Editing NSCAD University

{{short description|Public art school in Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada}}
{{Infobox university
 | name                   = NSCAD University
 | image                  = NSCAD Logo.svg
 | image_size             = 
 | image_alt              = 
 | caption                = 
 | latin_name             = 
 | other_name             = <!--or, other_names-->
 | former_name            = <!--or, former_names-->
 | motto                  = Head, Heart, and Hand
 | motto_lang             = 
 | mottoeng               = 
 | type                   = Public
 | established            = {{start date and age|1887}}
 | founder                = 
 | parent                 = 
 | affiliations           = [[Association of Universities and Colleges of Canada|UACC]], CBIE, [[Association of Independent Colleges of Art and Design|AICAD]]
 | religious_affiliation  = 
 | academic_affiliation   = 
 | endowment              = $8.18 million (2020)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://nscad.ca/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/nscad-03312020-final-fs.pdf|title=Financial Statements Year for NSCAD University|publisher=NSCAD University|year=2021|website=nscad.ca|page=9}}</ref>
 | budget                 = 
 | officer_in_charge      = 
 | chairman               = 
 | chairperson            = 
 | chancellor             = 
 | president              = Peggy Shannon
 | vice-president         = 
 | superintendent         = 
 | provost                = Jana Macalik
 | vice_chancellor        = 
 | rector                 = 
 | principal              = 
 | dean                   = Jacqueline Warwick (Academic), Shawn Tracey (Students)
 | director               = 
 | head_label             = 
 | head                   = 
 | academic_staff         = 85 (regular staff)
 | administrative_staff   = 
 | students               = 820 (2021)<ref name=enrol>{{cite web|url=https://www.univcan.ca/universities/facts-and-stats/enrolment-by-university/|title=Enrolment by university|publisher=Universities Canada|website=www.univcan.ca|access-date=13 November 2022}}</ref>
 | undergrad              = 740 (2021)<ref name=enrol/>
 | postgrad               = 80 (2021)<ref name=enrol/>
 | doctoral               = 
 | other                  = 
 | city                   = [[Halifax, Nova Scotia|Halifax]]
 | province               = [[Nova Scotia]]
 | country                = Canada
 | postalcode             = 
 | coordinates            = <!-- {{Coord}} -->
 | campus                 = Urban
 | language               = 
 | free_label             = 
 | free                   = 
 | colours                = Purple {{color box|#800080}} and green {{color box|#00502F}}
 | athletics              = 
 | sports                 = 
 | athletics_nickname     = <!--or,  sports_nickname= -->
 | mascot                 = <!--or, mascots= -->
 | sporting_affiliations  = 
 | website                = {{URL|nscad.ca}}
 | logo                   = 
 | logo_size              = 
 | logo_alt               = 
 | footnotes              = 
 | coor                   = {{Coord|44|38|58.02|N|63|34|26.23|W|display=title|type:edu}}
}}

'''NSCAD University''', also known as the '''Nova Scotia College of Art and Design''' ('''NSCAD'''), is a [[public university|public]] [[art school|art university]] in [[Halifax, Nova Scotia|Halifax]], [[Nova Scotia]], Canada. The university is a [[co-educational]] institution that offers [[bachelor's degree|bachelor's]] and [[master's degree]]s. The university also provides continuing education services through its School of Extended Studies.

The institution was founded by [[Anna Leonowens]] in 1887 as the '''Victoria School of Art and Design'''. The school was later renamed the '''Nova Scotia College of Art''' in 1925. In 1969, the institution was renamed the ''Nova Scotia College of Art and Design'' and began to offer undergraduate degrees, becoming the first degree-granting art school in the country. The institution adopted its current name in 2003.

==History==
[[File:Union Bank Halifax Canada.jpg|thumb|The school first opened in the Union Bank Building.]]
[[File:Leonowens Portrait.jpg|thumb|[[Anna Leonowens]], founder]]
[[File:NSCAD Halifax street.jpg|thumb|right|School buildings along [[Granville Mall (Halifax)|Granville Street]]. The university owns the entire city block.]]

===19th century===
The university opened in the Union Building in 1887.<ref name=Soucy&Pearce1993>{{cite book |author1-last=Soucy |author1-first=Donald |author2-first=Harold |author2-last=Pearse |title=The First Hundred Years: A History of the Nova Scotia College of Art and Design |place=Fredericton |publisher=University of New Brunswick |year=1993 |isbn=0-920114-27-X}}</ref>{{rp|2,12}} It was founded by [[Anna Leonowens]] (of ''[[Anna and the King of Siam (book)|Anna and the King of Siam]]'' fame).<ref name=Soucy&Pearce1993 />{{rp|3}}{{efn|Soucy & Pearce (1993) give four “initiators” in ch. 1: Anna Leonowens, a Mrs. Jeremiah Kenny (first name not known), Ella Almon Ritchie, and Alexander McKay. However, speaking of Anna Leonowens, “Most people agree that the Victoria School of Art and Design was her idea.” (p. 3)}}  It was originally called the Victoria School of Art and Design to commemorate Queen Victoria's Golden Jubilee. It moved to the Halifax Academy in 1890. From 1898 to 1910, [[Henry Mortikar Rosenberg]] was the principal.

===20th century===
In 1903 the school moved to the old National School.<ref name=Soucy&Pearce1993 />{{rp|50}} In 1925, it was renamed the Nova Scotia College of Art<ref name=Soucy&Pearce1993 />{{rp|94–95}}{{efn|“In 1925, thirty-seven years after it first received its charter, the Victoria School of Art and Design was no more.… a legislative act elevated the institution’s status to that of a college.” (p. 94) “Along with the new status came a new name, the Nova Scotia College of Art, and a motto, ‘Heart and Head and Hand.’” (p. 95)}} under the leadership of its president [[Frederick Henry Sexton|Dr. Frederick Sexton]].<ref name=Soucy&Pearce1993 />{{rp|104}}{{efn|“When Sexton, as President, oversaw the Art College’s new Legislative Act of 1925,…” (p. 104)}}

One of the notable artists to be associated with the school in its early years was [[Arthur Lismer]], who was a member of the [[Group of Seven (artists)|Group of Seven]] and spent several years as the school president.<ref name=Soucy&Pearce1993 />{{rp|69–78}} [[Elizabeth Styring Nutt]] succeeded Lismar as president in 1919, serving until 1943.<ref name="cwahi">{{cite web|title=Nutt, Elizabeth Styring|url=https://cwahi.concordia.ca/sources/artists/displayArtist.php?ID_artist=92|website=Canadian Women Artists History Initiative|access-date=15 November 2017}}</ref>

New Brunswick-born artist Donald Cameron MacKay, who prior to World War II had been vice-principal, after war service assumed the role of principal and continued until retiring in 1971.<ref>{{cite web |title=D.C. McKay Fonds |url=https://memoryns.ca/d-c-mackay-fonds |website=MemoryNS|publisher=Council of Nova Scotia Archives|access-date=30 September 2021}}</ref> Under his supervision, in 1957 the school moved into the former St. Andrew's United Church on Coburg Road.<ref name=Soucy&Pearce1993 />{{rp|141}} A modern, five-storey addition was constructed in 1968. It was eventually razed to provide space for Dalhousie University's Mona Campbell Building.

{{see also|NSCAD conceptual art}}
The artist [[Garry Kennedy]] was appointed president in 1967 at the age of 31, becoming the youngest ever president of a Canadian university.<ref name="confrontations">{{cite news|last1=Laskey|first1=Heather|title=Confrontations continue at N.S. art college|work=The Globe and Mail|date=4 December 1985|page=C7}}</ref> He immediately moved to remake the college from a provincial art school into an international centre for artistic activity. He invited notable artists to come to NSCAD as visiting artists, particularly those involved in [[conceptual art]]. Artists who made significant contributions during this period include [[Vito Acconci]], [[Sol LeWitt]], [[Dan Graham]], [[Eric Fischl]], [[Lawrence Weiner]], [[Joseph Beuys]] and [[Claes Oldenburg]]. The school was renamed the Nova Scotia College of Art and Design in 1969, the same year it began granting undergraduate degrees.<ref name=Soucy&Pearce1993 />{{rp|147}} Kennedy is credited with transforming the school into an internationally recognised centre for cutting-edge art, with ''[[Art in America]]'' suggesting in 1973 that NSCAD was "the best art school in North America".<ref name="confrontations"/><ref>{{cite news|title=School for the avant-garde|work=[[Maclean's]]|date=23 October 1993|page=52}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|last1=Levine|first1=L.|title=The best art school in North America?|journal=Art in America|date=July–August 1973|volume=61|issue=4|page=15}}</ref>

The school began to offer graduate programs in 1973.<ref name=Soucy&Pearce1993 />{{rp|161}} It moved to its current location on Granville Mall in 1978 and the former Coburg Road campus was acquired by [[Dalhousie University]].<ref name=Soucy&Pearce1993 />{{rp|160–161}} Garry Kennedy retired from the school's presidency in 1990 to focus on teaching and making art.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Dault|first1=Gary Michael|title=Conceptualism with a human face|work=The Globe and Mail|date=17 January 1998|page=C14}}</ref>

===21st century===
In 2002 the school purchased the Granville Street block of heritage buildings it had leased since 1978, known today as the Fountain Campus.<ref name="pastpresent">{{cite web|title=The 21st Century|url=http://nscad.ca/en/home/abouttheuniversity/past-present/21st-century.aspx|website=NSCAD Past and Present|publisher=NSCAD University|access-date=26 January 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170202044925/http://nscad.ca/en/home/abouttheuniversity/past-present/21st-century.aspx|archive-date=2 February 2017|url-status=dead}}</ref> The institution was renamed NSCAD University in 2003. It opened a second campus, the Academy Building, in 2004. This campus houses the film studies faculty. In 2007 the third campus, the Port Campus, opened at the [[Halifax Seaport]]. All three campuses are located in downtown Halifax.

The construction of the Port Campus brought the school's debt to a high of $19 million in 2011 after funding from the federal government fell through.<ref name="dreams">{{cite news|last1=Willick|first1=Frances|title=NSCAD dreams of all-new campus|work=Halifax Chronicle-Herald|date=18 July 2014}}</ref> The province asked the school to draw up a plan to reduce the debt, and it was speculated that NSCAD might lose its autonomy.<ref name=canencycl/> NSCAD students, faculty and alumni mounted a "Save NSCAD" campaign in opposition to a merger with a larger institution. The school commissioned a report to study the idea, but the consultant found that a merger would not result in cost savings. The NSCAD board of governors therefore voted on 15 July 2014 to continue as an independent university.<ref name="stayindependent">{{cite news|last1=Willick|first1=Frances|title=NSCAD University to stay independent|work=Halifax Chronicle-Herald|date=16 July 2014}}</ref> The university's financial position subsequently improved, and the debt had been reduced to $13 million as of 2015.<ref name=canencycl>{{cite web|title=Nova Scotia College of Art and Design University|url=http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/nova-scotia-college-of-art-and-design/|publisher=[[The Canadian Encyclopedia]]|access-date=25 January 2017}}</ref>

==Academics==
NSCAD offers bachelor's degrees in Fine Art ([[Bachelor of Fine Arts|BFA]]), Design ([[Bachelor of Design|BDes]]), and Art History ([[Bachelor of Arts|BA]]). It also offers [[Master of Fine Arts]], [[Master of Design]], and Master of Arts in Art Education degrees at the graduate level.

==Library and galleries==
[[File:Anna Leonowens Gallery.jpg|thumb|A room at the Anna Leonowens Gallery]]
The NSCAD University Library was founded early in the school's history and is now located in the Fountain Campus. It is the only art and design library in Atlantic Canada. Its collection includes over 50,000 books and periodicals as well as the Visual Resources Collection, which comprises 140,000 slides, 16mm films, video tapes and other multimedia materials. The library is a member of Novanet, which facilitates inter-library loans between Nova Scotian academic libraries.<ref>{{cite web|title=Library|url=http://nscad.ca/en/home/library/default.aspx|publisher=NSCAD University|access-date=26 January 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161223115150/http://nscad.ca/en/home/library/default.aspx|archive-date=23 December 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref>

Historical fine arts and ceramics; contemporary fine arts and printmaking collections are housed in the Anna Leonowens Gallery, founded in 1968.<ref name="aboutalg">{{cite web|title=About|url=http://alg.nscad.ca/about/|publisher=Anna Leonowens Gallery|access-date=26 January 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.museevirtuel-virtualmuseum.ca/GetMuseumProfile.do?lang=en&chinCode=guaanl |title=Anna Leonowens Gallery, NSCAD University |website=Virtual Museum of Canada |publisher=[[Government of Canada]] |access-date=2013-05-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131018013518/http://www.museevirtuel-virtualmuseum.ca/GetMuseumProfile.do?lang=en&chinCode=guaanl |archive-date=2013-10-18 |url-status=dead }}</ref> The gallery hosts exhibitions of the work of undergraduate and graduate students, faculty members, visiting artists and curators.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://nscad.ca/en/home/galleriesevents/galleries/default.aspx |title=Anna Leonowens Gallery |publisher=NSCAD University |access-date=2013-05-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130515232205/http://nscad.ca/en/home/galleriesevents/galleries/default.aspx |archive-date=2013-05-15 |url-status=dead }}</ref> The Port Campus hosts the Treaty Space Gallery and Port Loggia Gallery.

The university was also formerly home to the Seeds Gallery, a non-profit gallery where students and alumni could show and sell their work. This made NSCAD the only art school in Canada to offer a dedicated commercial gallery, helping students tradition from academia to entrepreneurship.<ref name=seedsmoves>{{cite web|title=Seeds Gallery moves to Halifax Seaport|url=http://nscad.ca/en/home/abouttheuniversity/news/seeds.aspx|publisher=NSCAD University|date=10 March 2011|access-date=26 January 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170202045843/http://nscad.ca/en/home/abouttheuniversity/news/seeds.aspx|archive-date=2 February 2017|url-status=dead}}</ref> It was founded by SUNSCAD, the students' union, who turned over control of the gallery to the university in 2007.<ref name="seedscbc">{{cite news|title=Seeds Gallery closure at NSCAD upsets students|url=http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/nova-scotia/seeds-gallery-closure-at-nscad-upsets-students-1.2224233|publisher=[[CBC News]]|date=24 October 2013}}</ref> In 2011 the university moved the gallery from Hollis Street to a more peripheral location at the [[Halifax Seaport|Seaport]], where it had to pay rent for the first time.<ref name="closesherald">{{cite news|last1=Beaumont|first1=Hilary|title=NSCAD closes student gallery, shop|work=Halifax Chronicle-Herald|date=23 October 2013}}</ref> The new space was a {{convert|1000|sqft|sqm}} gallery in the Annex Building, directly across the street from the Port Campus.<ref name=seedsmoves/>

In September 2013 the university board of governors decided to close the Seeds Gallery on 31 March 2014. The university governance stated that closure was a cost-saving measure in light of the gallery's $40,000 yearly deficit.<ref name="closesherald"/> The students' union criticized the absence of consultation surrounding the decision and blamed the gallery's financial woes on the decision to relocate it to the Seaport.<ref name="seedscbc"/> It stated that the gallery had been on the path to financial sustainability while at Hollis Street.<ref name="closesherald"/>

In January 2016 the Anna Leonowens Gallery founded the Art Bar + Projects, a space for performance art.<ref name="aboutalg"/>

==School of Extended Studies==
[[File:NSCADU Seaport.jpg|thumb|Port Campus, designed by MacKay-Lyons Sweetapple Architects of Halifax]]
[[File:NSCAD LunenburgCampus.jpg|thumb|right|Lunenburg Community Residency building]]
NSCAD has a long and distinguished history of offering the public the opportunity to study in a visual arts environment. The School of Extended Studies continues this tradition by offering the public a wide variety of non-credit studio and audit lecture courses in fine arts, media arts, craft and design. The School also manages the 30-credit Visual Arts Certificate for Teachers program, the 30-credit Visual Arts Certificate in Studio and the pre-university summer study credit program. Credit programs have admission requirements. Noncredit programs have no admission requirements although prerequisites must be met for some courses.

=== Adult Programs ===
The adult studio-based and audit lecture courses are available to individuals who are 16 years or older. These courses are designed to meet personal and professional development interests and to prepare for studies in an undergraduate visual arts degree program.  Curricula incorporate skills, processes, and health and safety issues. New approaches and ways of seeing, analyzing, experimenting and problem solving through observation are promoted.  To ensure program quality, planning is ongoing with other areas of NSCAD University. New courses are added regularly to introduce different subject matter and in response to public demand.

=== Children and Teen Programs ===
Saturday Children's Art Classes began in 1887 and are one of the earliest known examples of such programs in North America.  Children in grades 1 – 6 participate in a variety of fun age-appropriate activities that introduce basic visual arts skills.

Teen Art Studio courses for students in Grades 7 -12 introduce fundamental visual art skills and processes, introduce NSCAD facilities and provide older teens an opportunity to build a portfolio for admission to an undergraduate visual arts degree program. Saturday youth courses for ages 5–18 are offered during the spring, fall, and winter terms, and week-long camps are offered during summer.  Week-long March Break camps are offered during the Provincial school break.<ref>{{Cite web | title=Home {{!}} NSCAD Extended Studies | url=https://make.nscad.ca/ | access-date=2025-05-30 | website=make.nscad.ca}}</ref>

=== Night Shift Exhibit ===
An annual Night Shift Exhibition to display student work completed in Extended Studies course is held in the Anna Leonowens Gallery located on the NSCAD Granville campus. Family and friends are encouraged to attend this popular exhibit and enjoy a variety of different works of art created by all ages.

==University press==
Under the direction of Kennedy, The Press of the Nova Scotia College of Art and Design was established as a vehicle to publish books by and about leading contemporary artists. The Press was important in establishing the university's international reputation. Between 1972 and 1987, 26 titles by such artists as [[Michael Snow]], [[Steve Reich]], [[Gerhard Richter]] and [[Yvonne Rainer]] were published. The Press re-launched in 2002.

==Notable people==
===Alumni===
* [[Vikky Alexander]] – artist
* [[Jaime Angelopoulos]] – sculptor
* [[Jennifer Angus]] – artist
* [[Thomas Bezanson]] – pottery
* [[Jennifer Bolande]] – artist
* [[Gerard Collins (artist)|Gerard Collins]] - painter
* [[Cliff Eyland]] – artist
* [[Paula Ann Gallant]]
* [[Audrey Dear Hesson]] – artist and the school's first black graduate
* [[Snook (comedian)|Snook]]
* [[Jack Wong (writer)|Jack Wong]]

===Faculty===
{{columns-list|colwidth=30em|
* [[David Askevold]] – artist, faculty
* [[Bruce Barber]] – faculty
* [[Dara Birnbaum]] – artist, faculty
* [[Benjamin H. D. Buchloh]] – editor, art historian
* [[Eric Cameron]]
* [[Cassils (artist)|Cassils]] – performance artist
* [[Gerald Ferguson]] – artist, faculty
* [[Michael Fernandes (artist)|Michael Fernandes]] – artist
* [[Eric Fischl]] – painter and sculptor, faculty
* [[Robert Frank]] – photographer, faculty
* [[Wendy Geller]] – video artist
* [[Beck Gilmer-Osborne]] – transmedia artist
* [[Beaufille|Parris & Chloé Gordon]] – co-owners of Chloé comme Parris
* [[April Gornik]] – painter
* [[Hedwig Gorski]] – performance poet and artist
* [[Lonnie Graham]] – photographer
* [[Jenn Grant]] – singer/songwriter
* [[Art Green (artist)|Art Green]]
* [[Alice Mary Hagen]] – ceramic artist
* [[Susanna Heller]] – painter
* [[Steven Holmes (curator)|Steven Holmes]] – curator
* [[Teresa Hubbard and Alexander Birchler]] – artists
* [[Libbe Hubley]] – Canadian senator<ref>{{cite web|title=Biography|url=https://sencanada.ca/en/senators/hubley-elizabeth/|publisher=Senate of Canada|access-date=26 June 2017}}</ref>
* [[Ursula Johnson]] – artist, Sobey Award winner 2017 
* [[John Kahrs]] – Academy Award-winning director of ''[[Paperman]]''
* [[Garry Kennedy]] – faculty
* [[Arounna Khounnoraj]] – artist, teacher, and author
* [[Laura Kipnis]] – media critic
* [[Micah Lexier]] – artist
* [[Arthur Lismer]] – artist
* [[Deirdre Logue]] – artist
* [[Toshiko MacAdam]] – textile artist
* [[Rob MacInnis]] – artist
* [[Bruce MacKinnon]] – editorial cartoonist for ''[[The Chronicle Herald]]''
* [[Alvvays#Formation and early years (2011–present)|Kerri MacLellan]] – musician
* [[Christopher Manson]] – children's book author/illustrator
* [[Kelly Mark]] – sculptor, conceptualist
* [[Sarah McLachlan]] – singer/songwriter
* [[Sandra Meigs]] – artist
* [[Lisa Moore (writer)|Lisa Moore]] – writer
* [[Chris Murphy (Canadian musician)|Chris Murphy]] – musician
* [[Jimmy Rankin]] – singer/songwriter
* [[Julia Rivard]] – athlete, designer
* [[William James Roué]] – designed the [[Bluenose]] schooner
* [[Andrew Scott (drummer)|Andrew Scott]] – musician
* [[Snook (comedian)|Peter Soucy]] – comedian
* [[Michael Snow]] – artist, filmmaker, faculty
* [[Tagaq|Tanya Tagaq]] – singer/songwriter
* [[Monica Tap]] – artist, educator
* [[Theodore Wan]] - artist
* [[Martha Wilson]] – artist, faculty
* [[Krzysztof Wodiczko]] – artist, faculty
* [[Laurel Woodcock]] – artist and academic
* [[Heather Young (filmmaker)|Heather Young]] – filmmaker
* [[Tim Zuck]] – artist, faculty
* [[Marguerite Porter Zwicker]] – painter and art promoter
}}

==See also==
{{Portal|Visual arts}}
* [[Education in Halifax, Nova Scotia]]
* [[Higher education in Nova Scotia]]
* [[List of universities in Nova Scotia]]

== Notes ==
{{notelist}}

== Further reading ==
* Barber, Bruce. ''Conceptual Art: the NSCAD connection 1967-1973'' (Halifax: Anna Leonowens Gallery, 1998.) {{ISBN|0-920149-14-6}}
* Kennedy, Garry N., Kenneth Baker, Eric Cameron, Benjamin H.D. Buchloh. ''NSCAD, The Nova Scotia College of Art and Design'' (Halifax: Press of the Nova Scotia College of Art and Design, 1982.) {{ISBN|0-919616-23-2}}
* Kennedy, Garry Neill. ''The Last Art College: Nova Scotia College of Art and Design, 1968-1978'' (Cambridge: The MIT Press, 2012.) {{ISBN|978-0-262-01690-2}}
* Soucy, Donald and Harold Pearse. ''The First Hundred Years: A History of the Nova Scotia College of Art and Design'' (Fredericton: University of New Brunswick, 1993.) {{ISBN|0-920114-27-X}}
* Stacey, R. H.(Robert H.). ''Eightytwenty: 100 years of the Nova Scotia College of Art and Design'' (Halifax : Art Gallery of Nova Scotia, 1988.) {{ISBN|0-88871-106-9}}
* Wark, Jayne. "Conceptual Art in Canada: The East Coast Story" ''Traffic: Conceptual Art in Canada 1965-1980'' (Canada: Art Gallery of Alberta, Halifax INK, Justina M. Barnicke Gallery of University of Toronto, Leonard & Bina Ellen Art Gallery of Concordia University, and The Vancouver Art Gallery) pp 16–37 {{ISBN|978-1-895442-88-5}}

== References ==
{{reflist|30em}}

==External links==
{{commons category|Nova Scotia College of Art and Design University}}
*{{Official website|http://nscad.ca/}}

{{Association of Independent Colleges of Art and Design}}
{{Maritime PS}}
{{Universities in Canada}}
{{Halifax, Nova Scotia}}

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:NSCAD University| ]]
[[Category:Art schools in Canada]]
[[Category:Universities and colleges established in 1887]]
[[Category:Universities and colleges in Halifax, Nova Scotia]]
[[Category:1887 establishments in Nova Scotia]]