Editing Nalgonda

{{About|the municipal corporation in India|its namesake district|Nalgonda district}}
{{more citations needed|date=January 2016}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2019}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name               = Nalgonda
| other_name         = Nilagiri, Nalagonda
| settlement_type    = [[City]]
| image_skyline      = Nalgonda Clocktower.jpg
| image_alt          = 
| image_caption      = Clock Tower in Nalgonda
| nickname           = 
| pushpin_map        = India Telangana#India
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt    = 
| pushpin_map_caption = Nalgonda (Telangana)
| coordinates        = {{coord|17.057500|N|79.268400|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type   = [[Country]]
| subdivision_name   = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1  = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_type2  = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name1  = [[Telangana]]
| subdivision_name2  = [[Nalgonda district|Nalgonda]]
| established_title  = <!-- Established -->
| established_date   = 
| founder            = 
| named_for          = 
| government_type    = [[Chairman–Municipal council government|Municipal council]]
| governing_body     = Nalgonda Municipality
| leader_title1      = MLA
| leader_name1       = [[Komatireddy Venkat Reddy]]
| unit_pref          = Metric
| area_footnotes     = <ref name=profile>{{cite web|title=Basic Information of Municipality|url=http://nalgondamunicipality.in/basic-information-of-municipality-2/|website=Official website of Nalgonda Municipality|publisher=Government of Telangana|access-date=24 September 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151108172757/http://nalgondamunicipality.in/basic-information-of-municipality-2/|archive-date=2015-11-08|url-status=dead}}</ref>
| area_total_km2     = 105
| area_rank          = 
| elevation_footnotes = <ref>{{cite web|title=Elevation for Bhattiprolu |url=http://veloroutes.org/elevation/?location=Bhattiprolu&units=m|publisher=Velor outes|access-date=1 August 2014}}</ref>
| elevation_m        = 260
| population_total   = 165328
| population_as_of   = 2011
| population_rank    = [[List of cities in Telangana by population|9th in Telangana]]
| population_footnotes = <ref name="profile" />
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_metro   = 
| population_metro_footnotes = 
| population_demonym = Nalgondians
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| timezone1          = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1        = +5:30
| postal_code_type   = <!-- [[Postal Index Number|PIN]] -->
| postal_code        = 508001
| area_code          = +91–8682
| area_code_type     = Telephone code
| registration_plate = '''TG–05'''<ref>{{cite web|title=District Codes |url=http://www.transport.telangana.gov.in/html/registration-districtcodes.html |publisher=Government of Telangana Transport Department|access-date=4 September 2014}}</ref>/AP 24(Old)
| website            = {{URL|http://nalgondamunicipality.in}}
| footnotes          = 
| leader_title2      = MP
| leader_name2       = [[Kunduru Raghuveer|Kunduru Raghuveer Reddy]]
| demographics1_info1 = [[Telugu language|Telugu]], [[Urdu]]
}}

'''Nalgonda''' is a city<ref>{{cite web|url=http://censusindia.gov.in/2011-prov-results/paper2/data_files/India2/Table_2_PR_Cities_1Lakh_and_Above.pdf|title=Cities having population 1 lakh and above, Census 2011}}</ref> and [[municipality]] in the [[India]]n [[States and union territories of India|state]] of [[Telangana]]. It is the headquarters of the [[Nalgonda district]], as well as the headquarters of the Nalgonda [[Tehsil|mandal]] in the Nalgonda [[revenue division]].<ref name=census>{{cite web|title=District Census Handbook – Nalgonda|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/2808_PART_B_DCHB_NALGONDA.pdf |website=Census of India|access-date=22 September 2015|pages=13–14, 40, 52}}</ref> It is located about {{convert|90|km|mi|0}} from the state capital [[Hyderabad]].

== Etymology ==
In the past, Nalgonda was referred to as ''Nilagiri''. During the medieval [[Bahamani Sultanate|Bahamani kingdom]], it was renamed Nalgunda.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://archive.org/details/cu31924088964154/page/n6|title=Caste, Tribes|date=1920|work=The castes and tribes of H.E.H. the Nizam's dominions by Siraj-ul-Hassan, Syed|publisher=Bombay : The Times Press}}</ref>  The name was changed to "Nalgonda" for official uses during the rule of the later [[Nizam]] kings.

== History ==
{{Main|Telangana Rebellion}}

=== Paleolithic Age ===
There is archaeological evidence that [[Paleolithic Age|Paleolithic]] people lived in the area that is now Nalgonda, fashioning tools and weapons out of stone.  Some of these implements have been found in the Nalgonda area, similar to those discovered at the [[Sloan archaeological site]] in [[Arkansas]].

=== Neolithic Age ===
Traces of [[Neolithic Age|Neolithic]] culture were found at Chota Yelupu, where sling stones and other contemporary objects were excavated.  Evidence of [[Megalithic]] culture was also found via the discovery of innumerable burials at various places around Nalgonda.

=== The Mauryas and Satavahanas (230 BC – 218 BC) ===
The political history of the Nalgonda district commences with the [[Mauryas]].  During the reign of [[Ashoka]] the Great, the Mauryas maintained control over the Nalgonda region.  Later, the [[Satavahanas]], who ruled between 230 BC and 218 BC, took control of the area.

During this period, the region established trade contacts with the [[Roman Empire]].

=== Ikshvakus (227 AD – 306 AD) ===
In 227 AD, the [[Ikshvaku dynasty]] took control of the region.  During this period, members of various [[Saka]] tribes migrated to the area. [[Buddhism]] flourished during this time.

=== Invasion of Samudragupta ===
After the Ikshvakus, the [[Pallava]]s and [[Yadavas of Devagiri|Yadavas]] fought for supremacy over the region.  However, after [[Samudragupta]] (c. 335 AD – c. 375 AD) invaded and conquered most of India, the area fell under the control of his [[Gupta Empire]].  The Empire fell in the 6th century.

=== The Chalukyas and Rashtrakutas ===
Starting in the 6th century, the [[Chalukya dynasty]] ruled the modern-day Nalgonda region, as well as much of southern and central India.  A major portion of the Nalgonda area appears to have passed from the Chalukyas of [[Badami]] to the [[Rashtrakuta]]s.  However, the Rashtrakutas fell in 973, and power shifted to the Chalukyas of [[Basavakalyan|Kalyani]].  The Chalukyas continued to rule the area until the end of the 12th century.

=== Medieval period ===
During the medieval era, the [[Kakatiya dynasty]] took control of the region from the western Chalukyas.  During the reign of [[Prataparudra II]], in 1323, the kingdom was [[annexation|annexed]] to the [[Tughluq]] Empire.

When [[Muhammad bin Tughluq]] ruled (around 1324–1351), [[Musunuri]] chief [[Kapayanayaka]] ceded a part of Nalgonda to [[Ala-ud-din Hasan Bahman Shah]] of the Bahmani Sultanate.  He annexed the region to the Bahmani Kingdom.

In 1455, [[Jalal Khan (Bahmani rebel)|Jalal Khan]] he declared himself king at Nalgonda, but this was short-lived.  He was quickly defeated and the region brought back to the Bahmani Kingdom.

During the time of the Bahmani Sultan Shihabud-din Mahmun, Sultan [[Muhammad Quli Qutb Shah|Quli]] was appointed as [[tarafdar]] of the [[Telangana]] region (now the state of Telangana).  Quli's son, Jamshid, took control of the region from his father.  Later, [[Qutub Shahi]]s took control of the region, and maintained it until 1687.

=== Modern period: Mughals and Asaf Jahis ===
[[Qamar-ud-din Khan, Asaf Jah I|Nizam-ul-Mulk]] ([[Asaf Jah I]]) defeated Mubasiz Khan at Shaker Khere in [[Berar Subah|Berar]] and ruled the [[Deccan Plateau|Deccan]] autonomously.  This district, like the other districts of Telangana, was controlled by [[Asaf Jahi]]s, and remained under their rule for nearly two hundred and twenty-five years.

== Geography ==
Nalgonda is located at {{Coord|17.050|N|79.2667|E|}}.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.fallingrain.com/world/IN/02/Nalgonda.html|title=Nalgonda|publisher=Fallingrain|work=fallingrain.com|access-date=2014-07-30}}</ref> It has an average elevation of {{convert|420|m}}.

===Climate===
{{Weather box
| location = Nalgonda (1991–2020, extremes 1975–2020)
| metric first = Y
| single line = Y
| Jan record high C = 36.5
| Feb record high C = 39.5
| Mar record high C = 43.5
| Apr record high C = 45.2
| May record high C = 47.0
| Jun record high C = 46.3
| Jul record high C = 39.8
| Aug record high C = 38.8
| Sep record high C = 38.7
| Oct record high C = 37.5
| Nov record high C = 36.0
| Dec record high C = 35.0
| year record high C = 46.3
| Jan high C = 30.9
| Feb high C = 33.3
| Mar high C = 36.9
| Apr high C = 39.3
| May high C = 41.3
| Jun high C = 37.1
| Jul high C = 34.0
| Aug high C = 33.1
| Sep high C = 33.4
| Oct high C = 32.6
| Nov high C = 30.9
| Dec high C = 30.4
| year high C = 34.6
| Jan low C = 17.6
| Feb low C = 19.6
| Mar low C = 22.5
| Apr low C = 25.4
| May low C = 28.1
| Jun low C = 27.0
| Jul low C = 25.7
| Aug low C = 25.2
| Sep low C = 24.8
| Oct low C = 23.3
| Nov low C = 20.6
| Dec low C = 17.9
| year low C = 23.4
| Jan record low C = 10.0
| Feb record low C = 14.0
| Mar record low C = 15.3
| Apr record low C = 20.0
| May record low C = 20.6
| Jun record low C = 21.8
| Jul record low C = 21.6
| Aug record low C = 20.8
| Sep record low C = 19.8
| Oct record low C = 16.2
| Nov record low C = 13.4
| Dec record low C = 10.6
| year record low C = 10.0
| rain colour = green
| Jan rain mm = 9.2
| Feb rain mm = 6.9
| Mar rain mm = 5.3
| Apr rain mm = 16.6
| May rain mm = 39.0
| Jun rain mm = 95.2
| Jul rain mm = 140.7
| Aug rain mm = 147.2
| Sep rain mm = 168.9
| Oct rain mm = 141.4
| Nov rain mm = 30.1
| Dec rain mm = 6.1
| year rain mm = 806.5
| Jan rain days = 0.4
| Feb rain days = 0.4
| Mar rain days = 0.3
| Apr rain days = 1.0
| May rain days = 1.9
| Jun rain days = 5.0
| Jul rain days = 6.9
| Aug rain days = 7.5
| Sep rain days = 6.8
| Oct rain days = 5.1
| Nov rain days = 2.3
| Dec rain days = 0.4
| year rain days = 37.9
|time day = 17:30 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| Jan humidity = 47
| Feb humidity = 45
| Mar humidity = 41
| Apr humidity = 38
| May humidity = 36
| Jun humidity = 50
| Jul humidity = 61
| Aug humidity = 64
| Sep humidity = 67
| Oct humidity = 64
| Nov humidity = 59
| Dec humidity = 53
|year humidity = 51
|source 1 = [[India Meteorological Department]]<ref>{{cite web
| url = https://imdpune.gov.in/library/public/Climatological%20Tables%201991-2020.pdf
| title = Climatological Tables of Observatories in India 1991-2020
| publisher = [[India Meteorological Department]]
| access-date = April 8, 2024
}}</ref><ref name=IMDnormals>
{{cite web
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200205040301/http://imdpune.gov.in/library/public/1981-2010%20CLIM%20NORMALS%20%28STATWISE%29.pdf
| archive-date = 5 February 2020
| url = https://imdpune.gov.in/library/public/1981-2010%20CLIM%20NORMALS%20%28STATWISE%29.pdf
| title = Station: Nalgonda Climatological Table 1981–2010
| work = Climatological Normals 1981–2010
| publisher = India Meteorological Department
| date = January 2015
| pages = 529–530
| access-date = 19 February 2020}}</ref><ref name=IMDextremes>
{{cite web
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200205042509/http://imdpune.gov.in/library/public/EXTREMES%20OF%20TEMPERATURE%20and%20RAINFALL%20upto%202012.pdf
| archive-date = 5 February 2020
| url = https://imdpune.gov.in/library/public/EXTREMES%20OF%20TEMPERATURE%20and%20RAINFALL%20upto%202012.pdf
| title = Extremes of Temperature & Rainfall for Indian Stations (Up to 2012)
| publisher = India Meteorological Department
| date = December 2016
| page = M14
| access-date = 19 February 2020}}</ref>
}}Nalgonda has been ranked 2nd best “National Clean Air City” under (Category 3  population under 3 lakhs cities) in India according to 'Swachh Vayu Survekshan 2024 Results'<ref>{{Cite web |date=7 September 2024 |title=Swachh Vayu Sarvekshan 2024 |url=https://prana.cpcb.gov.in/ncapServices/robust/fetchFilesFromDrive/Swachh_Vayu_Survekshan_2024_Result.pdf |website=Swachh Vayu Sarvekshan 2024}}</ref>

== Demographics==
{{Historical Populations
|source = <ref>{{Cite web | title=Census tables {{!}} Government of India | url=https://censusindia.gov.in/census.website/data/census-tables | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220509161148/https://censusindia.gov.in/census.website/data/census-tables | access-date=2025-05-10 | archive-date=2022-05-09}}</ref>
|1931|9,711
|1941 |12,674
|1951|22,183
|1961|24,383
|1971|33,126
|1981 |62,458
|1991|84,910
|2001|110,286
|2011|135744
}}
{{As of|2011}} [[census of India]], Nalgonda had a population of 135,744; of which 67,971 are male and 67,773 are female. An average of 86.83% city population were literate; where 92.91% of them were male and 80.78% were female literates.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.census2011.co.in/census/district/125-nalgonda.html|title=Nalgonda District Population Census 2011-2019, Andhra Pradesh literacy sex ratio and density|website=www.census2011.co.in|access-date=2019-04-22}}</ref>

== Governance ==
The municipality of Nalgonda was categorized as a "Grade-III municipality" when it was first created in 1941.  It is now a "Special Grade Municipality."

Nalgonda's jurisdictional area is spread over {{convert|105|km2|abbr=on}}.<ref name=municipality>{{cite web|title=Basic Information of Municipality|url=http://cdma.telangana.gov.in/Nalgonda/Basic_information_Municipality.html|website=Municipal Administration & Urban Development Department|publisher=Government of Telangana|access-date=24 September 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150505010811/http://cdma.telangana.gov.in/Nalgonda/Basic_information_Municipality.html|archive-date=5 May 2015|url-status=dead|df=dmy-all}}</ref>  Its population is distributed over an area of {{convert|123.54|km2|abbr=on}}, which includes residents of the municipality Nalgonda, the rural areas of Panagallu, Gollaguda,  Cherlapalli, Arjalabhavi, Gandhamvarigudam, and [[Marriguda]].<ref name=census />

==Economy==
Nalgonda is being developed as part of [[K. T. Rama Rao|KTR]] mantra of 3-D, Digitise, Decarbonize and Decentralize. As such it has an [[Information technology|IT]] Tower.
<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.newstap.in/telangana/ktr-inaugurates-nizamabads-it-tower-nalgonda-and-adilabad-next-1488923 | title=KTR inaugurates Nizamabad's IT Tower, Nalgonda and Adilabad next | date=9 August 2023 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.indiaherald.com/Politics/Read/994634324/Telangana-Nalgondas-yearwait-for-IT-Tower-ends | title=Telangana Nalgonda's 14-year-wait for IT Tower ends }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://telanganatoday.com/ktr-assures-t-hub-and-task-centres-in-nalgonda | title=KTR assures T-Hub and TASK centres in Nalgonda | date=2 October 2023 }}</ref>

== Transport ==

[[File:APSRTC Busbay Nalgonda.jpg|thumb|Nalgonda Bus Station]]
The city is connected to major cities and towns by means of road and railways. [[National Highway (India)|National]] and [[state highways]] that pass through the city are [[National Highway 565 (India)|National Highway 565]], State highway 2 and 18.<ref>{{cite web|title=Bus Stations|url=http://www.tsrtc.telangana.gov.in/BusStations.php|website=[[TSRTC]]|access-date=20 May 2016}}</ref> Also [[National Highway 65 (India)|National Highway 65]] (Hyderabad to Vijayawada) passes through Nalgonda District.

=== Road ===
[[TGSRTC]] operates buses from Nalgonda to various destinations in [[Telangana]] state.

=== Railway ===
[[Nalgonda railway station]] provides rail connectivity to the city. It is classified as a ''B–category'' station in [[Guntur railway division]] of the [[South Central Railway zone]] and is located on the [[Pagidipalli-Nallapadu section]] of the division.<ref>{{cite web|title=Evolution of Guntur Division|url=http://www.scr.indianrailways.gov.in/cris/uploads/files/1446709035601-Genearal%20data-01-11-15.pdf|website=South Central Railway|access-date=30 November 2015|page=3|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151208185851/http://www.scr.indianrailways.gov.in/cris/uploads/files/1446709035601-Genearal%20data-01-11-15.pdf|archive-date=8 December 2015|url-status=dead|df=dmy-all}}</ref>

== Attractions ==
[[File:NagarjunaSagarDam.JPG|thumb|Nagarjuna Sagar dam]]

Nalgonda contains several religious sites, including [[Maruthi Mandir]] and [[Kolanupaka Temple]], a [[Jainism|Jain]] shrine.  Other attractions include the [[Nagarjuna Sagar Dam]], a [[Gowthama Buddha]] Museum, and the [[Bhuvanangiri Fort]], built by Tribhuvanamalla Vikramaditya VI, panagallu someswara temple and many masjid built by Alamgir in and around the district.{{Citation needed|date=January 2022}}

== Education ==
As district headquarters, Nalgonda serves as a hub for primary and secondary education for surrounding villages. Nalgonda has many primary and upper primary schools, offering instruction in [[Telugu language|Telugu]], [[Urdu language|Urdu]], and [[English language|English]].{{Citation needed|date=January 2022}}

It also contains a number of colleges specializing in engineering, medicine, pharmacy, and sciences, as well as vocational colleges.{{Citation needed|date=January 2022}}

There are also many state government-operated schools and colleges in the city, such as Nagarjuna Government Degree college.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://ngcnalgonda.org/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100126140925/http://www.ngcnalgonda.org/|url-status=usurped|archive-date=26 January 2010|title=Nagarjuna Government College-NALGONDA|work=ngcnalgonda.org}}</ref>

*[[Kamineni Institute of Medical Sciences]]
*[[Mahatma Gandhi University, Nalgonda]]
* Government Medical College, Nalgonda

== See also ==
* [[Nalgonda (Assembly constituency)]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
{{Commons category}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20140808031659/http://cdma.telangana.gov.in/Nalgonda/ Nalgonda Municipality]

{{Telangana}}
{{Nalgonda District}}
{{Municipalities of Telangana}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Cities and towns in Nalgonda district]]
[[Category:Municipalities of Telangana]]
[[Category:District headquarters of Telangana]]
[[Category:Cities in Telangana]]