Editing National Languages Committee

{{Short description|National language regulator in Taiwan}}
{{Expand Chinese|topic=hist|date=February 2016}}
{{Infobox government agency
| agency_name     = National Languages Committee
| formed          = {{Start date|df=yes|1919|4|21}}
| dissolved       = {{Start date|df=yes|2013|1|1}}
| superseding     = Fourth Sector (Reading and Language Education), Department of Lifelong Education, [[Ministry of Education (Taiwan)|Ministry of Education]]
| jurisdiction    = [[Taiwan]]
| chief1_name     = [[Tsao Feng-fu]]
| chief1_position = Chairman
| parent_agency   = [[Ministry of Education (Republic of China)|Ministry of Education]]
| website         = {{URL|www.edu.tw/mandr}}
| footnotes = {{Infobox Chinese|child=yes
|t=國語推行委員會|s=国语推行委员会
|p=Guóyǔ Tuīxíng Wěiyuánhuì
|l=National Language Promotion Committee
|w={{tonesup|Kuo2-yü3 T'ui1-hsing2 Wei3-yüan2-hui4}}
|altname=Name at creation|l2=Preparatory Commission for the Unification of the National Language|t2=國語統一籌備會|s2=国语统一筹备会|p2=Guóyǔ Tǒngyī Chóubèi Huì|w2=Kuo<sup>2</sup>-yü<sup>3</sup> T'ung<sup>3</sup>-i<sup>1</sup> Ch'ou<sup>2</sup>-pei<sup>4</sup> Hui<sup>4</sup>|altname3=Second name|l3=Preparatory Committee for the Unification of the National Language|t3=國語統一籌備委員會|s3=国语统一筹备委员会|p3=Guóyǔ Tǒngyī Chóubèi Wěiyuánhuì|w3=Kuo<sup>2</sup>-yü<sup>3</sup> T'ung<sup>3</sup>-i<sup>1</sup> Ch'ou<sup>2</sup>-pei<sup>4</sup> Wei<sup>3</sup>-yüan<sup>2</sup>-hui<sup>4</sup>}}
}}
The '''National Languages Committee''' was established in 1919 by the [[Ministry of Education (Republic of China)|Ministry of Education]] of the [[Republic of China (1912-1949)|Republic of China]] with the purpose of standardizing and popularizing the usage of [[Standard Chinese]]  in the country. The committee was known in English as the '''Mandarin Promotion Council''' or the '''National Languages Promotion Committee''' until 2003, but the Chinese name has not changed. The phrase ''Guoyu'' ({{lang|zh-TW|國語}} "National language") typically refers to Standard Chinese, but could also be interpreted as referring to "national languages".<ref>{{cite book |last=Tsao |first=Feng-fu |year=2008 |chapter=Chapter 6: The Language Planning Situation in Taiwan: An Update |editor1-last=Kaplan |editor1-first=Robert B. |editor2-last=Baldauf |editor2-first=Richard B. |location=Bristol, UK |title=Language Planning and Policy in Asia: Japan, Nepal, Taiwan and Chinese Characters |volume=1 |publisher=Multilingual Matters |page=286 |isbn=9781847690951 |oclc=214322775}}</ref> The reorganization of the Executive Yuan  made the duties of the National Languages Committee be transferred to the Department of Lifelong Education's fourth sector (Reading and Language Education) from 2013.<ref>{{cite web|author1={{lang|zh-TW|李婉慈}}|title=國語推行委員會承辦的本國語文業務，改由業務換由「終身教育司」的「第四科閱讀及語文教育科」承辦|url=http://laes.ntcu.edu.tw/LastNews/NewMore.aspx?sid=3&bid=1045|website={{lang|zh-TW|教育部國民小學師資培用聯盟學習領域平台}}|publisher=National Taichung University of Education|accessdate=28 November 2014|language=Chinese|date=26 February 2013}}</ref>

It was created as the Preparatory [[Commission on the Unification of Pronunciation|Commission for the Unification of the National Language]] by the Republic (then still based in [[Nanjing]]) on 21 April 1919. On 12 December 1928, the commission was renamed to the Preparatory Committee for the Unification of the National Language, headed by [[Woo Tsin-hang]] and had 31 members. The committee was revived in 1983 as the Mandarin Promotion Council based on [[Taiwan]].

The decisions reached by the Council include:
* Changing the first- and second-grade textbook titles from ''Guowen'' ({{lang|zh-TW|國文}} "National Script") to ''Guoyu'' ({{lang|zh-TW|國語}} "National language"), on 24 January 1920
* Publishing the ''Guoyin Zidian'' ({{lang|zh-TW|國音字典}} "National Pronunciation Dictionary") edited by [[Woo Tsin-hang]], on 24 December 1920. The ''Guoyin Zidian'' later became the ''Mandarin Chinese Dictionary'' ({{zh|t=國語辭典|p=Guóyǔ Cídiǎn|labels=no}}), a comprehensive online<ref>{{cite web |url=http://dict.revised.moe.edu.tw/ |title=教育部重編國語辭典修訂本 |year=1994 |publisher={{lang|zh-TW|中華民國教育部}} |accessdate=2010-05-16}}</ref> and CD-ROM [[Traditional Chinese]] Mandarin dictionary.

The Committee for National Language Romanization ({{lang|zh-TW|羅馬字母拼音研究委員會}}) under the Council selects and modifies [[Romanization]] Systems. The official Mandarin romanization systems in the [[Republic of China]] have been:
* [[Gwoyeu Romatzyh]] (1928–1984)
* [[Mandarin Phonetic Symbols II]] (1984–2002)
* [[Tongyong Pinyin]] (2002–2008)
* [[Hanyu Pinyin]] (starting on 1 January 2009)

Since the [[Taiwanization]] movement took hold in government, the committee also handles:
* Researching [[mainland China]] Mandarin
* Researching the [[Formosan languages]]
* Researching other varieties of Chinese or languages like [[Hakka Chinese|Hakka]] and [[Taiwanese Hokkien]]

==See also==
* [[List of language regulators]]
* [[Speak Mandarin Campaign]] (Singapore)
* [[Taiwanese Mandarin]]
* [[Traditional Chinese characters]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* [http://www.edu.tw/mandr/ National Languages Committee] official website
* [http://english.moe.gov.tw/ct.asp?xItem=465&ctNode=363&mp=1 National Languages Committee: mandate (in the English-language section of the Ministry of Education website)]

[[Category:Standard Chinese]]
[[Category:Executive Yuan]]
[[Category:Education in Taiwan]]
[[Category:Language regulators]]
[[Category:1928 establishments in China]]
[[Category:Language policy in Taiwan]]
[[Category:Chinese language reform]]