Editing National Republican Movement

{{Short description|French nationalist political party}}
{{Infobox political party
| native_name      = Mouvement national républicain
| country          = France
| colorcode        = {{party color|National Republican Movement}}
| logo             = Mouvement National Républicain logo.png
| leader           = [[Annick Martin]]
| foundation       = 2 October 1999
| split            = [[National Rally|National Front]]
| headquarters     = 15 rue de Cronstadt <br /> 75015 Paris
| ideology         = {{Nowrap|[[French nationalism]]<br>[[National conservatism]]<br>[[Social conservatism]]<br>[[Anti-immigration]]<br>[[Right-wing populism]]<br>[[Nouvelle Droite]]}}
| position         = [[Far-right politics|Far-right]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.lexpress.fr/actualite/politique/elections/presidentielle-le-mnr-fonde-par-megret-appelle-a-qualifier-fillon-face-a-le-pen_1899892.html|title = Présidentielle: Le MNR fondé par Mégret appelle à qualifier Fillon face à le Pen|date = 18 April 2017}}</ref>
| colours          = [[Blue]], [[White]] and [[Red]]
| blank1_title     = Members
| seats1_title     = Seats in the [[National Assembly (France)|National Assembly]]
| seats1           = {{Composition bar|0|577|hex={{party color|National Republican Movement}}}}
| seats2_title     = Seats in the [[Senate (France)|Senate]]
| seats2           = {{Composition bar|0|343|hex={{party color|National Republican Movement}}}}
| seats3_title     = Seats in the [[European Parliament]]
| seats3           = {{Composition bar|0|72|hex={{party color|National Republican Movement}}}}
| website          = [http://www.m-n-r.net/ www.m-n-r.net]
}}{{Conservatism in France|Parties}}
The '''National Republican Movement''' (''Mouvement national républicain'' or '''MNR''') is a French [[nationalism|nationalist]] [[political party]], created by [[Bruno Mégret]] with former [[Club de l'Horloge]] members [[Yvan Blot]] (also a member of [[GRECE]]) and [[Jean-Yves Le Gallou]], as a split from [[Jean-Marie Le Pen]]'s [[National Front (France)|National Front]] on 24 January 1999.

Mégret has tried in the past to distance himself from Le Pen's provocative statements, in particular concerning [[Holocaust denial]].  In 2001, a call for reconciliation between the two parties was endorsed by [[Roland Gaucher]].

==History==
Initially, Bruno Mégret was the chairman, with [[Serge Martinez]] vice-chairman, Jean-Yves Le Gallou, executive director and [[Franck Timmermans]] secretary-general. Other notable members of the party included [[Jean Haudry]], Pierre Vial, [[Jean-Claude Bardet]], [[Xavier Guillemot]], [[Christian Bouchet]] and [[Maxime Brunerie]]. In 2000, the party had fewer than 5000 members, while its youth movement, the Movement National de la Jeunesse, headed by Philippe Schleiter, nephew of [[Robert Faurisson]], had 1500 members.<ref>[http://www.tau.ac.il/Anti-Semitism/asw2000-1/france.htm Stephen Roth Institute Report] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121119110745/http://www.tau.ac.il/Anti-Semitism/asw2000-1/france.htm |date=2012-11-19 }} (Tel Aviv University, 2000)</ref> The student union [[Renouveau Etudiant]] had close ties with the MNR thanks to Pierre Vial. The party was initially known as the Front National-Mouvement National, but was forced to change its name to Mouvement National Républicain on 2 October 1999 after being sued by Le Pen for trademark infringement.<ref>Paul Webster, "[https://www.theguardian.com/world/1999/may/12/paulwebster Le Pen win cuts far right's lifeline]", ''[[The Guardian]]'', 12 May 1999</ref>

In 2000, via the organisation ''Promouvoir'', the MNR sued successfully for the ban of the film ''[[Baise-moi]]'' to minors. Pierre Vial left the MNR in October 2001, Bruno Mégret having expressed solidarity with the US<ref>Searchlight Magazine ''[http://www.searchlightmagazine.com/index.php?link=template&story=18 France - The end in sight for Mégret?]'' January 2003</ref> after the [[September 11 attacks|11 September 2001 attack on the World Trade Center]]. During the 2004 campaign for the [[2004 French regional elections|regional elections]], the MNR campaigned under the "No to [[Islamisation]]" slogan. In 2005, it campaigned against the proposed [[European Constitution]] and the possible [[accession of Turkey to the European Union]]; Bruno Mégret said that the Europeans, including France, were lying to the Turks by having them believe they could integrate within the EU, whereas public opinion would surely reject Turkey's membership in a [[referendum]]. As a result of MNR's poor electoral results, Franck Timmermans and a few other former MNR members formed a new party in 2005, called the [[Parti populiste]] (Populist Party, PP) which gravitated back towards the ''Front national'' (Timmermans will later join ''Front national's'' cantonal campaign by representing it in Saint-Nazaire, as other candidates in Northern France in March 2008).

As the ''Front national'' organised its traditional 1 May rally in Paris, to honour the memory of [[Joan of Arc]], its president Jean-Marie Le Pen explicitly called for a union of all patriots, in the context of the approaching French presidential election of 2007. MNR, ''via'' Bruno Mégret, responded positively to this proposition, as did the ''Parti populiste''. The ''Union des patriotes'' (Union of Patriots) was officially launched on 20 December 2006 by a symbolic reconciliation in Le Pen Montretout's mansion in Saint-Cloud, where both Le Pen and Mégret presented the initiative to the press, alongside their respective wives. The fundamental target for the MNR was to secure the support of some 140 signatures from great electors for Jean-Marie Le Pen's presidential candidacy, of the total of 500 required. In the end, the MNR could only collect 45 signatures.

''Front national'' and ''Mouvement national républicain'' organised separate campaigns with their respective activists in favour of Jean-Marie Le Pen's candidacy, with the exception of a major ''Front national'' rally in Lyon on 11 March 2007 where Mégret made an appearance among the guests, although he did not speak from the platform). As a result, Mégret regularly criticised this situation, like during appearances on French television channels ''LCI'' and ''I>télé'', where he criticises what he considered to be a strategy pursued by ''Front national'' general secretary [[Louis Aliot]], and especially Marine Le Pen, intended to downplay the contribution and the efficiency of the ''Union des patriotes''.

On 6 March 2008, Jean-Marie Le Pen claimed that the MNR was funded illegally by the UIMM, the steel industry branch of the [[Medef]]. Bruno Mégret denied these accusations, and counter-claimed that it was foolish for Jean Marie Le Pen to make such claims, as he has been already alleged to be funded by [[Saddam Hussein]] and the [[Unification Church]] of [[Sun Myung Moon]]. In an interview to [[France 2]] on the same day, Le Pen clarified that he had not claimed Bruno Mégret was personally receiving funds from UIMM.<ref>[http://www.liberation.fr/actualite/politiques/314062.FR.php Le Pen et Mégret échangent des noms d'oiseaux] [[Libération]], 6 March 2008. (source: [[Agence France-Presse]])</ref><ref>[http://www.lefigaro.fr/flash-actu/2008/03/06/01011-20080306FILWWW00550-megret-doutes-sur-la-lucidite-de-le-pen.php Mégret:"doutes sur la lucidité" de Le Pen] [[Le Figaro]], 6 March 2008 (source: [[Agence France-Presse]])</ref>

Later in 2008, Bruno Mégret stepped down from party leadership and retired from political life.

==Electoral results==
*[[1999 European Parliament election in France|1999 European Parliament election]]: Bruno Mégret's list gets 578,774 votes (3.28%) but fails to win seats in the [[European Parliament|EU Parliament.]]
*[[2002 French presidential election]]: Bruno Mégret wins 2.33% of the popular vote.
*[[2002 French legislative election]]s: the MNR run 572 candidates across France getting 276,376 votes and 1.09% of the popular vote. No MNR candidate will be elected during this election.
*[[2004 French regional elections|2004 regional elections]]: the MNR runs candidates in 13 of the 22 metropolitan [[Regions of France]]. The best result obtained by the party is Alain Vauzelle's 2.95% in the [[Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur]].
*[[2004 European Parliament election in France|2004 European Parliament election]]: the MNR gets low results with an average of 0.31%.
*[[2007 French presidential election|2007 French Presidential election]]: Bruno Mégret and the MNR support the [[National Front (France)|National Front]] (FN) candidate, [[Jean-Marie Le Pen]].
*[[2007 French legislative election]]s: Bruno Mégret calls for a "patriotic alliance" grouping all the [[French far-right|far-right parties]]. Nevertheless, neither the FN nor the [[Movement for France]] (MPF) will positively respond to his idea. Finally, the MNR ran 379 candidates across France and, in the areas without any MNR candidate, the party supported FN candidates such as [[Bruno Gollnisch]], in [[Lyon]]'s eastern suburbs. The MNR candidates, who ran under the slogan ''Against Immigration, Islamisation and Insecurity'', only gathered 00.39% of the popular vote and were all eliminated. Mégret himself was in competition against a ''Front national's'' candidate in the 12th circonscription of Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur (Vitrolles-Marignane), Gérald Gerin, Jean-Marie Le Pen's own majordome : Mégret gathering 02.25% of the vote and Gerin 07.50%.

==See also==
* [[Politics of France]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{in lang|fr}} [http://www.m-n-r.net/ Official site]

{{French political parties}}
{{French far right}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Eurosceptic parties in France]]
[[Category:Far-right political parties in France]]
[[Category:French nationalist parties]]
[[Category:Political parties of the French Fifth Republic]]
[[Category:Right-wing populist parties]]
[[Category:National Rally (France) breakaway groups]]