Editing National Speech and Debate Association

{{Short description|American interscholastic association}}
{{Redirect|NSDA|the youth employment agency in India|National Skill Development Agency}}
{{Infobox fraternity
| name = National Speech and Debate Association
| letters = NSDA
| crest = National Speech & Debate Association logo.png
| image_size = 180px
| founded = {{start date and age|1925|3|28}}
| affiliation = Independent
| type = Debate
| status = Active
| emphasis = Middle and high school
| scope = National
| free_label = Former name
| free = National Forensics League
| pillars = Equity, Integrity, Respect, Leadership, and Service
| member badge = [[File:The_key_of_the_National_Forensics_League.png|60px]]
| chapters = 3,730
| members = 141,132
| lifetime = 2,000,000+
| address = 6600 Westown Parkway Suite 270
| city = [[West Des Moines, Iowa|West Des Moines]]
| state = [[Iowa]]
| postal code = 50266
| country = United States
| homepage = {{URL|speechanddebate.org}}
}}

The '''National Speech & Debate Association (NSDA)''' is the largest interscholastic [[Individual events (speech)|speech]] and [[Competitive debate in the United States|debate]] organization serving middle school and high school students in the United States.<ref>{{Cite web |title=What Is Forensic Competition? |url=https://smallbusiness.chron.com/forensic-competition-827.html |access-date=2023-02-10 |website=Small Business - Chron.com |language=en-US}}</ref> It was formed as the '''National Forensic League''' in 1925 by [[Bruno E. Jacob|Bruno Ernst Jacob]].

==History==
===20th century===
As a [[Ripon College (Wisconsin)|Ripon College]] student, Jacob created a pocket handbook, ''Suggestions for the Debater''.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.speechanddebate.org/history/|title=History &#124; National Speech & Debate Association}}</ref> After becoming a professor at Ripon College, Jacob received a letter inquiring about the existence of a debate honor society. This led to the founding of the National Forensic League, with the earliest members joining on March 28, 1925.<ref>"[https://www.riponpress.com/news/throwback-thursday-the-history-of-the-national-forensics-league/article_b25d9cb4-a2b4-11eb-a9b3-1375dfbd19e8.html "Throwback Thursday: The History of the National Forensics League]", ''Ripon (WI) Press'', April 22, 2021</ref>

The National Forensic League was an honor society that recognized middle and high school students and coaches for participation in speech and debate activities.<ref>{{Cite web |title=NSDA Honor Society |url=http://www.pattonvilledb8.com/nsda-honor-society.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190413023217/http://www.pattonvilledb8.com/nsda-honor-society.html |url-status=usurped |archive-date=April 13, 2019 |access-date=2023-02-10 |website=Pattonville Speech & Debate |language=en}}</ref> Students earned merit points for participation and were held to a Code of Honor.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Honor Society |url=https://www.speechanddebate.org/honor-society/ |access-date=September 2, 2024 |website=National Speech & Debate Association}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=National Speech and Debate Association |url=https://www.ppmhcharterschool.org/apps/pages/index.jsp?uREC_ID=279745&type=d&termREC_ID=&pREC_ID=524246 |access-date=2023-02-10 |website=www.ppmhcharterschool.org |language=en}}</ref>

[[Karl Mundt]] served as the organization's national president from 1932 until 1971.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Karl Mundt Oral Interpretation Tournament is Saturday |url=https://dsu.edu/news/2024/10/oral-interp-tournament-returns.html |access-date=2025-02-12 |website=Dakota State University |language=en}}</ref>

===21st century===
The League's name was changed on May 17, 2013 to the National Speech & Debate Association and the National Speech & Debate Association's Honor Society. A press release explained "As a communication organization, we need to effectively communicate who we are and what we do. There is a common misunderstanding of 'NFL' or 'forensics,' including confusion with the [[National Football League]] or crime scene investigation; changing our name to focus on the activity of speech and debate will appeal to more students, coaches, alumni, sponsors, and the general public."<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title=Rebranding - USA National Forensic League becomes National Speech and Debate Association |url=http://globaldebateblog.blogspot.com/2014/01/rebranding-usa-national-forensic-league.html |access-date=2023-02-10 |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":0" /> 

As of 2024, the league has 141,132 student members and 2,000,000 alumni.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Membership Database |url=https://www.speechanddebate.org/membership-database/ |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20240903173100/https://www.speechanddebate.org/membership-database/ |archive-date=2024-09-03 |access-date=2024-12-23 |website=National Speech & Debate Association |language=en-US}}</ref> It has chapters at 3,152 high schools and 578 middle school chapters.<ref name=":1" /> Its headquarters are located in [[West Des Moines, Iowa]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Contact |url=https://www.speechanddebate.org/contact/ |access-date=September 2, 2024 |website=National Speech & Debate Association}}</ref>

== Symbols ==
NSDA's core values or pillars are Equity, Integrity, Respect, Leadership, and Service.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mission |url=https://www.speechanddebate.org/mission/ |access-date=September 2, 2024 |website=National Speech and Debate Association}}</ref> After its name change in 2014, the association retained its original insignia, including keys, pins, and seals.<ref name=":2" />

== Membership ==
Members in the National Speech & Debate Association's Honor Society earn points and are recognized by increasing membership degrees, including membership, merit, honor, excellence, distinction, special distinction, superior distinction, outstanding distinction, and premier distinction.<ref name=":0" />

== Activities ==
NSDA provides competitive speech and debate activities, resources, comprehensive training, scholarship opportunities, and advanced recognition to more than 140,000 students and coaches each year. The annual National Speech & Debate Tournament marks the capstone of speech and debate activities for more than 140,000 members across the country. Students must qualify for the National Tournament through their District Tournament.

To create standards for national competition, the National Speech & Debate Association defined a number of speech and debate events that are prevalent in the United States that have been adopted by many states.<ref>{{Cite web |title=About NSDA |url=http://www.eastmoforensics.com/about-nsda.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191031215244/http://www.eastmoforensics.com/about-nsda.html |url-status=usurped |archive-date=October 31, 2019 |access-date=2023-02-10 |website=EASTMO SPEECH and DEBATE |language=en}}</ref>

===Speech===
Speech involves a presentation by one or two students that is judged against a similar type of presentation by others in a round of competition. There are two general categories of speech events, public address events and interpretive events.

* Public address events feature a speech written by the student, either in advance or with limited prep, that can answer a question, share a belief, persuade an audience, or educate the listener on a variety of topics.
* Interpretation events center upon a student selecting and performing published material.

==== Public Address events ====
Source:<ref name="auto">{{Cite web|url=https://www.speechanddebate.org/competition-events/|title=Competition Events &#124; National Speech & Debate Association|website=National Speech & Debate Association}}</ref>
* Extemporaneous Commentary (EXC)
* [[Declamation]] (DEC)
* [[Exposition (narrative)|Expository]] (EXP)
* [[Impromptu]] (IMP)
* Informative Speaking (INF)
* International Extemporaneous Speaking (IX)
* Mixed Extemporaneous Speaking (MX)
* [[Original Oratory]] (OO)
* Original Spoken Word Poetry (SW)
* Pro Con Challenge (PCC)
* [[Extemporaneous speaking|United States Extemporaneous Speaking]] (USX)

==== Interpretation events ====
Source:<ref name="auto"/>
* [[Dramatic Interpretation]] (DI)
* [[Duo Interpretation]] (DUO)
* [[Humorous Interpretation]] (HI)
* [[Poetry]] (POE)
* Program Oral Interpretation (POI)
* [[Prose]] (PRO)
* [[Storytelling]] (STO)

=== Debate ===
Debate involves an individual or a team of students working to effectively convince a judge that their side of a resolution or topic is, as a general principle, more valid. Students in debate come to thoroughly understand both sides of an issue, having researched each extensively, and learn to think critically about every argument that could be made on each side.

==== Debate events ====
Source:<ref name="auto"/>
* Big Questions (BQ)
* [[Congressional Debate]] (House and Senate) (CON)
* Extemporaneous Debate (XDB)
* [[Lincoln–Douglas debate format|Lincoln-Douglas Debate]] (LD)
* [[Policy debate|Policy Debate]] (CX)
* [[Public forum debate|Public Forum Debate]] (PF)
* [[World Schools Debating Championships|World Schools Debate]] (WS)

== Notable members ==
{{Main|List of National Speech and Debate Association members}}
Many NSDA alumni have risen to the pinnacle of their respective fields.<ref>{{Cite web |title=26 Famous People Who Were on the Debate Team |url=https://www.ranker.com/list/famous-people-who-were-on-the-debate-team/celebrity-lists |access-date=2023-02-10 |website=Ranker |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Notable Alumni |url=https://www.speechanddebate.org/notable-alumni/ |access-date=September 2, 2024 |website=National Speech & Debate Association}}</ref>

== See also ==
* [[Competitive debate in the United States]]
* [[Honor society]]
* [[Student society]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
*[http://www.speechanddebate.org/ Official website]

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:1925 establishments in Iowa]]
[[Category:Student organizations established in 1925]]
[[Category:Organizations based in Des Moines, Iowa]]
[[Category:Organizations established in 1925]]
[[Category:Student debating societies]]
[[Category:Secondary school honor societies]]