Editing National Statuary Hall Collection

{{Short description|Collection of statues in the US Capitol}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=July 2022}}
[[Image:National Statuary Hall Collection.jpg|thumb|right|200px|Part of the National Statuary Hall Collection.]]
[[File:Car of history.jpg|thumb|right|200px|Presiding over the Hall, Carlo Franzoni's 1819 sculptural [[chariot clock]], the ''Car of History'' depicts [[Clio]], the Greek [[Muses|muse]] of history.]]

The '''National Statuary Hall Collection''' in the [[United States Capitol]] is composed of statues donated by individual states to honor persons notable in their history. Limited to two statues per state, the collection was originally set up in the old Hall of the [[United States House of Representatives|House of Representatives]], which was then renamed ''[[National Statuary Hall]]''. The expanding collection has since been spread throughout the Capitol and [[United States Capitol Visitor Center|its visitor center]].

With the addition of New Mexico's second statue in 2005, the collection is now complete with 100 statues contributed by 50 states, plus two from the [[District of Columbia]] (see ''[[Statues of the National Statuary Hall Collection]]''). Since Congress authorized replacements in 2000, thirteen states have replaced at least one of their original two statues. In 2022, Kansas became the first state to replace both of its statues; it has been joined by Arkansas and Nebraska.

==History==
The concept of a National Statuary Hall originated in the middle of the nineteenth century, before the completion of the present House wing in 1857. At that time, the House of Representatives moved into its new larger chamber and the old vacant chamber became a thoroughfare between the Rotunda and the House wing. Suggestions for the use of the chamber were made as early as 1853 by [[Gouverneur Kemble]], a former member of the House, who pressed for its use as a gallery of historical paintings. The space between the columns seemed too limited for this purpose, but it was well suited for the display of busts and statuary.

On April 19, 1864, Representative [[Justin S. Morrill]] asked: "To what end more useful or grand, and at the same time simple and inexpensive, can we devote it [the Chamber] than to ordain that it shall be set apart for the reception of such statuary as each State shall elect to be deserving of in this lasting commemoration?" His proposal to create a National Statuary Hall became law on July 2, 1864:

{{blockquote|[...] the President is hereby authorized to invite each and all the States to provide and furnish statues, in [[Marble sculpture|marble]] or [[bronze sculpture|bronze]], not exceeding two in number for each State, of deceased persons who have been citizens thereof, and illustrious for their historic renown or for distinguished civic or military services such as each State may deem to be worthy of this national commemoration; and when so furnished the same shall be placed in the Old Hall of the House of Representatives, in the Capitol of the United States, which is set apart, or so much thereof as may be necessary, as a national statuary hall for the purpose herein indicated.}}

Originally, all state statues were placed in National Statuary Hall. However, the aesthetic appearance of the Hall began to suffer from overcrowding until, in 1933, the situation became unbearable. At that time the Hall held 65 statues, which stood, in some cases, three deep. More important, the structure of the chamber would not support the weight of any more statues. Therefore, in 1933 Congress passed a resolution that:

{{blockquote|the [[Architect of the Capitol]], upon the approval of the Joint Committee on the Library, with the advice of the Commission of Fine Arts, is hereby authorized and directed to relocate within the Capitol any of the statues already received and placed in Statuary Hall, and to provide for the reception and location of the statues received hereafter from the States.}}

Under authority of this resolution it was decided that only one statue from each state should be placed in Statuary Hall. The others would be given prominent locations in designated areas and corridors of the Capitol. A second rearrangement of the statues was made in 1976 by authorization of the Joint Committee on the Library. To improve the crowded appearance of the collection, thirty-eight statues were rearranged in Statuary Hall according to height and material. Statues representing ten of the thirteen original colonies were moved to the Central Hall of the East Front Extension on the first floor of the Capitol. The remainder of the statues were distributed throughout the Capitol, mainly in the Hall of Columns and the connecting corridors of the House and Senate wings. Legislation was introduced in 2005 that would authorize the collection to include one statue from each U.S. Territory; it did not pass.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.govtrack.us/congress/bills/109/hr4070|title=To permit each of the territories of the United States to provide and furnish a statue honoring a citizen of the territory to be placed in Statuary Hall in the same manner as statues honoring citizens of the States are placed in Statuary Hall. (2005 – H.R. 4070)|website=GovTrack.us|access-date=April 20, 2019|archive-date=November 28, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201128162221/https://www.govtrack.us/congress/bills/109/hr4070|url-status=live}}</ref>

Each statue is the gift of a state, not of an individual or group of citizens. Proceedings for the donation of a statue usually begin in the state legislature with the enactment of a resolution that names the citizen to be commemorated and cites his or her qualifications, specifies a committee or commission to represent the state in selecting the sculptor, and provides for a method of obtaining the necessary funds to carry the resolution into effect. In recent years, the statues have been unveiled during ceremonies in the Rotunda and displayed there for up to six months. They are then moved to a permanent location approved by the Joint Committee on the Library. An act of Congress ({{usc|2|2132}}), enacted in 2000, permits states to provide replacements and repossess the earlier one.

A [http://www.govtrack.us/congress/bill.xpd?bill=h109-4145 special act] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210312181243/https://www.govtrack.us/congress/bills/109/hr4145 |date=March 12, 2021 }} of Congress, {{USPL|109|116}}, signed on December 1, 2005, directed the Joint Committee on the Library to obtain a [[Rosa Parks (National Statuary Hall)|statue]] of [[Rosa Parks]] and to place the statue in the United States Capitol in National Statuary Hall in a suitable permanent location. On February 27, 2013, Parks became the first African-American woman to have her likeness in the Hall.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://abcnews.go.com/Politics/OTUS/rosa-parks-full-bodied-statue-african-american-depicted/story?id=18608892|title=Rosa Parks: First Statue of African-American Female to Grace Capitol|publisher=[[ABC News (United States)|ABC News]]|access-date=February 27, 2013|archive-date=February 24, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210224122729/https://abcnews.go.com/Politics/OTUS/rosa-parks-full-bodied-statue-african-american-depicted/story?id=18608892|url-status=live}}</ref> Though located in Statuary Hall, Parks' statue is ''not'' part of the Collection; neither Alabama (her birth state) nor Michigan (where she lived most of her later years) commissioned it, and both states are represented in the Collection by other statues.

In 2002, Delegate [[Eleanor Holmes Norton]] introduced a bill in Congress to allow the [[Washington, D.C.|District of Columbia]] to place two statues in the collection, in parity with the 50 states. While the bill was not enacted, the district commissioned two statues, one of abolitionist [[Frederick Douglass]], the other of D.C. master planner [[Pierre Charles L'Enfant|Pierre L'Enfant]], and housed them in [[One Judiciary Square]] in hopes of eventually placing them in the Capitol. A 2010 version of the bill to accept D.C.'s statues stalled after House Republicans began adding amendments in an attempt to soften D.C.'s gun laws.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://blogs.weta.org/boundarystones/2014/06/19/first-statue-representing-dc-unveiled-us-capitol|title=First Statue Representing D.C. Unveiled in U.S. Capitol|last=Wexler|first=Ellen|date=June 14, 2014|website=Boundary Stones: WETA's Washington DC History Blog|access-date=April 20, 2019|archive-date=June 10, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200610214217/https://blogs.weta.org/boundarystones/2014/06/19/first-statue-representing-dc-unveiled-us-capitol|url-status=live}}</ref> A 2012 compromise bill led to the placement of the statue of Douglass, but not L'Enfant, on June 19, 2013.<ref name=":3" /> Norton continued to pursue legislation to move the second statue to the Capitol.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://norton.house.gov/media-center/press-releases/as-part-of-her-free-and-equal-dc-series-norton-introduces-bill-to-place|title=As Part of Her 'Free and Equal D.C.' Series, Norton Introduces Bill to Place Pierre L'Enfant Statue in U.S. Capitol|date=July 12, 2017|website=Congresswoman Eleanor Holmes Norton|access-date=April 20, 2019|archive-date=April 20, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190420183057/https://norton.house.gov/media-center/press-releases/as-part-of-her-free-and-equal-dc-series-norton-introduces-bill-to-place|url-status=live}}</ref> The statue of L'Enfant was later placed in the Capitol in February 2022.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Williams |first1=Elliot C. |url=https://dcist.com/story/22/02/07/dc-statue-unveiling-pierre-lenfant-us-capitol-eleanor-holmes-norton/ |title=D.C.'s Second Statue At The U.S. Capitol Will Be Unveiled This Month |access-date=July 28, 2022 |work=[[DCist]] |publisher=WAMU |date=February 7, 2022 |language=en |archive-date=March 4, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220304101809/https://dcist.com/story/22/02/07/dc-statue-unveiling-pierre-lenfant-us-capitol-eleanor-holmes-norton/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

Amid [[Removal of Confederate monuments and memorials|national debates]] about Confederate statues and monuments, Democrats in Congress introduced bills in 2017 to remove statues of people who served in the Confederacy from the National Statuary Hall Collection, but the legislation made no progress.<ref name=":5">{{Cite news|url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/2018/09/19/confederate-statues-remain-u-s-capitol-despite-opposition/1269270002/|title=Controversial Confederate statues remain in U.S. Capitol despite being removed elsewhere|last=Theobald|first=Bill|date=September 19, 2018|work=[[USA Today]]|access-date=April 20, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200225124055/https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/2018/09/19/confederate-statues-remain-u-s-capitol-despite-opposition/1269270002/|archive-date=February 25, 2020|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.politico.com/story/2017/08/15/confederate-statues-washington-241663|title=Confederate statues in U.S. Capitol likely going nowhere|last=Schor|first=Elana|date=August 15, 2017|work=[[Politico]]|access-date=April 20, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200614052018/https://www.politico.com/story/2017/08/15/confederate-statues-washington-241663|archive-date=June 14, 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> Alabama, Florida, Arkansas, and Virginia have passed resolutions to remove statues of individuals with Confederate ties,<ref name=":6">{{Cite news|url=https://www.al.com/birmingham-news-commentary/2009/10/us_capitols_national_statuary.html|title=U.S. Capitol's National Statuary Hall: Curry comes home barely known|date=October 11, 2009|work=[[AL.com]]|access-date=April 22, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190422014527/http://blog.al.com/birmingham-news-commentary/2009/10/us_capitols_national_statuary.html|archive-date=April 22, 2019|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=":4" /><ref name="ARBatesCash" /> although Alabama retained a second statue of a Confederate veteran.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.aoc.gov/art/national-statuary-hall-collection/joseph-wheeler|title=Joseph Wheeler|website=Architect of the Capitol|access-date=April 20, 2019|archive-date=June 11, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160611024224/https://www.aoc.gov/art/national-statuary-hall-collection/joseph-wheeler|url-status=live}}</ref> North Carolina and Arkansas have authorized replacing statues of [[Jim Crow laws|Jim Crow]]-era politicians with racist views.<ref name="ARBatesCash" /><ref name=":5" />

==Demographics==

===Women===
There are fourteen statues of women representing states in the collection:<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://equalvisibilityeverywhere.org/what-we-do/statuary-hall-project/background/the-nine-women-of-statuary-hall/|title=The Nine Women of Statuary Hall : EVE {{!}} Equal Visibility Everywhere|access-date=April 20, 2019|archive-date=April 28, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190428005506/http://equalvisibilityeverywhere.org/what-we-do/statuary-hall-project/background/the-nine-women-of-statuary-hall/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.aoc.gov/explore-capitol-campus/capitol-hill-facts/women-statuary-hall-collection |title=How many women are represented in the National Statuary Hall Collection? |author=<!--Not stated--> |date= |website=aoc.gov |access-date=December 3, 2024}}</ref>
* [[Statue of Frances Willard|Frances E. Willard]] (Illinois), the first statue of a woman in the collection, was also sculpted by a woman, [[Helen Farnsworth Mears]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.aoc.gov/art/national-statuary-hall-collection/frances-e-willard|title=Frances E. Willard|website=Architect of the Capitol|access-date=April 20, 2019|archive-date=May 1, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200501080703/https://www.aoc.gov/art/national-statuary-hall-collection/frances-e-willard|url-status=live}}</ref>
* [[Statue of Helen Keller|Helen Keller]] (Alabama)
* [[Statue of Florence R. Sabin|Florence R. Sabin]] (Colorado)
* [[Statue of Maria Sanford|Maria Sanford]] (Minnesota)
* [[Statue of Jeannette Rankin|Jeannette Rankin]] (Montana), the first woman elected to the House and, famously, the only Member of Congress to vote against U.S. entry into both World Wars.
* [[Statue of Sakakawea (Crunelle)|Sacagawea]] (North Dakota), one of the six [[Native Americans in the United States|Native Americans]] in the collection.
* [[Statue of Sarah Winnemucca|Sarah Winnemucca]] (Nevada), one of the six Native Americans in the collection.
* [[Statue of Mother Joseph|Mother Joseph]] (Washington), a native of [[Canada]].
* [[Statue of Esther Hobart Morris|Esther Hobart Morris]] (Wyoming)
* [[Statue of Mary McLeod Bethune (U.S. Capitol)|Mary McLeod Bethune]] (Florida)<ref>{{cite web|title=Senate Bill 472 Analysis|author=Committee on Rules, Florida Senate|date=January 9, 2018|url=https://www.flsenate.gov/Session/Bill/2018/472/Analyses/2018s00472.rc.PDF|access-date=January 14, 2018|archive-date=August 3, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200803234457/https://www.flsenate.gov/Session/Bill/2018/472/Analyses/2018s00472.rc.PDF|url-status=live}}</ref>
* [[Statue of Amelia Earhart|Amelia Earhart]] (Kansas)
* [[Statue of Willa Cather|Willa Cather]] (Nebraska)<ref name=":2" />
* [[Statue of Daisy Bates|Daisy Bates]] (Arkansas)<ref name="ARBatesCash" />
* [[Statue of Martha Hughes Cannon (Hammond)|Martha Hughes Cannon]] (Utah)<ref name="MHC">{{Cite web |url=https://www.sltrib.com/news/politics/2024/12/12/martha-hughes-cannon-statue-first/ |title=Statue of first woman state senator, elected in Utah, unveiled at U.S. Capitol |last=Stern |first=Emily |date=December 12, 2024 |website=[[The Salt Lake Tribune]] |access-date=December 16, 2024}}</ref>

The [[Statue of Rosa Parks (U.S. Capitol)|statue of Rosa Parks]] in the Capitol does not represent a state and "is not a part of the National Statuary Hall Collection."<ref>{{cite web|title=Rosa Parks|url=https://www.aoc.gov/art/other-statues/rosa-parks|publisher=[[Architect of the Capitol]]|access-date=March 31, 2018|archive-date=April 1, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180401004723/https://www.aoc.gov/art/other-statues/rosa-parks|url-status=live}}</ref> A statue of [[Barbara Rose Johns|Barbara Johns]] (Virginia) has been authorized.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Davis-Marks|first=Isis|title=Statue of Civil Rights Activist Barbara Rose Johns Will Replace U.S. Capitol's Likeness of Robert E. Lee|url=https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/workers-remove-robert-e-lee-statue-us-capitol-building-180976612/|access-date=February 26, 2021|website=Smithsonian Magazine|language=en|archive-date=February 1, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210201221230/https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/workers-remove-robert-e-lee-statue-us-capitol-building-180976612/|url-status=live}}</ref>

===Native Hawaiian and Native American members===
The collection includes statues of Hawaiian king [[Statue of Kamehameha I (U.S. Capitol)|Kamehameha I]] and of six [[Native Americans in the United States|Native Americans]]: [[Popé]] (New Mexico), [[Will Rogers]] (Oklahoma), [[Sequoyah]] (Oklahoma), [[Sacagawea]] (North Dakota), [[Washakie]] (Wyoming), and [[Sarah Winnemucca]] (Nevada). Nebraska has authorized the addition of a statue of Chief [[Standing Bear]],<ref name=":1" /> and Washington has authorized a statue of [[Billy Frank Jr.]]<ref name=":7">{{Cite news|last=Mapes|first=Lynda|date=April 14, 2021|title=Inslee signs into law bill to put statue honoring Billy Frank Jr. in U.S. Capitol|work=Seattle Times|url=https://www.seattletimes.com/seattle-news/inslee-signs-into-law-bill-to-put-statue-honoring-billy-frank-jr-in-u-s-capitol/|access-date=April 15, 2021|archive-date=April 15, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210415002711/https://www.seattletimes.com/seattle-news/inslee-signs-into-law-bill-to-put-statue-honoring-billy-frank-jr-in-u-s-capitol/|url-status=live}}</ref>

===Members of Hispanic descent===
[[Dennis Chávez|Dionisio "Dennis" Chávez]], the first person of Hispanic descent to be elected to a full term in the U.S. Senate, represents New Mexico. Saint [[Junípero Serra]], born in [[Spain]], was a Spanish-era founder of the California mission system.

===African-American members===
In February 2013, a [[Rosa Parks (National Statuary Hall)|statue]] of [[Rosa Parks]] was placed as the first full-length statue of an African American in the Capitol. It did not represent a particular state, but was commissioned directly by Congress.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.aoc.gov/art/other-statues/rosa-parks|title=ROSA PARKS|author=[[Architect of the Capitol]]|access-date=April 24, 2018|archive-date=April 1, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180401004723/https://www.aoc.gov/art/other-statues/rosa-parks|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/blog/2013/02/27/rosa-parks-has-permanent-place-us-capitol|title=Rosa Parks has a Permanent Place in the U.S. Capitol|date=February 27, 2013|website=whitehouse.gov|access-date=April 20, 2019|archive-date=January 7, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210107064149/https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/blog/2013/02/27/rosa-parks-has-permanent-place-us-capitol|url-status=live}}</ref> A few months later, on [[Juneteenth]], 2013, a [[Frederick Douglass (Weitzman)|statue]] of [[Frederick Douglass]] was placed in the Capitol Visitor Center as a gift of the [[Washington, D.C.|District of Columbia]].<ref name=":3">{{Cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/dc-politics/frederick-douglass-statue-unveiled-in-the-capitol/2013/06/19/a64916cc-d906-11e2-a9f2-42ee3912ae0e_story.html|title=Frederick Douglass statue unveiled in the Capitol|last=Pershing|first=Ben|date=June 19, 2013|newspaper=[[The Washington Post]]|access-date=April 19, 2019|archive-date=April 20, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190420014858/https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/dc-politics/frederick-douglass-statue-unveiled-in-the-capitol/2013/06/19/a64916cc-d906-11e2-a9f2-42ee3912ae0e_story.html|url-status=live}}</ref> There are also busts of [[Martin Luther King Jr.]] (1986) and [[Sojourner Truth]] (2009).<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.aoc.gov/capitol-hill/busts/martin-luther-king-jr-bust|title=MARTIN LUTHER KING, JR. BUST|author=[[Architect of the Capitol]]|access-date=April 24, 2018|archive-date=May 2, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200502012046/https://www.aoc.gov/capitol-hill/busts/martin-luther-king-jr-bust|url-status=live}}</ref>

Until 2018, no state had designated an African American as one of its two statues. In March 2018, Florida Governor [[Rick Scott]] signed legislation to replace the [[Statue of Edmund Kirby Smith|statue]] of [[Edmund Kirby Smith]] with one of African American educator and civil rights activist [[Mary McLeod Bethune]].<ref name="Bethune">{{cite news |url=https://www.palmbeachpost.com/news/state--regional-govt--politics/mary-bethune-statue-bill-one-gov-scott-signs-far-this-week/J2ckXPaJkSY1h4VlgI6tzH/ |title=Florida to replace Confederate statue at US Capitol with civil-rights leader |last1=Sexton |first1=Christine |last2=Saunders |first2=Jim |date=March 21, 2018 |work=[[The Palm Beach Post]] |access-date=April 24, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200616170252/https://www.palmbeachpost.com/news/state--regional-govt--politics/mary-bethune-statue-bill-one-gov-scott-signs-far-this-week/J2ckXPaJkSY1h4VlgI6tzH/ |archive-date=June 16, 2020 |url-status=live}}</ref> [[Statue of Mary McLeod Bethune (U.S. Capitol)|The new statue]] was unveiled July 13, 2022.<ref name="BethuneAOC" /> In April 2019, Arkansas also authorized a [[Statue of Daisy Bates|statue]] of [[Daisy Bates (activist)|Daisy Bates]], which was installed in May 2024.<ref name="ARBatesCash" /> In December 2020, Virginia Governor [[Ralph Northam]] announced that the statue of Confederate General [[Robert E. Lee]] would be replaced by a statue of African American civil rights activist [[Barbara Rose Johns|Barbara Johns]].<ref>{{Cite news|first=Leah|last=Asmelash|title=This is the woman whose statue will replace that of Robert E. Lee in the US Capitol|url=https://www.cnn.com/2020/12/21/us/barbara-johns-virginia-statue-capitol-trnd/index.html|access-date=February 26, 2021|website=CNN|archive-date=January 1, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210101044533/https://www.cnn.com/2020/12/21/us/barbara-johns-virginia-statue-capitol-trnd/index.html|url-status=live}}</ref><!-- Since Arkansas decided to replace both its statues simultaneously, it cannot presently be said whether Bates is replacing Uriah Rose or James Clarke. -->

===Catholic clergy and nun===

The collection includes [[Father Damien]] from Hawaiʻi, Father [[Jacques Marquette]] from Wisconsin, Father [[Junipero Serra]] from California, and Father [[Eusebio Kino]] from Arizona, as well as [[Mother Joseph Pariseau]] from Washington.

===Confederates===
The collection contains several statues of leaders of the [[Confederate States of America]].<ref name="Brockell">{{cite news
|title=How statues of Robert E. Lee and other Confederates got into the U.S. Capitol
|first=Gillian
|last=Brockell
|date=August 17, 2017
|newspaper=[[Washington Post]]
|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/retropolis/wp/2017/08/16/how-statues-of-robert-e-lee-and-other-confederates-got-into-the-u-s-capitol/
|access-date=December 4, 2019
|archive-date=March 12, 2021
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210312182342/https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/retropolis/wp/2017/08/16/how-statues-of-robert-e-lee-and-other-confederates-got-into-the-u-s-capitol/
|url-status=live
}}</ref> These include CSA President [[Jefferson Davis]] and Vice President [[Alexander Stephens]] and Confederate soldiers, most in [[Confederate States Army|Confederate Army]] uniforms: Generals [[Joseph Wheeler]], [[James Z. George]], [[Wade Hampton III]], as well as Colonel [[Zebulon Baird Vance]] and former enlisted soldiers [[John E. Kenna (Doyle)|John E. Kenna]] and [[Edward Douglass White]].<ref name="Brockell" />

Alabama replaced its [[Statue of Jabez Lamar Monroe Curry|statue]] of Confederate politician and army officer [[Jabez Curry]] in 2009. In 2018 the Florida legislature voted to replace its [[Statue of Edmund Kirby Smith|statue]] of Confederate general [[Edmund Kirby Smith]] with a [[Statue of Mary McLeod Bethune (U.S. Capitol)|statue]] of African American educator and Civil Rights activist [[Mary McLeod Bethune]]; Smith's statue was removed in 2021 ahead of the unveiling of Bethune's statue in 2022.<ref name="Bethune" /><ref name="BethuneAOC">{{cite web|url=https://www.aoc.gov/explore-capitol-campus/art/mary-mcleod-bethune-statue|title=Dr. Mary McLeod Bethune|author=[[Architect of the Capitol]]|date=July 13, 2022|access-date=July 14, 2022|archive-date=July 20, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220720090136/https://www.aoc.gov/explore-capitol-campus/art/mary-mcleod-bethune-statue|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite tweet |number=1434144627372744705 |user=USRepKCastor |title=Progress! The confederate general that has represented the State of Florida in the U.S. Capitol since the Jim Crow era has left the building, paving the way for a great Floridian who can unite us all: educator and civil rights leader, Dr. Mary McLeod Bethune! |date=September 4, 2021 |bot=TweetCiteBot |first=Kathy |last=Castor |author-link=Kathy Castor}}</ref> In 2019, Arkansas decided to replace both its statues, including the one of Uriah M. Rose, with civil rights activist [[Daisy Bates (activist)|Daisy Bates]] and [[Johnny Cash]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Daisy Bates, Johnny Cash statues headed to U.S. Capitol|date=April 11, 2019|newspaper=[[Arkansas Democrat-Gazette]]|agency=[[The Associated Press]]|url=https://www.arkansasonline.com/news/2019/apr/11/daisy-bates-johnny-cash-statues-headed-us-capitol/|access-date=July 23, 2020|archive-date=April 12, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190412150518/https://www.arkansasonline.com/news/2019/apr/11/daisy-bates-johnny-cash-statues-headed-us-capitol/|url-status=live}}</ref> In 2020, Virginia decided to replace its statue of [[Robert E. Lee]], which had stood in the collection since 1909, with one of [[Barbara Rose Johns|Barbara Rose Johns Powell]] and the Lee statue was removed December 20–21, 2020.<ref>{{cite news|url = https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/virginia-politics/virginias-statue-of-gen-robert-e-lee-removed-from-us-capitol/2020/12/20/07cb9c18-432a-11eb-975c-d17b8815a66d_story.html
 | title = Gen. Robert E. Lee statue removed from U.S. Capitol
 | last = Schneider
 | first = Gregory S.
 | date = December 21, 2020
 | newspaper = [[The Washington Post]]
 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20201221184451/https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/virginia-politics/virginias-statue-of-gen-robert-e-lee-removed-from-us-capitol/2020/12/20/07cb9c18-432a-11eb-975c-d17b8815a66d_story.html
 | archive-date = December 21, 2020
 | url-status = live
 | access-date = December 21, 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Kennedy|first=Merrit|date=December 21, 2020|title=Virginia Removes Its Robert E. Lee Statue From U.S. Capitol|publisher=[[NPR]]|url=https://www.npr.org/2020/12/21/948736896/virginia-removes-its-robert-e-lee-statue-from-u-s-capitol|url-status=live|access-date=December 21, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201221163057/https://www.npr.org/2020/12/21/948736896/virginia-removes-its-robert-e-lee-statue-from-u-s-capitol|archive-date=December 21, 2020}}</ref> A [[Statue of U. M. Rose|statue]] of [[Uriah M. Rose]], "an attorney who sided with the Confederacy" and was the chancellor of [[Pulaski County, Arkansas]], while Arkansas was part of the Confederacy,<ref name="Brockell" /><ref name="ARBatesCash" /><ref>{{cite news
|title=Johnny Cash to replace Confederate statue on Capitol Hill
|first=Colby
|last=Itkowitz
|date=April 17, 2019
|newspaper=[[Washington Post]]
|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/johnny-cash-to-replace-confederate-statue-on-capitol-hill/2019/04/17/27058054-6153-11e9-9412-daf3d2e67c6d_story.html
|access-date=April 18, 2019
|archive-date=March 12, 2021
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210312182338/https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/johnny-cash-to-replace-confederate-statue-on-capitol-hill/2019/04/17/27058054-6153-11e9-9412-daf3d2e67c6d_story.html
|url-status=live
}}</ref> was replaced with a [[Statue of Daisy Bates|statue]] of civil rights activist [[Daisy Bates (activist)|Daisy Bates]].

==Collection==
{{Main|Statues of the National Statuary Hall Collection}}

==Replacement of statues==

A 2000 change in the law allows a state to remove a previously placed statue from the collection and replace it with another.<ref name="guidelines">{{cite web |url=https://www.aoc.gov/sites/default/files/statue_replacement_guidelines_2014.pdf |title=Procedure and Guidelines for Replacement of Statues in the National Statuary Hall Collection |publisher=Architect of the Capitol |date=January 2014 |access-date=October 7, 2015 |archive-date=January 9, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190109223915/https://www.aoc.gov/sites/default/files/statue_replacement_guidelines_2014.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> Since then, thirteen states have replaced statues and other states have either considered or passed legislation calling for replacing one or both of their statues.

===Replacements===

* '''Alabama''' replaced its [[Statue of Jabez Lamar Monroe Curry|statue]] of [[Jabez Curry]] in 2009 with [[Statue of Helen Keller|one]] of [[Helen Keller]]. The Curry statue is now in the Alabama Department of Archives and History in [[Montgomery, Alabama|Montgomery]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=Bains|first=David R.|date=July 9, 2019|title=Remembering Jabez Curry and his Statue at Samford|url=https://chasingchurches.com/2019/07/08/remembering-jabez-curry-and-his-statue-at-samford/|access-date=January 21, 2022|website=Chasing Churches|language=en|archive-date=February 25, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210225203820/https://chasingchurches.com/2019/07/08/remembering-jabez-curry-and-his-statue-at-samford/|url-status=live}}</ref>
* '''Arizona''' replaced its [[Statue of John Campbell Greenway|statue]] of [[John Campbell Greenway]] in 2015 with [[Statue of Barry Goldwater|one]] of [[Barry Goldwater]]. The Greenway statue is now at the Polly Rosenbaum Archives and History Building near the Arizona State Capitol in [[Phoenix, Arizona|Phoenix]].<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.azcentral.com/story/news/arizona/politics/2015/02/11/goldwater-statue-dedicated-national-statuary-hall/23227893/ |title=Goldwater statue dedicated in National Statuary Hall |first=Bill |last=Theobald |newspaper=[[The Arizona Republic]] |location=[[Phoenix, Arizona|Phoenix]] |date=February 11, 2015 |access-date=March 1, 2015 |archive-date=March 12, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210312181902/https://www.azcentral.com/story/news/arizona/politics/2015/02/11/goldwater-statue-dedicated-national-statuary-hall/23227893/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
* '''Arkansas''' replaced its [[Statue of U. M. Rose|statue]] of [[U. M. Rose]] with [[Statue of Daisy Bates|one]] of [[Daisy Bates (activist)|Daisy Bates]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.aoc.gov/explore-capitol-campus/art/daisy-bates-statue|title=Daisy Lee Gatson Bates Statue, U.S. Capitol for Arkansas|work=Architect of the Capitol}}</ref>
* '''Arkansas''' replaced its [[Statue of James Paul Clarke|statue]] of [[James P. Clarke]] with [[Statue of Johnny Cash|one]] depicting musician [[Johnny Cash]].<ref name="ARBatesCash">{{cite news
|title=Daisy Bates, Johnny Cash statues headed to U.S. Capitol
|date=April 11, 2019
|newspaper=[[Arkansas Democrat-Gazette]]
|url=https://www.arkansasonline.com/news/2019/apr/11/daisy-bates-johnny-cash-statues-headed-us-capitol/
|access-date=April 12, 2019
|archive-date=April 12, 2019
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190412150518/https://www.arkansasonline.com/news/2019/apr/11/daisy-bates-johnny-cash-statues-headed-us-capitol/
|url-status=live
}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Simpson |first=Stephen |date=2023-01-01 |title=Arkansas' Bates, Cash statues receive final approvals, ready for bronzing |url=https://www.arkansasonline.com/news/2023/jan/01/arkansas-bates-cash-statues-receive-final/ |access-date=2023-11-06 |website=Arkansas Online |language=en |archive-date=May 30, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230530183135/https://www.arkansasonline.com/news/2023/jan/01/arkansas-bates-cash-statues-receive-final/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
* '''California''' replaced its [[Statue of Thomas Starr King (Sacramento, California)|statue]] of [[Thomas Starr King]] with [[Statue of Ronald Reagan (U.S. Capitol)|one]] of [[Ronald Reagan]] in 2009. The King statue now stands in Capitol Park at the [[California State Capitol]] in [[Sacramento, California|Sacramento]].<ref>{{cite news| title=Thomas Starr King deserves better| url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2009-may-29-oe-cheevers29-story.html| last=Cheevers| first=Jack| date=May 29, 2009| work=[[Los Angeles Times]]| access-date=February 27, 2013| archive-date=March 12, 2021| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210312181243/https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2009-may-29-oe-cheevers29-story.html| url-status=live}}</ref>
* '''Florida''' replaced [[Statue of Edmund Kirby Smith|its statue of Confederate General Edmund Kirby Smith]] with [[Statue of Mary McLeod Bethune (U.S. Capitol)|one]] of the African-American [[civil rights]] activist and educator [[Mary McLeod Bethune]] on July 13, 2022, pursuant to a 2018 state law.<ref name="BethuneAOC" /><ref>''[[Palm Beach Post]]'', March 11, 2018, p. A12.</ref> The Smith statue was to have been moved to the [[Lake County, Florida|Lake County]] Historical Museum in [[Tavares, Florida|Tavares]], after residents of [[St. Augustine, Florida|St. Augustine]], his birthplace, expressed no interest.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.orlandosentinel.com/news/lake/os-lk-lauren-ritchie-confederate-statute-tavares-museum-20180629-story.html |title=Commentary: Statue of Confederate general is no 'piece of art,' has no place in Lake County museum |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200811171054/https://www.orlandosentinel.com/news/lake/os-lk-lauren-ritchie-confederate-statute-tavares-museum-20180629-story.html |archive-date=August 11, 2020 |url-status=dead |work=Orlando Sentinel |access-date=July 2, 2018}}</ref> However, at a County Commission meeting on July 24, 2018, about 24 residents spoke against, and none in favor, of bringing the statue to Lake County. Chairman Sullivan assured the crowd that the commission would tell the Historical Museum "that there is no longer a want or desire to bring this statue to Lake County".'''<ref name=":4">{{cite news |title=Lake County Commission does about-face on confederate statue |date=July 24, 2018 |newspaper=[[Daily Commercial]] |first=Tim |last=McNiff |url=http://www.dailycommercial.com/news/20180724/lake-county-commission-does-about-face-on-confederate-statue |access-date=September 15, 2018 |archive-date=July 29, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180729001827/http://www.dailycommercial.com/news/20180724/lake-county-commission-does-about-face-on-confederate-statue |url-status=live }}</ref>'''
* '''Iowa''' replaced its [[statue of James Harlan]] in 2014 with [[Statue of Norman Borlaug|one]] of [[Norman Borlaug]], who is considered the founder of the [[Green Revolution]].<ref>{{cite news| title=Norman Borlaug enters U.S. Capital's Statuary Hall| url=http://www.desmoinesregister.com/story/news/2014/03/26/norman-borlaug-enters-us-capitols-statuary-hall/6900501/| last=Doering| first=Christopher| date=March 26, 2014| work=[[The Des Moines Register]]| access-date=June 18, 2014| archive-date=March 12, 2021| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210312181219/https://www.desmoinesregister.com/story/news/2014/03/26/norman-borlaug-enters-us-capitols-statuary-hall/6900501/| url-status=live}}</ref> The Harlan statue is now displayed at [[Iowa Wesleyan College]] in [[Mount Pleasant, Iowa]].<ref>{{cite news| title=Harlan statue will move from U.S. Capitol to Mt. Pleasant| url=http://www.radioiowa.com/2013/04/09/harlan-statue-will-move-from-u-s-capitol-to-mt-pleasant/| last=Henderson| first=O. Kay| date=April 9, 2013| publisher=[[Iowa Public Radio]]| access-date=June 18, 2014| archive-date=March 12, 2021| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210312181311/https://www.radioiowa.com/2013/04/09/harlan-statue-will-move-from-u-s-capitol-to-mt-pleasant/| url-status=live}}</ref>
* '''Kansas''' replaced its [[statue of George Washington Glick]] with [[Statue of Dwight D. Eisenhower (U.S. Capitol)|one]] of [[Dwight D. Eisenhower]] in 2003.<ref>{{cite news| title=Capitol statues switched as subjects' fame fades| url=http://www.startribune.com/nation/17113171.html?refer=y| archive-url=https://archive.today/20130411210139/http://www.startribune.com/nation/17113171.html?refer=y| url-status=dead| archive-date=April 11, 2013| last=Holland| first=Judy| work=[[Star Tribune]]| place=[[Minneapolis]]| date=March 29, 2008| access-date=February 27, 2013}}</ref> The Glick statue now resides at the Kansas State Historical Society in Topeka.{{citation needed|date=March 2020}} Almost 20 years later, in 2022, the Kansas legislature approved replacing the [[John James Ingalls (Niehaus)|statue]] of [[John James Ingalls]] with [[Statue of Amelia Earhart|one]] of female aviation pioneer [[Amelia Earhart]] in the same 1999 resolution that authorized replacing their statue of George Washington Glick with one of Eisenhower, but progress on the project was stalled by funding and paperwork delays.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://equalvisibilityeverywhere.org/press-room/press-releases/kansas-to-send-amelia-earhart-to-national-statuary-hall/|title=Kansas to send Amelia Earhart to National Statuary Hall : EVE {{!}} Equal Visibility Everywhere|access-date=April 20, 2019|archive-date=March 29, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190329025324/http://equalvisibilityeverywhere.org/press-room/press-releases/kansas-to-send-amelia-earhart-to-national-statuary-hall/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite news| url=http://cjonline.com/life/connected/2011-03-12/amelias-monument-about-take-flight| title=Amelia's monument about to take flight| last=Biles| first=Jan| work=[[The Topeka Capital-Journal]]| date=March 12, 2011| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121007094155/http://www.cjonline.com/life/connected/2011-03-12/amelias-monument-about-take-flight|archive-date=October 7, 2012|access-date=February 27, 2013}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite news|url=https://www.rollcall.com/news/Capitol-Statues-States-Statuary-Hall-205266-1.html|title=Updating History: the State of Statue Swaps|last=Newhauser|first=Daniel|date=May 2, 2011|access-date=April 20, 2019|archive-date=October 17, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191017050043/http://www.rollcall.com/news/Capitol-Statues-States-Statuary-Hall-205266-1.html|url-status=live}}</ref> The Ingalls statue was replaced overnight on July 26 and the Earhart statue was unveiled on July 27 of the same year.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Romo |first=Vanessa |date=July 27, 2022 |title=Amelia Earhart statue joins the U.S. Capitol's Statuary Hall |work=NPR |url=https://www.npr.org/2022/07/27/1114074975/amelia-earhart-us-capitol-statuary-hall |access-date=July 28, 2022 |archive-date=August 9, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220809145200/https://www.npr.org/2022/07/27/1114074975/amelia-earhart-us-capitol-statuary-hall |url-status=live }}</ref> It is unknown what will happen with the Ingalls statue now.
* '''Michigan''' replaced its [[statue of Zachariah Chandler]] with [[Statue of Gerald Ford|one]] of [[Gerald Ford]] in 2011.<ref>{{cite news| title=Zachariah who? States swap out statues in Capitol hall of fame| url=https://www.latimes.com/world/la-xpm-2011-sep-10-la-na-capitol-statues-20110911-story.html| last=Simon| first=Richard| date=September 10, 2011| work=[[Los Angeles Times]]| access-date=February 27, 2013| archive-date=March 6, 2016| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160306033525/http://articles.latimes.com/2011/sep/10/nation/la-na-capitol-statues-20110911| url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news| title=Gerald Ford honored with statue in U.S. Capitol| url=http://content.usatoday.com/communities/onpolitics/post/2011/05/gerald-ford-statue-dedicated-us-capitol-/1| work=[[USA Today]]| date=May 3, 2011| last=Camia| first=Catalina| access-date=February 27, 2013| archive-date=July 2, 2017| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170702153809/http://content.usatoday.com/communities/onpolitics/post/2011/05/gerald-ford-statue-dedicated-us-capitol-/1| url-status=live}}</ref> The Chandler statue is now in the atrium of Constitution Hall in [[Lansing, Michigan]].<ref>{{cite news| title=Statue swap: Zachariah Chandler comes home to Michigan as Gerald R. Ford heads to U.S. Capitol| url=http://www.mlive.com/politics/index.ssf/2011/04/today_in_statues_zachariah_cha.html| date=April 22, 2011| agency=[[Associated Press]]| work=[[The Grand Rapids Press]]| access-date=February 27, 2013| archive-date=June 27, 2018| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180627202046/https://www.mlive.com/politics/index.ssf/2011/04/today_in_statues_zachariah_cha.html| url-status=live}}</ref>
*'''Missouri:''' In 2002, Governor [[Bob Holden]] signed a resolution to add a [[Statue of Harry S. Truman|statue]] of President [[Harry S. Truman]] to the collection, but nothing happened for years after the state's request to the Architect of the Capitol was improperly filed.<ref name=":0" /> In 2019 a new resolution for a Truman statue passed the state senate and was forwarded to the Missouri House.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.semissourian.com/story/2586211.html|title=Missouri lawmakers are trying again to replace a statue at the U.S. Capitol with one of former President Harry Truman|date=February 7, 2019|work=[[Southeast Missourian]]|agency=[[Associated Press]]|access-date=April 19, 2019|url-access=subscription}}</ref> The [[Harry S. Truman Presidential Library and Museum|Truman Library Institute]] commissioned Kansas City sculptor Tom Corbin to create the statue, with a target completion date of 2020, the 75th anniversary of Truman's [[First inauguration of Harry S. Truman|inauguration]]. It was finally installed in September 2022, replacing the [[Statue of Thomas Hart Benton|statue]] of [[Thomas Hart Benton (politician)|Thomas Hart Benton]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.examiner.net/news/20190417/truman-statue-artist-commssioned|title=Truman statue artist {{as written|comm|ssioned [sic]}}|last=Fox|first=Jeff|date=April 17, 2019|work=[[The Examiner (Missouri)|The Examiner]]|access-date=April 20, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200804124241/https://www.examiner.net/news/20190417/truman-statue-artist-commssioned|archive-date=August 4, 2020|url-status=dead}}</ref> Benton's statue was moved to the [[State Historical Society of Missouri]] in [[Columbia, Missouri|Columbia]].
* '''Nebraska:''' In 2018, the Nebraska legislature passed LB 807, calling for the replacement of both of the state's statues, which date to 1937.'''<ref name=":1" />''' It replaced Its statue of [[William Jennings Bryan]] with [[Statue of Standing Bear|one]] of [[Ponca]] Chief [[Standing Bear]].<ref name=":2">{{Cite news|url=http://www.hastingstribune.com/news/group-commissioning-statue-of-willa-cather-for-statuary-hall/article_4bf84620-3b0c-11e9-b216-db1a6410a0fc.html|title=Group commissioning statue of Willa Cather for Statuary Hall|last=Raun|first=Andy|date=March 1, 2019|work=[[Hastings Tribune]]|access-date=April 20, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200804075842/http://www.hastingstribune.com/news/group-commissioning-statue-of-willa-cather-for-statuary-hall/article_4bf84620-3b0c-11e9-b216-db1a6410a0fc.html|archive-date=August 4, 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> The Standing Bear statue is the work of [[Benjamin Victor (sculptor)|Ben Victor]], who created two similar statues of the chief that were previously installed in Nebraska, and was installed in September 2019.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.yankton.net/community/article_7898adf8-ab3a-11e8-bbd4-cf3857922583.html|title=Standing Bear Statue Looks To The Future For Ponca Tribe|last=Dockendorf|first=Randy|date=August 28, 2018|work=Yankton Daily Press & Dakotan|access-date=April 20, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200804072445/https://www.yankton.net/community/article_7898adf8-ab3a-11e8-bbd4-cf3857922583.html|archive-date=August 4, 2020|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite news|url=https://www.ncnewspress.com/news/20190304/rotary-learns-about-capitol-statue-replacement|title=Rotary learns about Capitol statue replacement|last=Rach|first=Julie|date=March 5, 2019|work=[[Nebraska City News-Press]]|access-date=April 20, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200804083246/https://www.ncnewspress.com/news/20190304/rotary-learns-about-capitol-statue-replacement|archive-date=August 4, 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> The Bryan statue was relocated to the Nebraska National Guard Museum in [[Seward, Nebraska]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.dvidshub.net/news/348239/william-jennings-bryan-statue-finds-new-home-nebraska-national-guard-museum|title=William Jennings Bryan statue finds new home in Nebraska National Guard Museum|last=Crawford|first=Lisa|date=October 18, 2019|website=Defense Visual Information Distribution Service|access-date=January 26, 2020|archive-date=September 20, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200920050617/https://www.dvidshub.net/news/348239/william-jennings-bryan-statue-finds-new-home-nebraska-national-guard-museum|url-status=live}}</ref> In 2023, [[Statue of Willa Cather|a statue]] of author [[Willa Cather]] was installed, replacing a statue of [[Julius Sterling Morton]].<ref name=":8">{{Cite web |date=2023-06-07 |title=Bronze statue of noted American author Willa Cather unveiled in US Capitol |url=https://apnews.com/article/willa-cather-statue-us-capitol-rotunda-nebraska-a9f88f5f057a63db5aa9a1c0600b0475 |access-date=2023-10-08 |website=AP News |language=en |archive-date=November 24, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231124095516/https://apnews.com/article/willa-cather-statue-us-capitol-rotunda-nebraska-a9f88f5f057a63db5aa9a1c0600b0475 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Bonderson |first=Aaron |date=September 15, 2021 |title=Willa Cather Statue for U.S. Capitol Entering Final Casting |url=https://nebraskapublicmedia.org/en/news/news-articles/willa-cather-statue-for-us-capitol-entering-final-casting/ |access-date=2023-10-08 |website=Nebraska Public Media |language=en |archive-date=October 4, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231004034305/https://nebraskapublicmedia.org/en/news/news-articles/willa-cather-statue-for-us-capitol-entering-final-casting/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Its sculptor, Littleton Alston, is the first Black sculptor to create a statue for the National Statuary Hall Collection.<ref name=":8" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=Willa Cather Statue |url=https://www.aoc.gov/explore-capitol-campus/art/willa-cather-statue |website=Architect of the Capitol |access-date=October 8, 2023 |archive-date=June 7, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230607160013/https://www.aoc.gov/explore-capitol-campus/art/willa-cather-statue |url-status=live }}</ref> The Morton statue was relocated to a library in [[Nebraska City, Nebraska]].
* '''North Carolina:''' On October 2, 2015, North Carolina governor [[Pat McCrory]] signed a bill replacing the [[Statue of Charles Brantley Aycock|statue]] of [[Charles Brantley Aycock|Charles Aycock]] with [[Statue of Billy Graham|one]] of Reverend [[Billy Graham]].<ref name="McCrory">{{cite press release| title=Governor McCrory Signs Bill Requesting Statue of Billy Graham be Placed in U.S. Capitol| url=http://governor.nc.gov/press-release/governor-mccrory-signs-bill-requesting-statue-billy-graham-be-placed-us-capitol| date=October 7, 2015| publisher=North Carolina Office of the Governor| access-date=October 8, 2015| archive-date=December 29, 2016| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161229115932/https://governor.nc.gov/press-release/governor-mccrory-signs-bill-requesting-statue-billy-graham-be-placed-us-capitol| url-status=dead}}</ref> However, the replacement was delayed because the statues must represent deceased individuals; Reverend Graham did not die until February 2018.<ref name="guidelines" /> One week after Graham's death, McCrory's successor, [[Roy Cooper]], submitted a formal request for replacement of the Aycock statue.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.newsobserver.com/news/politics-government/politics-columns-blogs/under-the-dome/article202736544.html |title=NC leaders move forward with another honor for Billy Graham: US Capitol statue |first=Brian |last=Murphy |newspaper=[[The News & Observer]] |location=[[Raleigh, North Carolina|Raleigh, NC]] |date=February 28, 2018 |access-date=February 17, 2019 |archive-date=December 7, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201207234607/https://www.newsobserver.com/news/politics-government/politics-columns-blogs/under-the-dome/article202736544.html |url-status=live }}</ref> The North Carolina Statuary Hall Selection Committee issued a request for proposals for the statue indicating a desired completion date of September 2020.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://spectrumlocalnews.com/nc/charlotte/politics/2019/02/22/steps-underway-to-install-billy-graham-statue-in-us-capitol|title=A Year After His Death, Steps Underway to Install Billy Graham Statue in US Capitol|last=Frey|first=Kevin|date=February 21, 2019|publisher=[[Spectrum News 1 North Carolina]]|access-date=April 20, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200804073621/https://spectrumlocalnews.com/nc/charlotte/politics/2019/02/22/steps-underway-to-install-billy-graham-statue-in-us-capitol|archive-date=August 4, 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> The [[Statue of Billy Graham|statue]] of [[Billy Graham]] was installed in [[National Statuary Hall]] in May 2024.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://apnews.com/article/billy-graham-statue-capitol-north-carolina-f09c82dedf4126a929bcd27147dedb8e|title=The late Rev. Billy Graham is immortalized in a statue unveiled at the US Capitol|publisher=Associated Press|access-date=May 16, 2024}}</ref>
* '''Ohio''' replaced its [[statue of William Allen]] with [[Statue of Thomas Edison|one]] of inventor and businessman [[Thomas Edison]] in 2016.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ohiostatuaryhall.org/history/|title=History|publisher=Ohio Statuary Hall Commission|quote=In 2012, the 129th [[Ohio General Assembly]] and [[John Kasich|Governor Kasich]] formalized the public vote to replace Allen with Thomas Edison through passage of HB 487 (section 701.121).|access-date=June 5, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140607000445/http://www.ohiostatuaryhall.org/history/|archive-date=June 7, 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://blog.cleveland.com/metro/2010/08/panel_recommends_thomas_edison.html|title=Panel recommends Thomas Edison statue go in U.S. Capitol|date=August 26, 2010|work=[[The Plain Dealer]]|agency=[[Associated Press]]|access-date=February 27, 2013|place=[[Cleveland]]|archive-date=May 21, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130521164603/http://blog.cleveland.com/metro/2010/08/panel_recommends_thomas_edison.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Allen's statue was returned to his hometown of [[Chillicothe, Ohio|Chillicothe]].<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.dispatch.com/content/stories/local/2016/09/21/thomas-edison-statue-dedicated-in-u-s--capitols-statuary-hall.html |title=Thomas Edison statue dedicated in U.S. Capitol's Statuary Hall |first=Jessica |last=Wehrman |newspaper=[[The Columbus Dispatch]] |date=September 21, 2016 |access-date=February 3, 2017 |archive-date=February 4, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170204011944/http://www.dispatch.com/content/stories/local/2016/09/21/thomas-edison-statue-dedicated-in-u-s--capitols-statuary-hall.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
* '''Utah:''' On April 4, 2018, Governor Gary Herbert signed legislation replacing its [[Statue of Philo Farnsworth|statue]] of [[Philo Farnsworth]] with a statue sculpted by [[Ben Hammond (artist)|Ben Hammond]] of [[Martha Hughes Cannon]], the first woman elected as a [[state senator]] in US history.<ref>{{cite news |last=Weaver |first=Jennifer |date=April 4, 2018 |title=Statue of Dr. Martha Hughes Cannon heads to U.S. Capitol |url=https://kutv.com/news/local/statue-of-dr-martha-hughes-cannon-heads-to-us-capitol |publisher=[[KUTV]] |access-date=September 3, 2018 |archive-date=March 12, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210312182735/https://kutv.com/news/local/statue-of-dr-martha-hughes-cannon-heads-to-us-capitol |url-status=live }}</ref> The statue of Martha Hughes Cannon was installed on December 12, 2024.<ref name="MHC" />

===Replacement pending===
*'''Michigan''' On December 6, 2022, the [[Michigan Legislature]] adopted a resolution to replace the state's [[Statue of Lewis Cass|statue]] of [[Lewis Cass]] with a statue of [[Coleman Young]], the first Black mayor of [[Detroit]].<ref>{{cite web|last=Burr|first=Alyssa|url=https://www.mlive.com/politics/2022/12/statue-of-detroits-first-black-mayor-set-to-replace-cass-statue-in-us-capitol.html|title=Statue of Detroit’s first Black mayor set to replace Cass statue in U.S. Capitol|publisher=[[MLive]]|access-date=December 17, 2024|archive-date=December 7, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221207232049/https://www.mlive.com/politics/2022/12/statue-of-detroits-first-black-mayor-set-to-replace-cass-statue-in-us-capitol.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
*'''Virginia:''' A state commission suggested to the Governor to replace Virginia's [[Robert E. Lee (Valentine)|statue]] of [[Robert E. Lee]] with one of civil rights activist [[Barbara Johns]] in December 2020.<ref>{{cite news| url = https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/virginia-politics/barbara-johns-lee-statue-capitol/2020/12/16/68d39534-3fcd-11eb-8db8-395dedaaa036_story.html| title = Virginia commission chooses civil rights leader Barbara Johns to replace Robert E. Lee statue in U.S. Capitol - The Washington Post| newspaper = [[The Washington Post]]| access-date = December 17, 2020| archive-date = March 12, 2021| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20210312182730/https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/virginia-politics/barbara-johns-lee-statue-capitol/2020/12/16/68d39534-3fcd-11eb-8db8-395dedaaa036_story.html| url-status = live}}</ref> The statue of Lee was removed on December 21, 2020.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Pietsch|first=Bryan|date=December 22, 2020|title=Robert E. Lee Statue Is Removed From U.S. Capitol|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/12/21/us/robert-e-lee-statue-us-capitol.html|access-date=December 22, 2020|issn=0362-4331|archive-date=December 23, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201223004336/https://www.nytimes.com/2020/12/21/us/robert-e-lee-statue-us-capitol.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Robert E. Lee statue removed from U.S. Capitol|url=https://www.nbcnews.com/news/us-news/robert-e-lee-statue-removed-u-s-capitol-n1251925|access-date=December 22, 2020|website=NBC News|date=December 21, 2020 |language=en|archive-date=March 2, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210302124629/https://www.nbcnews.com/news/us-news/robert-e-lee-statue-removed-u-s-capitol-n1251925|url-status=live}}</ref> The statue will be sculpted by [[Steven Weitzman (sculptor)|Steven Weitzman]] and is expected to be installed in 2025.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Stewart |first=Ian M. |date=2023-01-04 |title=Barbara Rose Johns statue design unveiled |url=https://www.vpm.org/news/2023-01-04/barbara-rose-johns-statue-design-unveiled |access-date=2023-11-06 |website=VPM |language=en |archive-date=December 8, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231208045524/https://www.vpm.org/news/2023-01-04/barbara-rose-johns-statue-design-unveiled |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.vpm.org/news/2024-12-27/barbara-johns-statue-2025-civil-rights-steven-weitzman |title=
New Barbara Rose Johns statue to be unveiled in 2025 |last=McGibbon |first=Adrienne |date=December 27, 2024 |website=[[VPM Media Corporation|VPM]] |access-date=March 15, 2025}}</ref>
*'''Washington''': Governor Jay Inslee signed a bill in April 2021 that starts the process to replace Washington's [[Marcus Whitman]] statue with one of [[Billy Frank Jr.|Billy Frank Jr]].<ref name=":7" /> The design of the new statue, created by [[Hai Ying Wu]], was unveiled in January 2024, and is expected to be installed in 2025.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://washingtonstatestandard.com/2024/01/10/design-unveiled-for-billy-frank-jr-statue-that-will-be-displayed-at-u-s-capitol/ |title=Design unveiled for Billy Frank Jr. statue that will be displayed at U.S. Capitol |last=Demkovich |first=Laurel |date=January 10, 2024 |website=[[Washington State Standard]] |access-date=March 15, 2025}}</ref>

===Considered for replacement===
* '''California:''' A resolution to replace California's [[Statue of Junípero Serra (U.S. Capitol)|statue]] of [[Junípero Serra]] with one of astronaut [[Sally Ride]] passed the state senate in April 2015,<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.sandiegouniontribune.com/news/politics/sdut-sally-ride-statue-approved-california-senate-2015apr13-story.html|title=Senate barely approves Sally Ride statue|last=Nichols|first=Chris|date=April 13, 2015|work=[[San Diego Union-Tribune]]|access-date=April 20, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200804100444/https://www.sandiegouniontribune.com/news/politics/sdut-sally-ride-statue-approved-california-senate-2015apr13-story.html|archive-date=August 4, 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> but the vote in the state assembly was placed on hold as the date for Serra's canonization as a saint approached.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.latimes.com/local/political/la-me-ln-resolution-to-replace-junipero-serra-statue-put-on-hold-20150702-story.html|title=Resolution to replace Junipero Serra statue in U.S. Capitol put on hold|last=Chirbas|first=Kurt|date=July 2, 2015|work=[[Los Angeles Times]]|access-date=April 20, 2019|archive-date=February 11, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210211014044/https://www.latimes.com/local/political/la-me-ln-resolution-to-replace-junipero-serra-statue-put-on-hold-20150702-story.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.latimes.com/local/political/la-me-pc-cal-senate-supports-swapping-sally-ride-statue-for-junipero-serra-20150413-story.html |title=State Senate calls for swapping Father Serra statue with one of Sally Ride |first=Patrick |last=McGreevy |newspaper=[[Los Angeles Times]] |date=April 13, 2015 |access-date=April 14, 2015 |archive-date=February 25, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210225012216/https://www.latimes.com/local/political/la-me-pc-cal-senate-supports-swapping-sally-ride-statue-for-junipero-serra-20150413-story.html |url-status=live }}<br />{{cite news |last=Finley |first=Allysia |date=June 4, 2014 |title=The Political Assault on California's Saint |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/the-political-assault-on-californias-saint-1433459931 |newspaper=[[The Wall Street Journal]] |access-date=June 5, 2015 |quote=The state Assembly and Gov. Brown would still need to OK the statue swap, which doesn’t appear to be a legislative priority for either. |archive-date=November 8, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201108092352/https://www.wsj.com/articles/the-political-assault-on-californias-saint-1433459931 |url-status=live }}</ref> Governor [[Jerry Brown]] declared in July 2015 that the Serra statue would stay in the Capitol "until the end of time."<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.sandiegouniontribune.com/news/politics/sdut-gov-brown-serra-statue-not-going-anywhere-2015jul25-story.html|title=Gov. Brown: Serra statue not going anywhere|last=Smolens|first=Michael|date=July 25, 2015|work=[[San Diego Union-Tribune]]|access-date=April 20, 2019|archive-date=February 25, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210225093852/https://www.sandiegouniontribune.com/news/politics/sdut-gov-brown-serra-statue-not-going-anywhere-2015jul25-story.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
* '''New Jersey:''' A bill to replace New Jersey's [[Statue of Philip Kearny|statue]] of [[Philip Kearny]] with one of suffragist [[Alice Paul]] passed the state Senate on February 10, 2020.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nj.com/hudson/2020/02/bill-to-replace-kearny-statue-at-us-capitol-passes-nj-senate-angering-residents.html|title=Bill to replace Kearny statue at U.S. Capitol passes N.J. Senate, angering residents|last=D'Auria|first=Peter|date=February 10, 2020|work=[[NJ.com]]|access-date=February 13, 2020|archive-date=October 17, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201017004051/https://www.nj.com/hudson/2020/02/bill-to-replace-kearny-statue-at-us-capitol-passes-nj-senate-angering-residents.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

===Rejected replacements===
* '''Maryland''': In 2011, a citizens' petition was rejected by the [[Maryland General Assembly]]. The petition requested that a statue of [[Harriet Tubman]] replace [[John Hanson]], the 1781 President of the Continental Congress and a merchant slaveholder.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Doss|first=Erika|date=2012|title=Women Warrior Memorials and Issues of Gender in Contemporary American Public Art|journal=Public Art Dialogue|volume=2|issue=2|pages=190–214|doi=10.1080/21502552.2012.717761|s2cid=155018857}}</ref>

==See also==
* [[Hall of Fame for Great Americans]]
* [[List of artwork at the United States Capitol complex]]
* [[United States Capitol art]]
* [[United States Senate Vice Presidential Bust Collection]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons category}}
* [http://www.aoc.gov/cc/art/nsh/index.cfm Aoc.gov: Official National Statuary Hall Collection website]
* [http://www.aoc.gov/cc/art/nsh/nsh_coll_origin.cfm Aoc.gov: The origins of the National Statuary Hall Collection] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120915223306/http://www.aoc.gov/cc/art/nsh/nsh_coll_origin.cfm |date=September 15, 2012 }}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20150626131458/https://www.visitthecapitol.gov/sites/default/files/documents/content/brochure/2759/guide-state-statuesenhr.pdf Guide to State Statues in the National Statuary Hall Collection]
* [http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/misc/R41857.pdf Fas.org: "The National Statuary Hall: assignment, use, and historic events"] – ''from the [[Congressional Research Service]]''.

{{National Statuary Hall Collection|state=expanded}}
{{Washington DC landmarks}}
{{United States Capitol Complex|state=collapsed}}
{{Coord|38|53|23|N|77|00|32|W|display = title}}

[[Category:National Statuary Hall Collection| ]]
[[Category:Sculpture collections]]
[[Category:Sculptures in Washington, D.C.]]
[[Category:Statues in Washington, D.C.]]