Editing Natolin Palace and Park Complex

{{Infobox park
| name = Natolin Palace and Park Complex
| photo = Palac Potockich w Natolinie 01.jpg
| photo_width = 300
| photo_caption = Potocki Palace.
| type = Municipal
| location = [[Warsaw]]
| coords = 
| area = 105 [[Hectare|ha]]<ref>{{cite web |url = http://www.wilanow.pl/strona,56,ochrona_przyrody,2,9.html |title = Formy ochrony przyrody |work = wilanow.pl |access-date = 2008-02-18 |language = pl |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080210112059/http://www.wilanow.pl/strona,56,ochrona_przyrody,2,9.html |archive-date = 2008-02-10 |url-status = dead }}</ref>
| created = 2006<ref name="gazeta">{{cite web  |author = Tomasz Urzykowski |url = http://miasta.gazeta.pl/warszawa/1,34862,3151001.html |title = Park Natoliński otworzy się dla zwiedzających |work = wilanow.pl |date = February 7, 2006|access-date = 2008-02-18|language=pl}}</ref>
| operator = 
| visitation_num = 
| status = open 2 days a week<ref name="gazeta" />
}}
[[File:Natolin - Swiatynia Dorycka.jpg|thumb|right|200px|Doric Temple.]]

The '''Natolin Palace and Park Complex''' ([[Polish language|Polish]]: ''Zespół pałacowo-parkowy w Natolinie''), also known as the
'''Natolin Park''' ([[Polish language|Polish]]: ''Park Natoliński'') is a historic [[park]] and [[nature reserve]] (1.2 km<sup>2</sup>) on the southern edge of [[Warsaw]], [[Poland]], in the [[Natolin, Warsaw|Natolin]] residential neighborhood. It contains the Potocki Palace.

==History==

===Park and palace===
The history of Natolin begins at end of the 17th century, when the King of Poland [[John III Sobieski]] started the construction of a royal [[zoological garden]] in the village of Natolin.<ref name="natolin">{{cite web  |url = http://www.natolin.edu.pl/english/historia.html |title = History of Natolin |work = natolin.edu.pl |access-date = 2008-02-18}}</ref> It was a part of his royal residence of [[Wilanów]] and also served as a hunting lodge. In early 1730s his successor, King [[August II the Strong]], reformed the garden into a [[pheasant]] breeding and hunting area. The place was thus called Bażantarnia&nbsp;– Pheasantry. With time the former royal grounds were passed to the mighty [[Czartoryski family]]. In 1780 Prince [[August Aleksander Czartoryski|August Czartoryski]] built on the spot his new summer residence.<ref name="natolin" /> Located in dense forests on the escarpment of the [[Vistula]] River, the new [[classicism|classicist]] palace was designed by a renowned contemporary architect [[Szymon Bogumił Zug]] while the internal design was prepared by [[Vincenzo Brenna]].<ref name="natolin" /> The palace featured a distinctive half-open salon, with a view on the forest below the escarpment.

[[File:Natolin - pomnik-sarkofag Natalii Sanguszkowej.jpg|thumb|left|Sarcophagus and monument to Natalia Sanguszkowa, ''née'' Potocka.]]

In late 18th century the [[Wilanów]] estate, including the grounds around the Pheasantry, passed on to son-in-law of [[Izabela Lubomirska]], [[Stanisław Kostka Potocki]]. After the [[Partitions of Poland]], in 1806, Potocki started an extensive modernization of the palace and the park. The Pheasantry was also renamed to its modern name of Natolin in honor of the Potocki's granddaughter, [[Natalia Potocka]] (born 1807).<ref name="natolin" /> The palace's reconstruction included rebuilding of the facade and the courtyard elevation, as well as notable changes in the internal design and decorations. The new design was created by another of Poland's notable architects of the epoch, [[Chrystian Piotr Aigner]], though some of the changes are attributed to Potocki himself.

The paintings inside the palace were replaced with [[stucco]]s by [[Wirgiliusz Bauman]]. Significant changes were also applied to the surrounding park, which was converted from a typical classicist French park into a picturesque and then-popular [[Landscape Park (protected area)|landscape park]]. The park was also extended to include some [[romanticism|romantic]] buildings and sculptures such as the ''Holendernia'' built between 1812 and 1814 by Aigner or two guard houses, modelled after medieval castles, built in 1832. The palace itself was also extended to include buildings that made it a full-time residence rather than a summer resort. Among the buildings added were the [[stable]]s, a residential annex and a coach house. A small [[Gothic revival]] chapel was also built opposite the ''Holendernia'' and a newly built monument modelled after the so-called [[Neron (DC comics)|Neron]]'s Sarcophagus and [[Jean-Jacques Rousseau]]'s tomb in Paris.

The Alexander Potocki's death ended the splendid period of developments of Natolin. The next administrators of estate, son August and the daughter-in-law Alexandra did not maintain the property so Natolin began to fall into decline. The palace and park were used only occasionally, mainly as temporary accommodation for owners'  relatives.

In the first half of the 20th century Natolin passed to the [[Branicki (Korczak) family|Branicki]] family. During [[World War II]] Natolin suffered further. At time of [[Warsaw Uprising]] it underwent an almost total destruction.<ref name="natolin" /> In 1945 Natolin was nationalized and given to the [[National Museum in Warsaw]], later becoming the residence of President of Polish Republic.<ref name="natolin" /> In 1991, decision was made to locate a branch of the [[College of Europe]] Natolin. As a result, funds became available to gradually restore the park and the palace. In the same year a part of the park (nearly 1&nbsp;km<sup>2</sup>) was declared a nature reserve. Since 1994 it is the site of one of the two [[College of Europe]] campuses.

==See also==
* [[Wilanów]]
* [[Wilanów Palace]]
* [[Łazienki Park]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{commons category|Natolin Palace}}
* [http://www.natolin.edu.pl/english/index.html Natolin European Centre]
* [http://www.coleurope.eu College of Europe]
* {{in lang|pl}} [https://web.archive.org/web/20080229124446/http://www.sztuka.net.pl/palio/html.run?_Instance=www.sztuka.net.pl&_PageID=62&_CheckSum=1019103011 Natolin]

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{{Parks in Warsaw}}
[[Category:Parks in Warsaw]]
[[Category:Palaces in Warsaw]]
[[Category:Neoclassical architecture in Warsaw]]
[[Category:Ursynów]]
[[Category:Potocki family residences]]