Editing Neil MacGregor

{{Short description|British art historian (born 1946)}}
{{about|the museum director Neil MacGregor|similarly named people|Neil McGregor (disambiguation)}}
{{EngvarB|date=August 2014}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2023}}
{{Infobox person
| name             = Neil MacGregor
| honorific suffix = {{postnominals|country=GBR|OM|AO|FSA|size=100%}}
| image            = Neil MacGregor, Bill Bryson, Claire Walker, Huw Edwards (28449155987) (Neil MacGregor cropped).jpg
| caption          = MacGregor in 2018
| birth_name       = Robert Neil MacGregor
| birth_date       = {{birth date and age|df=yes|1946|6|16}}
| birth_place      = [[Glasgow]], Scotland
| education        = [[The Glasgow Academy]], Scotland
| alma_mater       = [[New College, Oxford]]<br>[[École Normale Supérieure]]<br>[[University of Edinburgh Law School|University of Edinburgh]]<br>[[Courtauld Institute of Art]]
| occupation       = Art historian and museum director
}}

'''Robert Neil MacGregor''' (born 16 June 1946) is a British [[art historian]] and former museum director. He was editor of the ''[[The Burlington Magazine|Burlington Magazine]]'' from 1981 to 1987, then Director of the [[National Gallery]], London, from 1987 to 2002, [[Director of the British Museum]] from 2003 to 2015,<ref>theguardian.com 8 April 2015</ref> and founding director of the [[Humboldt Forum]] in Berlin until 2018.<ref name="humboldtforum-bio">{{cite web |url=https://www.humboldtforum.org/en/magazine/author/neil-macgregor-en/ |title = Neil MacGregor {{!}} Humboldt Forum}}</ref>

==Biography==
Neil MacGregor was born in [[Glasgow]] to two medical doctors, Alexander and Anna MacGregor. He was educated at [[Glasgow Academy]] and then read modern languages at [[New College, Oxford]], where he is now an honorary fellow.

The period that followed was spent studying philosophy at the [[École Normale Supérieure]] in Paris (coinciding with the [[May 1968 events in France|events of May 1968]]), and as a law student at [[Edinburgh University]], where he received the Green Prize. Despite being called to the bar in 1972, MacGregor next decided to take an art history degree. The following year, on a [[Courtauld Institute of Art|Courtauld Institute]] ([[University of London]]) summer school in Bavaria, the Courtauld's director [[Anthony Blunt]] spotted MacGregor and persuaded him to take a master's degree under his supervision.<ref name="Carter">{{cite news
  | title      = Spy who came in from the Courtauld
  | first      = Miranda
  | last       = Carter
  | url        = https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/books/news/spy-who-came-in-from-the-courtauld-616315.html
  | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20081204095050/http://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/books/news/spy-who-came-in-from-the-courtauld-616315.html
  | url-status = dead
  | archive-date = 4 December 2008
| work       = [[The Independent]]
  | date       = 8 November 2001
| access-date = 12 August 2009
| location   = London
}}</ref> Blunt later considered MacGregor "the most brilliant pupil he ever taught".<ref name="Adams">{{cite news
  | title      = His place in history
  | first      = Tim
  | last       = Adams
  | url        = http://education.guardian.co.uk/museums/story/0,,973646,00.html
  | work       = [[The Observer]]
  | date       = 8 June 2003
| access-date = 18 July 2009
| location   = London
}}</ref>

From 1975 to 1981, MacGregor taught History of Art and Architecture at the [[University of Reading]]. He left to assume the editorship of ''[[The Burlington Magazine]]''. He oversaw the transfer of the magazine from the [[The Thomson Corporation|Thomson Corporation]] to an independent not-for-profit company with charitable status.<ref>{{cite web |publisher=[[National Portrait Gallery (United Kingdom)|National Portrait Gallery]] |title=(Robert) Neil MacGregor |url=http://www.npg.org.uk/collections/search/person.php?LinkID=mp59851 |access-date=6 February 2011}}</ref>

===Directorship of the National Gallery===
In 1987 MacGregor became director of the [[National Gallery]] in London. During his directorship, MacGregor presented three [[BBC]] television series on art: ''Painting the World'' in 1995, ''Making Masterpieces'', a behind-the-scenes tour of the National Gallery, in 1997 and ''Seeing Salvation'', on the representation of Jesus in western art, in 2000. He declined the offer of a knighthood in 1999, the first director of the National Gallery to do so.<ref name="Campbell-Johnson"/>

===Directorship of the British Museum===
[[File:Neil MacGregor (5201330446).jpg|thumb|upright=1.4|right|MacGregor in front of a British Museum display on [[Sutton Hoo]] in 2010]]
MacGregor was made director of the [[British Museum]] in August 2002, at a time when that institution was £5 million in deficit. He has been lauded for his "diplomatic" approach to the post, though MacGregor rejects this description, stating that "diplomat is conventionally taken to mean the promotion of the interests of a particular state and that is not what we are about at all".<ref name="Campbell-Johnson">{{cite news
  | title      = Briton of the Year: Neil MacGregor
  | first      = Rachel
  | last       = Campbell-Johnson
  | url        = http://entertainment.timesonline.co.uk/tol/arts_and_entertainment/visual_arts/article5400493.ece?token=null&offset=0&page=1
  | work       = [[The Times]]
  | date       = 27 December 2008
| access-date = 18 July 2009
| location   = London
}}{{dead link|date=September 2024|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref>

His tenure included exhibitions that were more provocative than the museum had previously shown and some told stories from perspectives that were less Eurocentric than previously, including a project about the Muslim [[Hajj]]. He sparked debate with his claim that the ancient [[Achaemenid Empire|Persian empire]] was greater than [[Ancient Greece]].<ref>Jonathan Jones, [https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/jonathanjonesblog/2015/apr/08/neil-macgregor-british-museum-legacy-future-challenge Neil MacGregor saved the British Museum. It’s time to reinvent it again], the Guardian, 8 April 2015.</ref>

In 2010, MacGregor presented a series on [[BBC Radio 4]] and the [[BBC World Service|World Service]] entitled ''[[A History of the World in 100 Objects]]'', based on one hundred artefacts held in the British Museum's collection.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.pbs.org/newshour/bb/entertainment/july-dec11/100objects_11-07.html |title=The Story of Humanity Told Through '100 Objects' |date=7 November 2011 |work=[[PBS NewsHour]] |publisher=[PBS] |access-date=6 May 2012 |archive-date=6 May 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120506000431/http://www.pbs.org/newshour/bb/entertainment/july-dec11/100objects_11-07.html |url-status=dead }}</ref>

From September 2010 to January 2011 the British Museum lent the ancient Persian [[Cyrus Cylinder]] to an exhibition in Tehran, Iran. This was seen by at least a million visitors on the Museum's estimation, more than any loan exhibition to the United Kingdom had attracted since the ''Treasures of Tutankhamun'' exhibition in 1972.<ref>{{cite news
  | first      = Ben
  | last       = Hoyle
  | title      = Negotiations over first bill of rights allows access to Ahmedinejad regime
  | url        = http://www.theaustralian.com.au/news/world/negotiations-over-first-bill-of-rights-allows-access-to-ahmedinejad-regime/story-e6frg6so-1226040786431
  | work       = The Times (Syndicated in The Australian)
  | date       = 18 April 2008
| access-date = 19 April 2011
}}</ref>

Holding tenure when the [[Acropolis Museum]] in Athens was completed, MacGregor followed previous Directors in arguing against returning the sculptures from the [[Parthenon]] (the "[[Elgin Marbles]]") to Greece.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thetimes.com/comment/register/article/neil-macgregor-there-is-no-possibility-of-putting-the-elgin-marbles-back-0j2lpv5mff5|title=Neil MacGregor: 'There is no possibility of putting the Elgin Marbles back'|newspaper=[[The Times]]|date=7 November 2014|access-date=20 August 2018}}</ref> A poll in 2014 suggested that more British people (37%) supported the marbles' restoration to Greece than opposed it (23%).<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://yougov.co.uk/news/2014/10/18/british-people-tend-want-elgin-marbles-returned/|title=British people tend to want Elgin marbles returned|newspaper=Yougov.co.uk|date=18 October 2014|access-date=24 June 2018}}</ref>
MacGregor argued that it is the British Museum's duty to "preserve the universality of the marbles, and to protect them from being appropriated as a nationalistic political symbol",<ref>{{cite news
  | title      = Greek government unveils new home for Elgin Marbles
  | first      = Andrew
  | last       = Pierce
  | author-link = Andrew Pierce
  | url        = https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/europe/greece/5304133/Greek-government-unveils-new-home-for-Elgin-Marbles.html
  | work       = [[The Daily Telegraph]]
  | date       = 11 May 2009
| access-date = 4 November 2014
| location   = London
}}</ref> and that "there is no legal system in Europe that would challenge the [British Museum's] legal title" to the works.<ref>{{cite magazine
  | title      = A Talk: With Neil MacGregor
  | first      = Richard
  | last       = Lacayo
  | url        = https://entertainment.time.com/2007/11/05/a_talk_with_neil_macgregor/
  | magazine   = [[Time (magazine)|Time]]
  | date       = 5 November 2007
| access-date = 4 November 2014
}}</ref> The legal basis of various [[Ottoman Empire|Ottoman]] documents, now lost, to which the British Museum has traditionally appealed in order to claim ownership of the sculptures is disputed.<ref>{{cite journal|author1=David Rudenstein|title=Did Elgin Cheat at Marbles?|journal=Nation|date=29 May 2000|volume=270|issue=21|page=30|quote=Yet no researcher has ever located this Ottoman document and when l was in Istanbul I searched in vain for it or any copy of it, or any reference to it in other sorts of documents or a description of its substantive terms in any related official papers. Although a document of some sort may have existed, it seems to have vanished into thin air, despite the fact the Ottoman archives contain an enormous number of similar documents from the period.}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.parthenon.newmentor.net/illegal.htm|title=WAS THE REMOVAL OF THE MARBLES ILLEGAL? |author=Professor Vassilis Demetriades|work=newmentor.net}}</ref> Under the directorship of MacGregor, the Museum rejected [[UNESCO]] mediation.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.archaeology.wiki/blog/2013/10/04/unesco-letter-to-british-government-for-the-return-of-parthenons-marbles/|title=UNESCO sent letter to British Government for the return of Parthenon's Marbles |publisher=UNESCO |date=4 October 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141019111639/http://www.iemc-unesco.org/unesco-letter-to-british-government-for-the-return-of-parthenons-marbles/ |archive-date=19 October 2014 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite conference|url=http://www.unesco.org/new/fileadmin/MULTIMEDIA/HQ/CLT/19_ICPRCP_Recommendations_en_final.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141123173044/http://www.unesco.org/new/fileadmin/MULTIMEDIA/HQ/CLT/19_ICPRCP_Recommendations_en_final.pdf|archive-date=23 November 2014|conference=INTERGOVERNMENTAL COMMITTEE FOR PROMOTING THE RETURN OF CULTURAL PROPERTY TO ITS COUNTRIES OF ORIGIN OR ITS RESTITUTION IN CASE OF ILLICIT APPROPRIATION, 19th session|title=... takes note that the United Kingdom has not yet written back to UNESCO|publisher=UNESCO|date=1–2 October 2014|page=5|id=ICPRCP/14/19.COM/8}}</ref>

In January 2008, MacGregor was appointed chairman of the World Collections programme, for training international curators at British museums.<ref>{{cite web
 |title      = Neil Macgregor to chair 'World collections programme', to share British cultural excellence with Africa and Asia
 |url        = http://www.gov-news.org/gov/uk/news/neil_macgregor_chair_39world_collections/42766.html
 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110726125609/http://www.gov-news.org/gov/uk/news/neil_macgregor_chair_39world_collections/42766.html
 |url-status   = usurped
 |archive-date = 26 July 2011
|work       = United Kingdom Government News
 |date       = 18 January 2008
|access-date = 6 February 2011
}}</ref> The exhibition ''The First Emperor'', focussing on [[Qin Shi Huang]] and including a small number of his [[Terracotta Army|Terracotta Warriors]], was mounted in 2008 in the [[British Museum Reading Room]]. That year MacGregor was invited to succeed [[Philippe de Montebello]] as the Director of the [[Metropolitan Museum of Art]] in New York. He declined the offer as the Metropolitan charges its visitors for entry and is thus "not a public institution".<ref name="Campbell-Johnson" />

As of 2015, MacGregor was paid a salary of between £190,000 and £194,999 by the British Museum, making him one of the 328 most highly paid people in the British public sector at that time.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/492289/150K_senior_salaries.csv/preview|title=Senior officials 'high earners' salaries as at 30 September 2015 – GOV.UK|date=17 December 2015|website=www.gov.uk|access-date=13 March 2016|archive-date=4 May 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190504113001/https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/492289/150K_senior_salaries.csv/preview|url-status=dead}}</ref> MacGregor retired from the post in December 2015 and was succeeded in spring 2016 by [[Hartwig Fischer]], till then the director of the [[Staatliche Kunstsammlungen Dresden |Staatliche Kunstsammlungen Dresden (''"Dresden State Art Collections"'')]].<ref>{{cite news
| title = Hartwig Fischer confirmed as British Museum director
| url = https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-34389372
| work = BBC News
| date = 29 September 2015
| access-date = 3 May 2016
}}</ref>

===Directorship of the Humboldt Forum===
[[File:Le projet Humboldt-Forum (Berlin) (6087765939).jpg|thumb|upright=1.4|Model of the rebuilt [[Berlin Palace]], home of the [[Humboldt Forum]]]]
On 8 April 2015, MacGregor announced his retirement as Director of the British Museum.<ref>{{cite web| url = https://news.artnet.com/people/british-museum-director-neil-macgregor-resigns-286119| title = British Museum Director Neil MacGregor To Step Down at the End of the Year| author = Hili Perlson| date = 8 April 2015| access-date = 12 January 2017| publisher = artnet.com
}}</ref> It was announced that MacGregor would become founding director and head of the management committee of the [[Humboldt Forum]] in Berlin, and that he would make recommendations to the German government on how the future museum could draw on the resources of the Berlin collections to "become a place where different narratives of world cultures can be explored and debated". Archaeologist [[Hermann Parzinger]] and art historian [[Horst Bredekamp]] were the co-directors of the management committee.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.humboldtforum.com/en/pages/founding-directors/ |title=Founding Directors |access-date=13 June 2017 |archive-date=29 June 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170629184229/http://humboldtforum.com/en/pages/founding-directors/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name=guardian2015-04-10>{{Cite web|title = Appointment of Neil MacGregor as head of Humboldt Forum silences critics|url = https://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/apr/10/appointment-of-neil-macgregor-as-head-of-humboldt-forum-silences-critics|website = the Guardian|access-date = 12 January 2017|first1 = Ben|last1 = Knight|first2 = Mark|last2 = Brown| date=10 April 2015 }}</ref>

One of MacGregor's proposals was to make admission to the museum free of charge, based on the model of the British Museum.<ref>[http://theartnewspaper.com/news/museums/berlin-s-ambitious-humboldt-forum-to-explore-world-nature-and-cultures-/ Neil MacGregor unveils plans for Berlin’s ambitious Humboldt Forum]</ref> In 2018, MacGregor left the post.<ref name="humboldtforum-bio"/>

==Media projects==
MacGregor has made many programmes for British television and radio. In the year 2000, he presented on television ''Seeing Salvation'', about how Jesus had been depicted in famous paintings. More recently, he has made important contributions on [[BBC Radio 4]], including ''[[A History of the World in 100 Objects]]'' and, in 2012, a series of fifteen-minute programmes after ''[[The World at One]]'' called ''Shakespeare's Restless World'', discussing themes in the plays of [[William Shakespeare]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Shakespeare's Restless World |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/radio4/features/shakespeares-restless-world/ |work=BBC Radio 4 |access-date=26 July 2012}}</ref>

In September 2014 UK domestic transmission started of his similarly formatted  series ''Germany: Memories of a Nation'' on BBC Radio 4, with a major supporting exhibition at the British Museum. This series did not limit itself to physical objects but places of memory, including for example the forest.<ref>{{cite web |title=Germany: Memories of a Nation |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b04dwbwz/ |author=Neil MacGregor, BBC Radio 4 |access-date=1 October 2014}}</ref>

In 2017, MacGregor hosted a BBC Radio Four series ''[[Living with the Gods]]'', on expressions of religious faith, liaising with Sabyasachi Mukherjee, Director of the [[Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj Vastu Sangrahalaya]] in Mumbai, on the presentation of world cultures.<ref>{{cite web| url = https://www.britishmuseum.org/about_us/news_and_press/press_releases/2015/neil_macgregor_to_step_down.aspx| title = Neil MacGregor to step down as Director of the British Museum at the end of 2015| date = 30 May 2015| access-date = 12 January 2017| publisher = British Museum Press Release}}</ref><ref name="BBC Living With The Gods">{{cite episode| title= The Beginnings of Belief| series= Living With The Gods | credits= Presenter: Neil MacGregor; Producer: Paul Kobrak| network= BBC| station= [[BBC Radio 4]]| url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b099xhmj | airdate= 23 October 2017| access-date= 23 October 2017 }}</ref>

At the beginning of 2019, MacGregor presented a programme called "As Others See Us" on BBC Radio Four. This programme looked at how his own country (the United Kingdom) was seen by other countries around the world.

In 2021, he gave a series of lectures at the “Chaire du Louvre” in Paris. The following year, MacGregor presented the BBC Radio 4 series ''The Museums That Make Us'' in which he visited local, regional, and city museums throughout the UK.<ref>{{cite web| title= The Museums That Make Us| url= https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/m0015474| website= [[BBC Online]] | accessdate= 11 March 2022 }}</ref>

==Personal life==
MacGregor was listed in ''[[The Independent]]''<nowiki>'</nowiki>s 2007 list of "most influential gay people"<ref name=Independent>{{cite news |newspaper=[[The Independent]] |title=The pink list 2007: The IoS annual celebration of the great and the gay |date=6 May 2007 |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/this-britain/the-pink-list-2007-the-iiosi-annual-celebration-of-the-great-and-the-gay-447627.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080907103532/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/this-britain/the-pink-list-2007-the-iiosi-annual-celebration-of-the-great-and-the-gay-447627.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=7 September 2008 |location=London}}</ref> and was single {{asof|2010|01|lc=y}}.<ref>{{cite news |author=Susanna Rustin |url=https://www.theguardian.com/culture/2010/jan/02/neil-macgregor-british-museum-history |title=The greatest exhibition you could have &#124; Culture |newspaper=The Guardian |date=2 January 2010 |access-date=29 May 2011 |location=London}}</ref>

On 4 November 2010, MacGregor was appointed to the [[Order of Merit]] by Queen [[Elizabeth II]].<ref name="RH">{{cite web |url=http://www.royal.gov.uk/LatestNewsandDiary/Pressreleases/2010/MrNeilMacGregorappointedtotheOrderofMerit4November.aspx |last=Buckingham Palace |title=Mr Neil MacGregor appointed to the Order of Merit, 4 November 2010 |publisher=The Royal Household |access-date=4 November 2010}}</ref> On 25 March 2013 MacGregor was appointed an Honorary [[Officer of the Order of Australia]] (AO) by the [[Governor-General of Australia]] [[Quentin Bryce]], "for service to promoting Australia and Australian art in the United Kingdom".<ref>{{cite web|title=Mr Robert Neil MacGREGOR |publisher=Australian Government - Department of the Prime Minister and Cabinet - Honours|date=15 February 2013| url=https://honours.pmc.gov.au/honours/awards/1147716|id=1147716}}</ref>

In April 2023, MacGregor was one of the 22 personal guests at the ceremony in which former [[Chancellor of Germany|German Chancellor]] [[Angela Merkel]] was decorated with the [[Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany|Grand Cross of the Order of Merit]] for special achievement by [[President of Germany|President]] [[Frank-Walter Steinmeier]] at [[Schloss Bellevue]] in Berlin.<ref>Kati Degenhardt (17 April 2023), [https://www.t-online.de/nachrichten/deutschland/innenpolitik/id_100160680/angela-merkel-dankt-ihrem-mann-er-hatte-vieles-auszuhalten-.html Merkels emotionaler Dank: "Er hatte Vieles auszuhalten"] ''[[T-Online]]''.</ref>

== Awards ==
* 2010 International Folkwang-Prize
* 2015 [[Friedrich-Gundolf-Preis]] from the [[Deutsche Akademie für Sprache und Dichtung]] for ''A History of the World in 100 Objects'' and ''Germany: Memories of a Nation''<ref>{{cite web|first1=Berliner Morgenpost-|last1=Berlin|access-date=22 November 2021|title=Neil MacGregor erhält Friedrich-Gundolf-Preis|url=https://www.morgenpost.de/printarchiv/kultur/article135458450/Neil-MacGregor-erhaelt-Friedrich-Gundolf-Preis.html|date=17 December 2014|website=www.morgenpost.de}}</ref>
* 2015 [[Nayef Al-Rodhan Prize]], from the [[British Academy]] for ''A History of the World in 100 Objects'' and ''Germany: Memories of a Nation''<ref>{{cite web|access-date=22 November 2021|title=Nayef Al-Rodhan Prize for Global Cultural Understanding: past winners|url=https://www.thebritishacademy.ac.uk/prizes-medals/british-academy-book-prize-global-cultural-understanding/past-winners/|website=The British Academy}}</ref>

==Publications==
{{Expand list|date=November 2013}}
* {{cite book|title=A Victim of Anonymity: The Master of the Saint Bartholomew Altarpiece|year=1994|publisher=Thames & Hudson|isbn=9780500550267|series=Walter Neurath Memorial Lectures}}
*{{cite book |title=Seeing Salvation: Images of Christ in Art |year=2000 |publisher=Yale University Press |isbn=9780300084788}}
*{{cite book |title=[[A History of the World in 100 Objects]] |year=2011 |publisher=Allen Lane |isbn=9781846144134}}
* {{cite book |title=Shakespeare's Restless World: An Unexpected History in Twenty Objects |year=2014 |publisher=Penguin |isbn=978-0718195700}}
* {{cite book |title=[[Germany: Memories of a Nation]] |year=2014 |publisher=Allen Lane |isbn=9780241008331}}
* {{cite book |title=Living with the Gods: On Beliefs and Peoples |year=2018 |publisher=Alfred A. Knopf |isbn=9780525521464}}

==See also==
* [[List of directors of the British Museum]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons category}}

* Lecture [https://www.en.cas.uni-muenchen.de/media/casvideo/channel_what_about_art/index.html "Identity Formation. The Role of Museums in the Creation and Inflection of National Narratives"] at LMU Munich

* [https://www.theguardian.com/profile/neilmacgregor Collected news and commentary] at ''[[The Guardian]]''
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20110404122743/http://search.independent.co.uk/topic/neil-macgregor Collected news and commentary] at ''[[The Independent]]''
* [https://www.bbc.co.uk/ahistoryoftheworld/ A History of the World], ''[[BBC]]'' and [[The British Museum]]
* {{NPG name}}
* {{TED speaker}}
*{{Internet Archive author |sname= Neil MacGregor}}
{{National Gallery directors}}
{{British Museum directors}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Macgregor, Neil}}
[[Category:1946 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:20th-century Scottish historians]]
[[Category:21st-century Scottish historians]]
[[Category:Academics of the University of Reading]]
[[Category:Alumni of New College, Oxford]]
[[Category:Alumni of the Courtauld Institute of Art]]
[[Category:Alumni of the University of Edinburgh]]
[[Category:British expatriates in Germany]]
[[Category:Directors of museums in the United Kingdom]]
[[Category:Directors of the British Museum]]
[[Category:Directors of the National Gallery, London]]
[[Category:École Normale Supérieure alumni]]
[[Category:Fellows of New College, Oxford]]
[[Category:Honorary officers of the Order of Australia]]
[[Category:British gay writers]]
[[Category:British LGBTQ historians]]
[[Category:Members of the Faculty of Advocates]]
[[Category:Members of the Order of Merit]]
[[Category:People educated at the Glasgow Academy]]
[[Category:People from Glasgow]]
[[Category:Scottish art historians]]
[[Category:Scottish curators]]
[[Category:Honorary Fellows of the British Academy]]
[[Category:Elgin Marbles]]