Editing Newgrounds

{{Short description|American entertainment website}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=April 2021}}
{{Infobox website
| name = Newgrounds
| logo = [[File:Newgrounds-logo.png|frameless|class=skin-invert]]
| logo_caption = Logo since 2018
| url = {{URL|https://newgrounds.com/}}
| registration = Optional{{Efn|Required to vote on, review, comment on, earn achievements for points on games, and submit content.}}
| language = English
| website_type = Entertainment
| company_type = [[Privately held company|Private]]
| foundation = July 6, 1995
| founder = [[Tom Fulp]]
| headquarters = 323 W Glenside Ave
| location_city = [[Glenside, Pennsylvania]], U.S.
| parent = Newgrounds.com, Inc.<ref name="Newgrounds">{{Cite web |title=Newgrounds.com, Inc. |url=https://www.linkedin.com/company/newgrounds |access-date=2025-05-24 |website=LinkedIn}}</ref>
| key_people = {{Ubl
| Tom Fulp (founder, [[Chief executive officer|CEO]])
| Josh Tuttle (site programmer)
| James Holloway (site programmer)
| Jeff Bandelin (artist, animator)
}}
| services = {{Flatlist|
* Video games
* animation
* art
* music
* user-generated content
* hosting service
}}
}}
'''Newgrounds''' is an American  entertainment website founded by [[Tom Fulp]] in 1995 and owned by '''Newgrounds.com, Inc.'''<ref name="Newgrounds" /> The site hosts user-generated content such as  games, films, audio, and artwork.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://medium.com/@SeanBuckelew/newgrounds-64831b97a5a8|title=Newgrounds: Everything by Everyone|last=Buckelew|first=Sean|date=December 27, 2014|website=Sean Buckelew|access-date=April 21, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210110184908/https://medium.com/@SeanBuckelew/newgrounds-64831b97a5a8|archive-date=January 10, 2021|url-status=live}}</ref> Fulp produces in-house content at the headquarters and offices in Glenside, Pennsylvania.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.cheltenhamtownship.org/businessdirectory/business_dir.htm#N |title=Cheltenham Township Business Directory|date=January 2007|access-date=November 20, 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304134317/http://cheltenham.municipalcms.com/businessView.aspx?l=n|archive-date=March 4, 2016 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Rector |first1=Seth |title=Smiling Friends: 10 Things You May Have Forgotten About Season One |url=https://screenrant.com/smiling-friends-things-forgotten-season-one/ |website=ScreenRant |access-date=20 June 2022 |date=1 March 2022}}</ref>

In the 2000s, Newgrounds played an important role in [[Internet culture]], and in [[Internet animation]] and [[indie game|independent video gaming]] in particular. It has been called a "distinct time in gaming history", a place "where many animators and developers cut their teeth and gained a following long before [[social media]] was even a thing", and "a haven for fostering the greats of internet animation".<ref>{{cite web |last1=Watts |first1=Rachel |title=Friday Night Funkin' is the DDR beatboxing game driving players back to Newgrounds |url=https://www.pcgamer.com/friday-night-funkin-is-the-ddr-beatboxing-game-driving-players-back-to-newgrounds/ |website=PC Gamer |date=15 July 2021}}</ref>

==Content==
[[File:Newgrounds Tankman logo.png|thumb|The Newgrounds logo used from 2006 to 2018 with Tankman, the Newgrounds mascot. This logo and similar ones can be seen at the start of Flash games and videos on the website.|left|181x181px]]
[[User-generated content]] can be uploaded and categorized into either one of the site's four web portals: Games, Movies, Audio, and Art. A Movie or Games submission entered undergoes the process termed "judgment", where it can be rated by all users (from 0 to 5 stars) and reviewed by other users. The average score calculated at various points during judgment determines if whether the content will be "saved" (added onto the database) or "blammed" (deleted with only its reviews saved in the "Obituaries" section).<ref>{{cite book |last1=Paolillo |first1=John C. |last2=Warren |first2=Jonathan |last3=Kunz |first3=Breanne |chapter=Genre Emergence in Amateur Flash |title=Genres on the Web |series=Text, Speech and Language Technology |date=2010 |volume=42 |pages=277–302 |doi=10.1007/978-90-481-9178-9_13|isbn=978-90-481-9177-2 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Warren |first1=Jonathan |last2=Stoerger |first2=Sharon |last3=Kelley |first3=Ken |title=Longitudinal gender and age bias in a prominent amateur new media community |journal=New Media & Society |date=February 2012 |volume=14 |issue=1 |pages=7–27 |doi=10.1177/1461444811410390|s2cid=28962153 }}</ref>

Since [[Adobe Flash Player]] was shut down on most browsers by late 2020, Newgrounds uses the [[Ruffle (software)|Ruffle emulator]], an Adobe Flash emulator written in [[Rust (programming language)|Rust]] and sponsored by Newgrounds along with other popular sites like [[Cool Math Games]] and [[Armor Games]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Diamond Sponsors |url=https://ruffle.rs/ |website=ruffle.rs |access-date=March 27, 2022}}</ref> In 2022, Ruffle supported most Flash content written in [[ActionScript]] 1.0 and 2.0, and only a select few Flashes written in 3.0,<ref>{{Cite web |last=Fulp |first=Tom |date=August 28, 2022 |title=Ruffle AS3 Update |url=https://www.newgrounds.com/bbs/topic/1508946 |access-date=September 15, 2022 |publisher=Newgrounds}}</ref> which meant to play then unsupported content, users had to use the "Newgrounds Player", the site's previous downloadable Flash end-of-life solution which it used prior to Ruffle for playing content.

Art and Audio are processed using a different method called "scouting", which the site describes as "a way to vet users and weed out spam, stolen works, low quality submissions, etc." All users can put art and audio onto their own page, but only those that are "scouted" will appear in the public area. Like the judgment system, it stops stolen content, spam, or prohibited material reaching the public area, relying on users and site moderators. Once an individual is scouted, they are given the privilege to scout others, though users caught scouting other users who regularly break the site's [[terms of service]] and/or guidelines ("abusing the system") get unscouted themselves.<ref>{{Cite web |date= |title=Newgrounds Wiki - Frequently Asked Questions |url=https://www.newgrounds.com/wiki/frequently-asked-questions |access-date=September 15, 2022 |publisher=Newgrounds}}</ref>

Content and context are liable to be reported for review to the moderators and staff members by flagging it for violations to the site's guidelines.{{Sfn | Van Buren | 2010 | p = 548}} A weighted system recognizes experienced users and gives their flag more voice.{{Sfn | Luther |Caine |Zigler |Bruckman | 2010 | pp = 3-5}} Newgrounds' homepage includes featured submissions from each category, as well as awards and honors to users whose submission that fall under the site's requirements to earn them.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.retrojunk.com/community/post/index/45064|title=The History Of Newgrounds|website=Retro Junk|access-date=April 21, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210116084836/http://www.retrojunk.com/community/post/index/45064|archive-date=January 16, 2021|url-status=live}}</ref> Members of Newgrounds also organize animations called "collabs" through the discussion forum on the site.<ref>{{cite conference |url=https://dl.acm.org/doi/abs/10.1145/1640233.1640316 |title=Predicting successful completion of online collaborative animation projects |first1=Luther |last1=Kurt |last2=Zielger |first2=Kevin |last3=Caine |first3=Kelly E. |last4=Bruckman |first4=Amy |date=October 2009 |conference=C&C '09: Creativity and Cognition 2009 |conference-url=https://dl.acm.org/doi/proceedings/10.1145/1640233 |editor=Nick Bryan-Kinns |others=Mark D. Gross, Hilary Johnson, Jack Ox, Ron Wakkary  |volume= |edition= |book-title=C&C '09: Proceedings of the seventh ACM conference on Creativity and cognition |publisher=Association for Computing Machinery |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200628155536/https://dl.acm.org/doi/abs/10.1145/1640233.1640316 |archive-date=June 28, 2020 |location=New York |pages=391 |isbn=978-1-60558-865-0 |doi= 10.1145/1640233.1640316|access-date=April 30, 2021 |url-access=subscription }}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Bruckman |first1=Amy |last2=Luther |first2=Kurt |last3=Fiesler |first3=Casey |date=2015 |chapter=When Should We Use Real Names in Published Accounts of Internet Research? |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=d1c1CwAAQBAJ&pg=PA243 |editor1-last=Hargittai |editor1-first=Eszter |editor2-last=Sandvig |editor2-first=Christian |title=Digital Research Confidential: The Secrets of Studying Behavior Online |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=d1c1CwAAQBAJ |url-status=live |location=Cambridge, Massachusetts |isbn=9780262029889 |publisher=[[MIT Press]] |pages=243, 250 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210430162901/https://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=d1c1CwAAQBAJ&oi=fnd&pg=PA243 |archive-date=April 30, 2021 |access-date=April 30, 2021 }}</ref> Some scholars noted that while hundreds of these "collabs" are produced every year, only 20% are completed due to stress on those making the animations, while other scholars said that animators maintain a "strong sense" of authorship and ownership of what they produce, especially solo animators.<ref>{{cite conference |url=https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/2441776.2441891 |title=Redistributing leadership in online creative collaboration |first1=Luther |last1=Kurt |last2=Zielger |first2=Kevin |last3=Bruckman |first3=Amy |date=February 2013 |conference=CSCW '13: Computer Supported Cooperative Work |conference-url=https://dl.acm.org/doi/proceedings/10.1145/1640233 |editor=Amy Bruckman and Scott Counts |others=Cliff Lampe and Loren Terveen (Less) |book-title=CSCW '13: Proceedings of the 2013 conference on Computer supported cooperative work |publisher=Association for Computing Machinery |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200628155536/https://dl.acm.org/doi/abs/10.1145/1640233.1640316 |archive-date=June 28, 2020 |location=New York |pages=1007, 1010–1011, 1013–1018, 1020–1021 |isbn=978-1-4503-1331-5 |bibcode= |oclc= |doi= 10.1145/2441776.2441891|access-date=April 30, 2021|url-access=subscription }}</ref><ref name="yardi2008" />{{Sfn | Luther | Bruckman | 2008 | pp = 345, 347, 349}}

==History==
In 1991, at the age of 13, Tom Fulp launched a [[Neo Geo]] [[fanzine]] called ''New Ground'' and sent issues to approximately 100 members of a club originating on the online service [[Prodigy (online service)|Prodigy]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.newgrounds.com/wiki/about-newgrounds/history#wiki_toc_1|title=1991: The Zine|website=Newgrounds|access-date=April 20, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210331062514/https://www.newgrounds.com/wiki/about-newgrounds/history|archive-date=March 31, 2021|url-status=live}}</ref> Using a hosting service, he launched a website called ''New Ground Remix'' in 1995, which increased in popularity during the summer of 1996 after Fulp created the [[Bulletin board system|BBS]] games ''Club a Seal'' and ''Assassin'' while a student at [[Drexel University]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://gimletmedia.com/episode/episode105-how-we-first-met/|title=#105 At World's End|publisher=Gimlet Media|access-date=September 25, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170929015606/https://gimletmedia.com/episode/episode105-how-we-first-met/|archive-date=September 29, 2017|url-status=dead}}</ref> He then created ''Club a Seal II'' and ''Assassin II'', along with a separate hosting site titled ''New Ground Atomix''.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.newgrounds.com/wiki/about-newgrounds/history#wiki_toc_4|title=1997: The Tale of Two Newgrounds|website=Newgrounds|access-date=April 20, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210429232222/https://www.newgrounds.com/wiki/about-newgrounds/history|archive-date=April 29, 2021 |url-status=live}}</ref> The 1999 release of ''[[Pico's School]]'', a [[Adobe Flash|Flash]] [[browser game]] that "exhibited a complexity of design and polish in presentation that was virtually unseen in amateur Flash game development"<ref>{{cite book |last1=Williams |first1=Andrew |title=History of digital games: developments in art, design and interaction |date=2017 |publisher=CRC Press, Taylor & Francis Group, an A K Peters Book |location=Boca Raton, FL |isbn=9781138885554 |page=219}}</ref> of the time helped establish Newgrounds as a "public force."<ref>{{cite book |last1=Salter |first1=Anastasia |last2=Murray |first2=John |title=Flash: building the interactive web |date=2014 |publisher=The MIT Press |location=Cambridge, Massachusetts |isbn=9780262028028 |page=76}}</ref>

1999 also saw the consolidation of both sites into one domain name (newgrounds.com), and the creation of "The Portal", a place on the site for Fulp to put his Flash projects that were smaller and more unfinished. Site visitors began to reach out through email with their own Flash content, which was showcased on a webpage in The Portal.<ref>{{cite web |title=1999: Hot New Games |url=https://www.newgrounds.com/wiki/about-newgrounds/history#wiki_toc_6 |publisher=Newgrounds |access-date=December 8, 2023}}</ref> By 2000, there were so many Portal submissions that submitting Flash content to the Portal would become an automated process with the help of Fulp's friend Ross.<ref>{{cite web |title=2000: Full-Time Job |url=https://www.newgrounds.com/wiki/about-newgrounds/history#wiki_toc_7 |website=Newgrounds |access-date=December 8, 2023}}</ref> Tom has stated that the automated Portal "ultimately defined [Newgrounds]'s purpose".<ref>{{cite web |title=Newgrounds Wiki - Staff|url=https://www.newgrounds.com/wiki/about-newgrounds/staff |publisher=Newgrounds |access-date=December 9, 2023}}</ref>

While [[Macromedia Flash Player]] was required for Newgrounds in order to play games, the site also brought together members who were interested in producing Flash games and gained "considerable online influence" as a result.<ref name="fiamik2020">{{cite journal |last1=Fiadotau |first1=Mikhail |date=August 2020 |title=View of Growing old on Newgrounds: The hopes and quandaries of Flash game preservation |journal=[[First Monday (journal)|First Monday]] |volume=5 |issue=8 |doi=10.5210/fm.v25i8.10306|s2cid=225498838 |doi-access= free}}</ref> It subsequently became one of the most "active Flash creator communities in the English-speaking Internet" and served as a place that [[video game developer]]s could begin their careers.<ref name="fiamik2020" /> Flash was once described by Newgrounds as the "driving force" behind the site.{{Sfn | Van Buren | 2010 | p = 547}} Even so, those on the site had a "low tolerance for poor quality work", referring mainly to humor and storytelling instead of animation quality. Some animators on the site moved to [[YouTube]] by the mid-2000s.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Darlington |first1=Joseph |date=May 22, 2018 |title=Techno-Wizardry and movie magic: the trace of labour (or lack thereof) in 3D digital animation |journal=Information, Communication & Society |volume=21 |issue=9 |pages=1258 |doi=10.1080/1369118X.2018.1476571 |s2cid=149557860}}</ref>

By November 2008, Newgrounds had over 1.5 million users and over 130,000 animations.<ref name="yardi2008">{{cite conference |url=http://yardi.people.si.umich.edu/pubs/Yardi_BlackBox08.pdf |title=Opening The Black Box: Four Views of Transparency in Remix Culture |last1=Yardi |first1=Sarita |last2=Luther |first2=Kurt |last3=Diakopoulos |first3=Nick |last4=Bruckman |first4=Amy |date=November 2008 |conference=CSCW Workshop on Tinkering, Tailoring, & Mashing: The Social and Collaborative Practices of the Read-Write Web |publisher=Association for Computing Machinery |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181221095604/http://yardi.people.si.umich.edu/pubs/Yardi_BlackBox08.pdf |archive-date=December 21, 2018 |location=San Diego |pages=3 |format= |id= |bibcode= |oclc= |doi= |access-date=April 30, 2021 |language=en}}</ref>{{Sfn | Luther | Bruckman | 2008 | p = 344}} This had increased by August 2010, when it was reported that the site had over 2.2 million users and over 180,000 games and [[animated films]], most of which were animations made by only one person, with others collaboratively made by various individuals.{{Sfn |Luther |Caine |Zigler |Bruckman | 2010 | pp = 2, 7, 8, 10}} It was also said in 2013 that users had created "hundreds of thousands of animated movies and online games".<ref>{{cite conference |url=https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/2470654.2466266 |title=Let's Get Together: The Formation and Success of Online Creative Collaborations |last1=Settles |first1=Burr |last2=Dow |first2=Steven |date=April 2013 |editor=Wendy E. Mackay |others=Stephen Brewster, Susanne Bødker |conference=CHI '13: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems |conference-url=https://dl.acm.org/doi/proceedings/10.1145/2470654 |book-title=CHI '13: Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems |volume= |edition= |publisher=Association for Computing Machinery |location=New York |page=2009 |format= |id= |bibcode= |oclc= |doi= 10.1145/2470654.2466266|access-date=April 30, 2021|url-access=subscription }}</ref>

''[[Time (magazine)|Time]]'' ranked the website at No. 39 on its list of "50 Best Websites" in 2010.<ref>{{Cite magazine |title=50 Best Websites 2010 |date=August 25, 2010 |magazine=Time |issn=0040-781X |url=https://content.time.com/time/specials/packages/article/0,28804,2012721_2012922_2012919,00.html |access-date=August 18, 2019}}</ref>

In 2018, Newgrounds began to encourage contributors to submit their games in an [[HTML5]] format rather than Flash.<ref name="fiamik2020" /> In November and December, it experienced surges of new members originally from [[Tumblr]] when that site began restricting adult content after illegal [[child pornography]] was found on it, resulting in the Tumblr [[iOS]] app being removed from the [[App Store (Apple)|App Store]].<ref>{{cite web|author=Aparajita_1989|title=Tumblr shutting down? No. But there's exodus and Newgrounds is gaining from it|url=https://piunikaweb.com/2018/11/22/tumblr-shutting-down-no-but-theres-exodus-and-newgrounds-is-gaining-from-it/|website=Piunika Web|access-date=December 5, 2018|date=November 22, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210118101049/https://piunikaweb.com/2018/11/22/tumblr-shutting-down-no-but-theres-exodus-and-newgrounds-is-gaining-from-it/|archive-date=January 18, 2021|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Asarch|first=Steven|title=Why Is Tumblr Banning Adult Content? Censorship Causes Alternative Platforms to Rise|url=https://www.newsweek.com/tumblr-censorship-ban-alternatives-pillowfort-1244094|website=[[Newsweek]]|access-date=December 5, 2018|date=December 4, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210325124636/https://www.newsweek.com/tumblr-censorship-ban-alternatives-pillowfort-1244094|archive-date=March 25, 2021|url-status=live}}</ref>

In the summer of 2019, with the discontinuation of Flash upcoming, the administration of Newgrounds unveiled the ''Newgrounds Player'' for Windows, which was described as a "solution for playing Flash games and movies" hosted on the site.<ref name="fiamik2020" /> The application would launch via the website upon a request to view Flash content and play it.<ref>{{cite web |title=Newgrounds.com — Everything, By Everyone |url=https://www.newgrounds.com/flash/player |access-date=5 December 2023}}</ref> The player would later be followed up with the [[Ruffle (software)|Ruffle]] Flash emulator in August 2019, with the two options being offered in tandem as development on Ruffle progressed.<ref>{{cite web |title=Flash Emulation & Brave BAT |url=https://www.newgrounds.com/bbs/topic/1444275 |publisher=Newgrounds |access-date=December 5, 2023}}</ref>

In April 2021, an update for the browser game ''[[Friday Night Funkin']]'' was exclusively released on Newgrounds at the time, causing the site's server to become overloaded after an influx of site traffic.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Cohen |first1=Skylar |title=Friday Night Funkin' Week 7 Reveal Crashes Newgrounds |url=https://gamerant.com/friday-night-funkin-week-7-crashes-newgrounds/ |access-date=April 19, 2021 |work=Game Rant |date=April 19, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210425043759/https://gamerant.com/friday-night-funkin-week-7-crashes-newgrounds/|archive-date=April 25, 2021|url-status=live}}</ref>

In July 2021, Fulp received the [[Game Developers Choice Awards]] Pioneer Award for his contributions to establishing Newgrounds and subsequent work in [[The Behemoth]].<ref name="gdc2021 special">{{cite web | url = https://www.gamespot.com/articles/gdc-to-honor-newgrounds-founder-tom-fulp-and-industry-veteran-laralyn-mcwilliams-at-21st-annual-awards/1100-6493519/ | title = GDC To Honor Newgrounds Founder Tom Fulp And Industry Veteran Laralyn McWilliams At 21st Annual Awards | first = Cameron | last=  Koch | date = July 1, 2021 | accessdate = July 1, 2021 | work = [[GameSpot]]}}</ref>

In September 2023, an update to the site's Art Portal was rolled out, implementing it in the existing Project system for animation, games and audio, as well as adding the ability to use multi-author credits on Art submissions and adding multi-art support in either Inline, Strip or Gallery formats.<ref>{{cite web |url= https://www.newgrounds.com/bbs/topic/1528343 |title = Art Portal: Multi-Art and Multi-Author! |publisher=Newgrounds|access-date=December 7, 2023}}</ref>

In March 2024, the site's reporting system was updated to enable users to report content predominantly [[Generative artificial intelligence|generated by artificial intelligence (AI)]].<ref>{{cite web 
|first=Tom |last=Fulp |title=This Week's Site Updates |url=https://www.newgrounds.com/bbs/topic/1532878 |publisher=Newgrounds |date=March 2, 2024 |access-date=April 22, 2024}}</ref>

On October 8, 2024, Takeover Tuesday was introduced, where every Tuesday, Newgrounds supporters could put a submission onto the front page for that day.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Takeover Tuesday! |url=https://www.newgrounds.com/bbs/topic/1538796 |access-date=2025-03-04 |website=www.newgrounds.com |language=en}}</ref> On February 1, 2025, ''"normal" bird'' - a crude drawing of a [[bird]] - became the most reacted submission of all Takeover Tuesdays, with over 350 reactions by Newgrounds users.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Newgrounds.com — Everything, By Everyone |url=https://www.newgrounds.com/frontpage/takeover/2025/2/11 |access-date=2025-03-04 |website=Newgrounds.com |language=en}}</ref>

==See also==
{{Portal|Philadelphia|Internet|Gaming|Animation}}
*[[Internet art]]
*[[History of the Internet]]
*[[List of video game websites]]
*[[Independent animation]]
== Notes ==
{{Notelist}}

==References==
===Citations===
{{Reflist}}

===Sources===
* {{cite conference |title=Why It Works (When It Works): Success Factors in Online Creative Collaboration |last1=Luther |first1=Kurt |last2=Caine |first2=Kelly |last3=Zigler |first3=Kevin |last4=Bruckman |first4=Amy |date=November 2010 
|conference=GROUP '10: ACM 2010 International Conference on Supporting Group Work |editor=Bo Begole and David W. McDonald |book-title=GROUP '10: Proceedings of the 16th ACM international conference on Supporting group work |publisher=Association for Computing Machinery |location=New York |isbn=978-1-4503-0387-3 |doi=10.1145/1880071.1880073 |conference-url=https://dl.acm.org/doi/proceedings/10.1145/1880071}}
* {{cite conference |title=Leadership in Online Creative Collaboration |last1=Luther |first1=Kurt |last2=Bruckman |first2=Amy |date=November 2008 |conference=CSCW08: Computer Supported Cooperative Work |conference-url=https://dl.acm.org/doi/proceedings/10.1145/1460563 |editor1=Bo Begole |editor2=David W. McDonald |book-title=CSCW '08: Proceedings of the 2008 ACM conference on Computer supported cooperative work |publisher=Association for Computing Machinery |location=New York |isbn=978-1-60558-007-4 |doi=10.1145/1460563.1460619}}
* {{cite journal |last1=Van Buren |first1=Cassandra |date=July 2010 |title=Critical Analysis of Racist Post-9/11 Web Animations |journal=[[Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media]] |volume=50 |issue=3 |pages=537–554 |doi=10.1207/s15506878jobem5003_11 |s2cid=216138343}}

{{Wikiquote}}
{{Newgrounds|state=expanded}}
{{TheBehemoth}}
{{Cheltenham}}


[[Category:2000s in Internet culture]]
[[Category:2010s in Internet culture]]
[[Category:American entertainment websites]]
[[Category:Browser-based game websites]]
[[Category:Cheltenham Township, Pennsylvania]]
[[Category:Flash games]]
[[Category:Free music download websites]]
[[Category:Art websites]]
[[Category:Internet forums]]
[[Category:Internet properties established in 1995]]
[[Category:Image-sharing websites]]
[[Category:Companies based in Montgomery County, Pennsylvania]]
[[Category:Websites about animation]]