Editing Newman Center

{{short description|Catholic ministry at educational institution}}
{{distinguish|Cardinal Newman Society|The Newman Society}}

[[File:St-Philip-Neri-Newman-Center-Tulsa.jpg|thumb|St. Philip Neri Newman Center, Tulsa]]

'''Newman Centers''', '''Newman Houses''', '''Newman Clubs''', or '''Newman Communities''' are [[Catholic campus ministry]] centers at secular universities.  The movement was inspired by the writings of Cardinal [[John Henry Newman]] encouraging societies for Catholic students attending secular universities.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://wsunewmancenter.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=29&Itemid=53|title=St. Paul's Catholic Church/Newman Center @ WSU - History|date=March 1, 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090301223919/http://wsunewmancenter.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=29&Itemid=53 |archive-date=2009-03-01 }}</ref>

These centers may include residential living space or may be actual houses close to the campus with or without a chapel.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.umassdcatholics.com/|title=Home Page - UMass Dartmouth Catholic Campus Ministry|first=UMass Dartmouth Catholic Campus|last=Ministry|website=www.umassdcatholics.com}}</ref> Activities vary among centers but usually include both spiritual worship like Sunday Mass and [[Eucharistic adoration]], social get-togethers (like movies or coffee socials), and group outings (like apple picking, [[March for Life]] events, and amusement park visits).

==History==
The first Newman club was established at Oxford University by [[Hartwell de la Garde Grissell]] in 1878 as [[Oxford University Catholic Club]], which was renamed in 1888 the Oxford University Newman Society.

The “Newman Movement” in the United States began in 1883 at the University of Wisconsin when Catholic students joined to form the Melvin Club, named after their hosts, Mr. and Mrs. John C. Melvin.<ref name=naab>Naab, Kathleen.[https://zenit.org/articles/what-newman-centers-owe-their-namesake-part-1/ "What Newman Centers Owe Their Namesake", ''Zenit'', August 30, 2010]</ref> The first Newman Club in America was established in 1893 at the [[University of Pennsylvania]] by Timothy Harrington,<ref>John Whitney Evans, ''Making the Best of a Bad Job? Newman Chaplains between the Code and the Council'', U.S. Catholic Historian, Vol. 11, No. 1, Sulpicians and Seminaries, Prelates and Priests (Winter, 1993), pp. 35–50.</ref> a graduate medical student and former member of the Wisconsin group, together with John Gilbride, James and Joseph Walsh with assistance of Father P. J. Garvey, pastor of the local St. James Catholic Church. The club provided social activities, discussions on the faith, and mutual support for Catholic students in a sometimes hostile academic environment. The meetings were occasions to experience [[Catholic culture]] in a secular environment.<ref name=naab/>

[[Cornell]] had one of the first Newman Clubs, organized in 1888. The Newman Club eventually became a full-fledged campus parish, the [[Cornell Catholic Community]].

In the early 1900s, the majority of Catholic college students attended private Catholic institutions.{{citation needed|date=April 2020}} However, over time, a growing number of Catholics began attending secular universities. Initially, small chapels were opened near the campuses of the secular universities.

In 1908, the Catholic clubs began an association which became the [[National Newman Club Federation]].<ref name="USCath">{{cite news |last1=Long-García |first1=J.D. |title=Newman Centers: A brief history |url=http://www.uscatholic.org/life/2012/01/newman-centers-brief-history |access-date=24 April 2020 |work=U.S. Catholic magazine |issue=2 |date=February 2012 |volume=77 |language=en}}</ref>  In 1950, the National Newman Chaplains Association was established for ordained chaplains at non-Catholic colleges and universities.<ref name="CCMA History" />  In 1969, the National Newman Chaplains Association became [[Catholic campus ministry|Catholic Campus Ministry Association]] (CCMA).<ref name="USCath" /><ref name="CCMA History">{{cite web |title=History |url=https://www.ccmanetwork.org/history |website=CCMA |access-date=24 April 2020}}</ref>

According to The Newman Connection,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.newmanconnection.com/|title=Home|website=The Newman Connection}}</ref> a US [[Catholic Church]] Campus Ministries non-profit organization, there are over 2,000 Newman Centers in the United States.

==Ministry and services==
The centers provide pastoral services and ministries to their Catholic communities, in particular to the Roman Catholic student population within the universities. However, since these centers are located on university campuses, those of other [[Christian denomination]]s often come and participate as well. A variety of university and parish related meetings and social events take place at the centers, as well as personal events including [[Marriage in the Catholic Church|Catholic weddings]], anniversary celebrations, [[Baptism#Catholicism|baptisms]], [[Mass in the Catholic Church|Masses]], and funeral receptions.

==United States==
Examples of campuses with Newman Centers include:

[[File:St. John's Catholic Newman Center Champaign, Illinois.jpg|thumb|St. John's Catholic Newman Center Champaign, Illinois]]
[[St. John's Catholic Newman Center]] at the [[University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign]]—formerly known as the Newman Foundation—is the largest in the nation and has been considered one of the model Newman Centers in the United States.{{by whom|date=April 2020}} The center encompasses three main entities: St. John's Catholic Chapel, Newman Hall, and the Institute of Catholic Thought. It is one of the few Newman Centers that also encompasses a large undergraduate residence, Newman Hall, through the university's Certified Private Housing program, having over 600 live-in residents, a cafeteria, and other services.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.sjcnc.org/|title=Welcome to St. John's Catholic Newman Center @ University of Illinois|first=St John's Catholic Newman|last=Center|website=St. John's Catholic Newman Center}}</ref>

The Newman Center at [[Troy University]] in Troy, Alabama is a coed residence hall which opened in 2013.  The Newman Halls will house 376 residents, 6 resident assistants, and one live-in married couple who acts as the community directors.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.troy.edu/student-life-resources/housing/newman-center.html|title=Newman Center (Coed) &#124; Troy University|website=www.troy.edu}}</ref>

Blessed Pope John Paul II Newman Center at the [[University of Illinois, Chicago]] serves the largest Catholic student population in the Midwest and one of the largest in the country. UIC has 25,000+ students, of which over 15,000 are Catholic. The John Paul II Newman Center in 1999 established the Arthur J. Schmitt Chair in Catholic studies for students to study the Catholic faith and receive college credit for doing so. Currently, students may receive a minor in Catholic studies. Of the other programs which the John Paul II Newman Center offers, Vocation Discernment averages 10-15 students each year who study to become priests and [[Religious (Catholic)|religious]] brothers and sisters. The Integritas Institute for Ethics, a third program, teaches ethics and morality. The John Paul II Newman Center is in the Catholic [[Archdiocese of Chicago]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.jp2newman.org/ |title=Home |website=jp2newman.org}}</ref>

St. Mary's Catholic Center at [[Texas A&M University]] decided to turn their permanent parishioners into volunteers for the campus ministry and discontinued all other parish programs not related directly to campus ministry. Two hundred families stayed and the rest went to the other parish in College Station. The Catholic Campus Ministry Association has given presentations before national audiences concerning the success of St. Mary's.

The [[National Catholic Student Coalition]] in Delaware was created in 1982 and was the successor of the Newman Center and the [[National Federation of Catholic College Students]].<ref name=E>[https://www.encyclopedia.com/religion/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/national-catholic-student-coalition-ncsc  Encyclopedia.com website, profile page]</ref>

==Canada==
[[Image:NewmanCentreWestSide.JPG|right|thumb|Toronto's Newman Centre, west side]]

[[Newman Centre, Toronto]] is housed in the historical W.D. Matthews House. It is under the direction of the [[Archdiocese of Toronto]] and is associated with the neighbouring [[St. Thomas Aquinas Church, Toronto|St. Thomas Aquinas Church]].

The Newman Centre in Montreal, which serves McGill University and the Archdiocese of Montreal goes back to the Columbian Club (est. 1897) and the Newman Club (est. 1929).<ref>{{cite web|last1=McNally|first1=Peter|title=History of McGill Newman Centre|url=http://www.newmancentre.org/about.history.shtml|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130423141135/http://www.newmancentre.org/about.history.shtml|url-status=dead|archive-date=23 April 2013|website=www.newmancentre.org|publisher=Newman Association Inc. / Catholic Times|access-date=18 August 2014}}</ref> In 1941, the [[Gerald Emmett Carter|Rev. Gerald Emmett Carter]] (later Cardinal Archbishop of Toronto) was appointed director. In 1949, under his leadership, the club acquired a new home, "Newman House," located centrally on McGill College Avenue, one block south of the [[Roddick Gates]]. In 1951, the Newman Association of Montreal was created (incorporated under the Bighops' Act). The association's purpose would be to support the Catholic community at McGill University. In 1954 the Newman Association purchased the La Fleur mansion located at 3484 Peel Street, which remains the centre's Montreal address to this day.<ref>{{Cite web |title=E. Lafleur House([1900-3]) |url=https://cac.mcgill.ca/maxwells/details.php?recordCount=165&Page=11&id=477&pn=&cn=All&pr=All&ct=All&str=&mj=All&mn=All&sta=Built |access-date=2023-04-23 |website=cac.mcgill.ca}}</ref> In 1998 the Newman Institute of Catholic Studies was established under the direction of Dr. Daniel Cere. The Newman Institute of Catholic Studies was federally incorporated in 2000, when the Catholic Studies minor concentration was established at McGill University, along with the Kennedy Smith Chair in Catholic Studies.

==Australia==
[[University of Queensland]] and [[Charles Sturt University]] are both house Newman Centres.

==New Zealand==
A Newman Society, along the lines of the one at Oxford University, was first set up at the [[New Zealand University]] in 1909.<ref>{{Cite Catholic Encyclopedia|wstitle=New Zealand}}</ref>

== See also ==
{{Portal|Catholicism|Christianity}}
*[[Christian study center]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Catholic Youth Ministry}}
{{Catholic laity}}

[[Category:Organizations established in 1878]]
[[Category:Catholic organizations established in the 19th century]]
[[Category:University and college residential buildings]]
[[Category:Catholic youth organizations]]
[[Category:1878 establishments in England]]
[[Category:International student religious organizations]]