Editing News design

{{Short description|Process of arranging material on a newspaper page}}
{{Multiple issues|{{more footnotes|date=March 2009}}
{{One source|date=March 2012}}
{{Original research|date=March 2023}}}}
{{anchor|Makeup editor|Layout editor|Design editor}}
'''News design''' is the process of arranging material on a [[newspaper]] page, according to editorial and graphical guidelines and goals. Main editorial goals include the ordering of [[news story|news stories]] by order of importance, while graphical considerations include [[readability]] and balanced, unobtrusive incorporation of [[advertising]].

[[File:Editorial office of Bild newspaper, West Berlin, 1977.jpg|thumb|right|[[Editor#Print media|Editors]] work on producing an issue of ''[[Bild]],'' 1977 in [[West Berlin]]. Previous front pages are affixed to the wall behind them. ]]
News design incorporates principles of [[graphic design]] and is taught as part of [[journalism]] training in schools and colleges. Overlapping and related terms include [[Page layout|layout]], makeup (formerly [[paste up]]) and [[pagination]].

The era of modern newspapers begins in the mid-nineteenth century, with the [[Industrial Revolution]], and increased capacities for [[printing]] and [[Distribution (business)|distribution]]. Over time, improvements in printing technology, graphical design, and editorial standards have led to changes and improvements in the look and readability of newspapers.  Nineteenth-century newspapers were often densely packed with type, often arranged vertically, with multiple headlines for each article.  A number of the same technological limitations persisted until the advent of digital [[typesetting]] and [[pagination]] in late 20th century.

== Process  ==
Designers typically use [[desktop publishing]] [[software]] to arrange the elements on the pages directly. In the past, before digital pre-press pagination, designers used precise "lay out dummies" to direct the exact layout of elements for each page.

A complete layout dummy was required for designating proper column widths by which a [[typesetter]] would set type, and arrange columns of text. Layout also required the calculation of lengths of copy (text in "[[column inch]]es"), for any chosen width.

Much of the variance and incoherence of early newspapers was because last minute corrections were exclusively handled by typesetters. With photographic printing process, typesetting gave way to [[paste-up]], whereby columns of type were printed by machines ([[Phototypesetting|phototypesetters]]) on high-resolution film for paste-up on photographed final prints. These prints in turn were "shot to negative" with a large format production camera &mdash;directly to steel-[[emulsion]] photographic plates.

Though paste-up put an end to cumbersome typesetting, this still required planned layouts and set column widths.  Photographic plates are (still) wrapped on printing drums to directly apply ink to [[newsprint]] (paper).
In the mid-1990s, the paste-up process gave way to the [[direct to plate]] process, where computer-paginated files were optically transmitted directly to the photographic plate. Replacing several in-between steps in newspaper production, direct to plate pagination allowed for much more flexibility and precision than before. Designers today still used column grid layouts only with layout software, such as Adobe InDesign or Quark.

== Design options ==
Designers choose photo sizes and headline sizes (both the size of the letters and how much space the headline will take). They may decide what articles will go on which pages, and where on the page, alone or in consultation with editors. They may choose [[typefaces]] for special pages, but newspapers usually have a design style that determines most routine uses.

== Notable news designers ==

John E. Allen in ''Linotype News'' of the 1930s was the first to write extensively about the design of the U.S. press, followed at mid century by Syracuse journalism professor [[Edmund Arnold]], sometimes identified as the father of "modern" newspaper design, and journalist Harold Evans played a key role in British news design later in the century.<ref>K.G. Barnhurst, ''Seeing the Newspaper'' (1994).</ref>

== See also ==
* [[Society for News Design]]
* [[Photo caption]]
* [[Page layout]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}
* [[Kevin Barnhurst (media studies scholar)|Barnhurst, Kevin G.]] ''Seeing the Newspaper'' (1994) 
* Harrower, Tim ''The Newspaper Designer's Handbook'' (2007)
* [https://unicorngo.com/ Unlimited Graphic Design]
* [http://www.newspaperdesign.in www.newspaperdesign.in]

== External links ==
*{{Commonscat-inline}}
{{Design}}
{{Journalism}}

[[Category:News design| ]]
[[Category:Copy editing]]
[[Category:Graphic design]]
[[Category:Visual journalism]]