Editing Newzbin

{{Short description|Former British Usenet indexing website}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2025}}
{{Infobox website
| name            = Newzbin
| logo            = Newzbin2.png
| logocaption     = Newzbin logo
| screenshot      = Newzbin screenshot 500px.png
| screenshot_size = 220px
| collapsible     = yes
| collapsetext    = Screenshot of main page
| caption         =
| url             = (formerly newzbin.com)
| commercial      =
| type            =
| registration    =
| language        = English
| content_license =
| owner           =
| author          =
| launch_date     = <!--{{Start date and age|YYYY|MM|DD|df=yes/no}}-->
| revenue         =
| current_status  = Inactive, closed down on 28 November 2012
| footnotes       = 
}}

'''Newzbin''' was a British [[Usenet]] indexing website, intended to facilitate access to content on Usenet. The site caused controversy over its stance on [[copyright]]ed material. Access to the Newzbin.com website was blocked by [[BT Group|BT]] and [[Sky Broadband|Sky]] in late 2011, following legal action in the UK by [[Cinema of the United States|Hollywood]] film studios.<ref name = "block" /><ref name = "sky_block" />

The site announced that it had closed down on 28 November 2012.<ref>[https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/technology-20540853# Piracy site Newzbin2 gives up and closes 15 months after block] BBC News, 29 November 2012.</ref>

==Features==
Newzbin indexed [[binary file]]s that had been posted on [[Usenet]], and offered the results through a [[Web search engine|search engine]], with categories that included "Movies", "Music", "Apps" and "Books".<ref name = "review">[http://www.newsgroupreviews.com/newzbin-review.html Newzbin Review] Retrieved 17 November 2011.</ref><ref>[http://i.imgur.com/VHEJa.png Newzbin.com site interface] Retrieved 19 November 2011.</ref> The site created [[NZB]] files, which allowed the files to be downloaded with a suitable [[Newsreader (Usenet)|newsreader]].<ref name = "ars" /> NZB files are similar to [[torrent file]]s, as they do not contain the file itself, but information about the location of the file to be downloaded.<ref>[http://lifehacker.com/5601586/how-to-get-started-with-usenet-in-three-simple-steps How to Get Started with Usenet in Three Simple Steps] Lifehacker.com. Retrieved 18 November 2011.</ref> The search results could be browsed free of charge after creating a user account, but access to the NZB files was restricted to premium members who paid a subscription.<ref name = "review" /><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20080513070544/http://docs.newzbin.com/index.php/Newzbin:NZB_Guide Newzbin:NZB Guide] Retrieved 18 November 2011.</ref>

==2010 legal action from Hollywood studios==
In February and March 2010, [[20th Century Fox|Twentieth Century Fox Film Corporation]], [[Universal Studios, Inc.|Universal City Studios Productions LLLP]], [[Warner Bros.|Warner Bros. Entertainment Inc.]], [[Paramount Pictures|Paramount Pictures Corporation]], [[Disney Enterprises, Inc.]] and [[Columbia Pictures|Columbia Pictures Industries, Inc.]] took joint legal action against Newzbin in the [[High Court of Justice|High Court]] in [[London]], arguing that the site was encouraging widespread [[copyright infringement]] by indexing unofficial copies of films on Usenet.<ref name = "bailii" />

In March 2010, [[David Kitchin|Mr. Justice Kitchin]] ruled that Newzbin was deliberately indexing copyrighted content, observing that Newzbin had a "sophisticated and substantial infrastructure and in the region of 700,000 members, though not all premium", and that "for the year ended 31 December 2009, it had a turnover in excess of £1million, a profit in excess of £360,000 and paid dividends on ordinary shares of £415,000".<ref name = "bailii">{{cite BAILII |litigants=Twentieth Century Fox Film Corporation, Universal City Studios Productions LLLP, Warner Bros. Entertainment Inc., Paramount Pictures Corporation, Disney Enterprises, Inc., Columbia Pictures Industries, Inc. v Newzbin Limited|court= EWHC |division=Ch |year=2010 |num=608 |date=1–3, 8, 10 February, 2, 3 March 2010 |courtname=auto |juris=England and Wales}}</ref> Chris Elsworth, the main operator of Newzbin, had said repeatedly during the case that he had no knowledge of infringement occurring on the service, and that Newzbin's categories for "[[Cam (bootleg)|CAM]]," "[[screener (promotional)|screener]]," "[[telesync]]," "[[DVD]]", "[[R5 (bootleg)|R5 retail]]", "[[Blu-ray]]," and "[[HD DVD]]" did not suggest any evidence of infringement. Kitchin was critical of Elsworth, stating that his evidence disputing the claim that the site's features did not encourage copyright infringement was "simply not credible".<ref name = "ars">{{cite news|url=https://arstechnica.com/tech-policy/news/2010/03/usenet-curator-newzbin-hammered-by-uk-court-for-infringement.ars|title=Usenet curator Newzbin hammered by UK court for infringement|date=2010-03-30|publisher=[[Arstechnica]]}}</ref><ref name = "bailii" />

On 18 May 2010, the Newzbin.com site was temporarily shut down, displaying the message "Regrettably the Newzbin website has to close as a result of the legal action against us."<ref>{{cite web|last=Oates |first=John|url=https://www.theregister.co.uk/2010/05/19/newzbin_shuts |title=Newzbin goes titsup |publisher=The Register |date=2010-05-19 |accessdate=2011-10-15}}</ref>

By 2 June 2010, Newzbin was back online, under the name Newzbin2, but using the same code and database as its predecessor, and hosted in the [[Seychelles]].<ref name="seychelles">[https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/technology-14339223 Newzbin: What happens next?] BBC technology news 29 July 2011</ref>

==2011 legal action and ISP site blocking==
In June 2011, the [[Motion Picture Association]] applied for an [[injunction]] to force [[BT Group|BT]], the largest [[Internet service provider]] in the United Kingdom, to cut off customers' access to Newzbin.<ref name=MPAinjunction>[https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/technology-13927335 Film-makers seek injunction to block pirate site] BBC technology news 28 June 2011</ref> On 28 July 2011, the High Court ruled that BT had to block access to Newzbin, using [[Cleanfeed (content blocking system)|Cleanfeed]].<ref name = "bailii_2011">{{cite BAILII |litigants=Twentieth Century Fox Film Corporation, Universal City Studios Productions LLLP, Warner Bros. Entertainment Inc., Paramount Pictures Corporation, Disney Enterprises, Inc., Columbia Pictures Industries, Inc. v British Telecommunications PLC|court= EWHC |division=Ch |year=2011 |num=1981 |date=28–29 June 2011 with further written submissions: 15, 19 July 2011 |courtname=auto |juris=England and Wales}}</ref> BT announced that it would not appeal against the ruling.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/technology-14322957 |title=BT ordered to block links to Newzbin 2 website |publisher=BBC News|date=2011-07-28 |accessdate=2011-10-15}}</ref> The [[Open Rights Group]] was critical of the decision, saying that it could set a "dangerous" precedent.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.searchclinic.org/2011/08/court-orders-bt-to-censor-newzbin-website.htm |title=Search Clinic – Court orders BT to censor Newzbin website |publisher=Searchclinic.org |date=2011-08-02 |accessdate=2011-10-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120718150811/http://www.searchclinic.org/2011/08/court-orders-bt-to-censor-newzbin-website.htm |archive-date=18 July 2012 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

In September 2011, Newzbin released [[Client (computing)|client software]] which aimed to circumvent the BT blocking.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.zdnet.co.uk/blogs/communication-breakdown-10000030/newzbin-client-aims-to-circumvent-bt-blocking-10024357/|title=Newzbin client aims to circumvent BT blocking|date=16 September 2011|accessdate=2011-09-18|newspaper=ZD Net}}</ref>

On 26 October 2011 at the High Court, Mr. Justice Arnold ordered BT to block its estimated six million customers' access to the website Newzbin2 within fourteen days, the first ruling of its kind under [[Copyright law of the United Kingdom|UK copyright law]].<ref name = "block">
{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2011/oct/26/bt-block-newzbin2-filesharing-site/|title= BT ordered to block Newzbin2 filesharing site within 14 days|newspaper= The Guardian|date=26 October 2011|accessdate=17 November 2011|location=London|first=Mark|last=Sweney}}</ref> Attempts to access the site from a BT [[IP address]] were met by the message "Error – site blocked".<ref>[http://i.imgur.com/3KadF.png Error message from browser] Retrieved 17 November 2011.</ref> Newzbin claimed that the block was ineffective, and that 93.5% of its active UK users had downloaded its workaround software. A study suggested that the workaround involved [[encryption]] to hide communication between users and Newzbin2, including the use of the [[Tor (anonymity network)|Tor]] network.<ref>[https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/technology-15572495 Newzbin claims BT block 'not working'] BBC News, 3 November 2011. Retrieved 17 November 2011.</ref>

[[Sky Broadband|Sky]] blocked access to Newzbin, stating: "We have received a court order requiring us to block access to this illegal website, which we did on 13th December, 2011."<ref name = "sky_block">[http://www.sky.com/helpcentre/broadband/protecting-copyright/ Sky’s approach to protecting copyright] Retrieved 15 December 2011.</ref>

==2012==
On 26 January 2012, [[barrister]] David Harris, who had represented Newzbin during part of the 2010 High Court case, was [[Disbarment|disbarred]] after it emerged that 100% of the site's issued [[share capital]] was held in his name. He was also fined £2,500 after [[Twitter|tweeting]] as "@Geeklawyer", describing opposing lawyers with the words "slimebags" and "prick".<ref name="disbarment">
{{cite news|url=http://www.zdnet.co.uk/blogs/communication-breakdown-10000030/newzbin-lawyer-disbarred-for-lying-about-ownership-10025304/|title=Newzbin lawyer disbarred for lying about ownership|work=ZDNet|date=27 January 2012|accessdate=11 February 2012|first=David|last=Meyer|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120321200537/http://www.zdnet.co.uk/blogs/communication-breakdown-10000030/newzbin-lawyer-disbarred-for-lying-about-ownership-10025304/|archivedate=21 March 2012}}</ref><ref>[http://www.barstandardsboard.org.uk/complaints-and-professional-conduct/disciplinary-tribunals-and-findings/disciplinary-findings/?DisciplineID=75521 Disciplinary findings] Bar Standards Board. 26 January 2012. Retrieved 11 February 2012.</ref>

In February 2012, the Newzbin.com domain closed down, and the site moved to Newzbin2.es.<ref>[http://i.imgur.com/miry8.png Closedown notice of Newzbin.com]. Retrieved 11 February 2012.</ref>

On 13 August 2012, [[Virgin Media]] blocked access to the site.<ref>[http://community.virginmedia.com/t5/Announcements/Newzbin-blocked-by-court-order/td-p/1360888 Newzbin blocked by court order] Retrieved 15 August 2012.</ref>

===Closedown===
On 28 November 2012, Newzbin2.es announced the closure of its indexing service, displaying to visitors the following text on its main page:

{{blockquote |It is with regret that we announce the closure of Newzbin2.

 A combination of several factors has made this the only option. For a long time we have struggled with poor indexing of Usenet, poor numbers of reports caused by the majority of our editors dropping out & no-one replacing them. Our servers have been unstable and crashing on a regular basis meaning the NZBs & NFOs are unavailable for long periods and we don't have the money to replace them.

 Newzbin2 was always hoped to be a viable underground commercial venture. The figures just don't stack up. Newzbin1 was said to have had 700,000 registered users. In fact that was the total number of people who ever signed up in the history of Newzbin from 2000 onwards & only a fraction were active, loads of people dropped out & went to other sites. We reckon they had about 100,000 users and of those only a few 10's of thousands paid premium topups.That still made good money for the Newzbin1 guys. We never quite got the trust and lots of people said "Newzbin2 is an [[Motion Picture Association|MPA]] trap", that stung us bad and we never got the userbase back. We don't have much more than about 40000 active users and the number of premium users is in the small thousands. It costs much more to run than we bring in, It just doesn't stack up.

 To make things worse all our payment providers dropped out or started running scared. The MPA sued [[PayPal]] and are going at our innocent payment provider Kthxbai Ltd in the UK. Our other payment provider has understandably lost their nerve. Result? We have no more payment providers to offer & no realistic means of taking money (no, [[Bitcoin]] isn't credible as it's just too hard for 90% of people).

 The tragedy is this: unlike Newzbin1 we are 100% [[Digital Millennium Copyright Act|DMCA]] compliant. We have acted on every DMCA notice we received without stalling or playing games: if there was a DMCA complaint the report was gone. Period. That was a condition of our advertising & payment partners so we complied but we never got a single complaint from the MPA. Not one.

 Will we be back? not as a search service but we might run a blog from this site at some point.}}

===December 2012 court action against former Newzbin directors===

On 20 December 2012 at the [[High Court of Justice|High Court]] in London, Mr Justice Newey ruled that the film studios involved in the legal action against Newzbin did not have a proprietary claim to money derived from infringement of copyright. The studios had taken action against David Harris and Chris Elsworth, two of the former directors of the company.<ref name = "bailii_2012">{{cite BAILII |litigants=Twentieth Century Fox Film Corporation, Universal City Studios Productions LLC, Warner Bros. Entertainment Inc., Paramount Pictures Corporation, Disney Enterprises, Inc., Columbia Pictures Industries, Inc. v David Harris, KTHXBAI Limited, The NZB Foundation, PAYPAL (EUROPE) SARL et CIE SCA, Christopher Elsworth, Motors for Movies Limited|court= EWHC |division=Ch |year=2013 |num=159 |date=20 December 2012 |courtname=auto |juris=England and Wales}}</ref>

==See also==
*[[Comparison of Usenet newsreaders]]
*[[Digital Economy Act 2010]]
*[[Grokster]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Usenet]]
[[Category:United Kingdom copyright law]]
[[Category:Copyright law]]
[[Category:Copyright legislation]]
[[Category:Computer law]]
[[Category:2011 in law]]
[[Category:Internet in the United Kingdom]]
[[Category:Copyright infringement]]
[[Category:Internet services shut down by a legal challenge]]