Editing Nièvre

{{short description|Department of France}}
{{for|the river|Nièvre (Loire)}}
{{Infobox settlement
<!-- See Template:Infobox settlement for additional fields and descriptions -->
| name                    = Nièvre
| native_name             = 
| native_name_lang        = fr<!-- ISO 639-2 code e.g. "fr" for French. If more than one, use {{lang}} instead -->
| type                    = [[Departments of France|Department of France]]
| image_skyline           = Cathedral of Nevers 08.jpg
| image_alt               = 
| image_caption           = A view of the [[Prefectures in France|prefecture]] of the Nièvre department, the city of [[Nevers]], on the river [[Loire]], with [[Nevers Cathedral]] in the background
| image_flag              = Drapeau fr département Nièvre.svg
| flag_alt                = 
| image_shield            = Blason département fr Nièvre.svg
| shield_alt              = 
| nickname                = 
| motto                   = 
| image_map               = Nièvre-Position.svg
| map_alt                 = 
| map_caption             = Location of Nièvre in France
| pushpin_map             = 
| pushpin_label_position  = 
| pushpin_map_alt         = 
| pushpin_map_caption     = 
| coordinates             = {{coord|47|05|N|03|30|E|region:FR-58_type:adm2nd_scale:1000000_source:frwiki|display=inline,title}}
| coor_pinpoint           = 
| coordinates_footnotes   = 
| subdivision_type        = [[List of sovereign states|Country]]
| subdivision_name        = [[France]]
| subdivision_type1       = [[Regions of France|Region]]
| subdivision_name1       = [[Bourgogne-Franche-Comté]]
| established_title       = 
| established_date        = 
| founder                 = 
| seat_type               = [[Prefectures in France|Prefecture]]
| seat                    = [[Nevers]]
| parts_type              = [[Subprefectures in France|Subprefectures]]
| parts_style             = para
| p1                      = [[Château-Chinon (Ville)|Château-Chinon]]<br />[[Clamecy, Nièvre|Clamecy]]<br />[[Cosne-Cours-sur-Loire]]
| government_footnotes    = 
| leader_party            = [[Socialist Party (France)|PS]]
| leader_title            = [[List of presidents of departmental councils (France)|President of the Departmental Council]]
| leader_name             = Fabien Bazin<ref>{{cite web|title=Répertoire national des élus: les conseillers départementaux|url=https://www.data.gouv.fr/fr/datasets/r/601ef073-d986-4582-8e1a-ed14dc857fba|website=data.gouv.fr, Plateforme ouverte des données publiques françaises|date=4 May 2022|language=fr}}</ref>
| unit_pref               = Metric<!-- or US or UK -->
| area_magnitude          = 
| area_footnotes          = {{ref|area|1}}
| area_total_km2          = 6817
| area_note               = 
| elevation_footnotes     = 
| elevation_m             = 
| elevation_min_m         = 
| elevation_max_m         = 
| population_total        = {{France metadata Wikidata|population_total}}
| population_as_of        = {{France metadata Wikidata|population_as_of}}
| population_footnotes    = {{France metadata Wikidata|population_footnotes2}}
| population_rank         = [[List of French departments by population|89th]]
| population_density_km2  = auto
| population_demonym      = 
| population_note         = 
| blank_name_sec1         = [[Departments of France|Department number]]
| blank_info_sec1         = 58
| blank_name_sec2         = [[Arrondissements of France|Arrondissements]]
| blank_info_sec2         = [[Arrondissements of the Nièvre department|4]]
| blank1_name_sec2        = [[Cantons in France|Cantons]]
| blank1_info_sec2        = [[Cantons of the Nièvre department|17]]
| blank2_name_sec2        = [[Communes in France|Communes]]
| blank2_info_sec2        = [[Communes of the Nièvre department|309]]
| timezone1               = [[Central European Time|CET]]
| utc_offset1             = +1
| timezone1_DST           = [[Central European Summer Time|CEST]]
| utc_offset1_DST         = +2
| postal_code_type        = 
| postal_code             = 
| area_code_type          = 
| area_code               = 
| iso_code                = FR-58
| website                 = 
| footnotes               = {{note|area|1}} French Land Register data, which exclude estuaries and lakes, ponds and glaciers larger than 1 km<sup>2</sup>.
}}

'''Nièvre''' ({{IPA|fr|njɛvʁ|IPA|Fr-Paris--Nièvre.ogg}}) is a [[Departments of France|department]] in the [[Bourgogne-Franche-Comté]] [[Regions of France|region]], central-east [[France]]. Named after the river [[Nièvre (Loire)|Nièvre]], it had a population of 204,452 in 2019.<ref name="frenchentree.com">{{cite web|url=https://www.frenchentree.com/french-property/regional-property-guides/a-guide-to-the-departments-of-bourgogne-franche-comte/|title=A Guide to the Departments of Bourgogne-Franche-Comté - New Regions|date=13 October 2016|website=frenchentree.com|access-date=5 April 2018}}</ref><ref name=pop2019>[https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/6011060/dep58.pdf Populations légales 2019: 58 Nièvre], INSEE</ref> Its [[Prefectures in France|prefecture]] is [[Nevers]].

Covering an area 6,817 square kilometres (2,632 sq mi), Nièvre is landlocked between six other departments: [[Yonne]] to the north, [[Côte-d'Or]] to the east, [[Saône-et-Loire]] to the southeast, [[Allier]] to the south, [[Cher (department)|Cher]] to the west and [[Loiret]] to the northwest.
{{TOC limit|2}}

==History==
Nièvre is one of the original 83 departments created during the [[French Revolution]] on 4 March 1790. It was created from the [[Provinces of France|former province]] of [[Nivernais]].

==Geography==
Nièvre is part of the current [[Regions of France|region]] of [[Bourgogne-Franche-Comté]],<ref name="frenchentree.com"/> although historically it was not part of the province of [[Duchy of Burgundy|Burgundy]].

The department is crossed by the river [[Loire]], the longest river in France. Industry developed around cast iron foundries using the ample supply of wood then available. Coal mining also developed during the Middle Ages around Decize and continued until the last mine closed in 1974. Forestry is now an important provider of employment. Tourists are attracted by the numerous historic sites. The Canal du Nivernais waterway is popular with houseboating enthusiasts.

==Demographics==
Nièvre is a rural department with about 31 inhabitants per km<sup>2</sup>.<ref name=pop2016/> Only one city (Nevers) has more than 10,000 inhabitants.<ref name="pop2019"/> It indicates the characteristic of the department, which is predominantly rural. The department is slowly losing its population since the 1970s, at the rate of 900 people a year.<ref name=pop2016/> Abandoned houses can be seen in villages and the price of peripheral real estate is one of the lowest in France.

Population development since 1801:{{historical populations|cols=2|align=none|percentages=pagr|footnote=Sources:<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://splaf.free.fr/58his.html|title=Historique de la Nièvre|website=Le SPLAF}}</ref><ref name=pop2016>{{cite web|url=https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/4176909?geo=DEP-58|title=Évolution et structure de la population en 2016|publisher=INSEE}}</ref>|graph-pos=bottom
|13=1801|14=232,590|15=1806|16=241,739|17=1821|18=257,990|19=1831|20=282,521|21=1841|22=305,346|23=1851|24=327,161|25=1861|26=332,814|27=1872|28=339,917|29=1881|30=347,576|31=1891|32=343,576|33=1901|34=323,783|35=1911|36=299,312|37=1921|38=270,148|39=1931|40=255,195|41=1936|42=249,673|43=1946|44=248,559|45=1954|46=240,078|47=1962|48=245,921|49=1968|50=247,702|51=1975|52=245,212|53=1982|54=239,635|55=1990|56=233,278|57=1999|58=225,198|59=2006|60=222,218|61=2011|62=218,341|63=2016|64=209,161}}

===Principal towns===
The most populous commune is [[Nevers]], the prefecture. As of 2019, there are 6 communes with more than 4,000 inhabitants:<ref name=pop2019/>

{| class=wikitable
! Commune
! Population (2019)
|-
| [[Nevers]]
| style="text-align: center;" | 33,005
|-
| [[Cosne-Cours-sur-Loire]]
| style="text-align: center;" | 9,589
|-
| [[Varennes-Vauzelles]]
| style="text-align: center;" | 9,201
|-
| [[Decize]]
| style="text-align: center;" | 5,233
|-
| [[La Charité-sur-Loire]]
| style="text-align: center;" | 4,742
|-
| [[Fourchambault]]
| style="text-align: center;" | 4,125
|}

== Wines ==
Nièvre is also well known for its [[white wine]], [[Pouilly Fumé]].<ref name="pouilly-fume.com">{{cite web|url=https://www.pouilly-fume.com/pouilly.en.html|title=Pouilly-Fumé|website=www.pouilly-fume.com|access-date=5 April 2018}}</ref> The vineyards are scattered around villages including Pouilly-Sur-Loire, which lends its name to the appellation, Tracy sur Loire, Boisgibault, Saint Andelain. The word fumé is French for "smoky", and it is said the name comes from the smoky or flinty quality of these wines.<ref name="pouilly-fume.com"/> The only grape allowed in the Pouilly-Fumé AC is [[Sauvignon blanc]], which produces wines that are generally crisp, tart, and somewhat grassy. There is also a confidential production of red pinot noir wine near La Charité sur Loire.

== Politics ==
The President of the Departmental Council is [[Socialist Party (France)|Socialist]] Fabien Bazin, elected in July 2021. The Departmental Council of Nièvre has 34 seats. The left-wing coalition led by the Socialist Party has 20 seats.

Nièvre is traditionally a left-wing department. The results of the second round of voting in presidential elections reflect this consistently:
* In the [[2007 French presidential election|2007 presidential election]], [[Ségolène Royal]] received 52.91% of the department's votes, as against a national per centage of just 46.94%.
* In the [[1995 French presidential election|1995 presidential election]], [[Lionel Jospin]] received 57.07% of the department's votes, as against a national per centage of just 47.36%.
* In the [[1981 French presidential election|1981 presidential election]], [[François Mitterrand]] received 62.91% of the department's votes, as against a national per centage of 51.76%.

This historical tendency has been recently and dramatically reversed as the far-right Front National party has come out ahead in all the elections since 2015. In the 2017 and 2022 presidential elections, Marine le Pen won most votes in the first rounds. However the two députés of the department belong to République En Marche, the party of Emmanuel Macron.

Nièvre's best-known political representative was [[François Mitterrand]] who served as a senator and a deputy for the department, as well as mayor of [[Château-Chinon (Ville)|Château-Chinon]] for 22 years before his election to the presidency of France in 1981.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.burgundytoday.com/historic-places/famous-names/mitterrand.htm|title=History of Burgundy, Famous Names|website=www.burgundytoday.com|access-date=5 April 2018}}</ref>

===Representation in Parliament===
====National Assembly====
In the [[2017 French legislative election|2017 legislative election]], Nièvre elected the following representatives to the [[National Assembly (France)|National Assembly]]:

{| class="wikitable"
|-
!colspan="2"|Constituency!!Member<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.assemblee-nationale.fr/|title=Assemblée nationale ~ Les députés, le vote de la loi, le Parlement français|first=Assemblée|last=Nationale|website=Assemblée nationale}}</ref>!!Party
|-
|style="background-color: {{party color|En Marche!}}" |
| [[Nièvre's 1st constituency]]
| [[Perrine Goulet]]
| [[La République En Marche!]]
|-
|style="background-color: {{party color|En Marche!}}" |
| [[Nièvre's 2nd constituency]]
| [[Patrice Perrot]]
| [[La République En Marche!]]
|}

====Senate====
In the [[2017 French Senate election|2017 Senate election]], Nièvre elected Patrice Joly ([[Socialist Party (France)|Socialist Party]]) and Nadia Sollogoub ([[miscellaneous right]]) to the [[Senate (France)|Senate]].

==Tourism==
<gallery>
File:F06.Nevers.Palais Ducal.1161.JPG|Ducal Palace in [[Nevers]]
File:La commanderie de Villemoison - Vue d'ensemble - 002.jpg|[[Commandry (feudalism)|Commandry]] of the [[Knights Templar]] in [[Saint-Père, Nièvre|Villemoison]]
File:2012-07-21 20-23-03 3-33 3-49 4-03 4-12 4-23 4-34-PA00112826-La Charité sur Loire ShiftN.jpg|Notre-Dame of [[La Charité-sur-Loire]]
File:Chateau-de-Villemolin-0484.jpg|[[Château de Villemolin]]
File:Abbaye St Leonard a Corbigny DSC 0414.jpg|Abbey of [[Corbigny]]
</gallery>

==Sport==
The [[Circuit de Nevers Magny-Cours]] hosted the [[Formula One]] [[French Grand Prix]] from 1991 to 2008, the [[Bol d'Or]] from 2000 to 2014, and the French round of the [[Superbike World Championship]] since 2003. [[USO Nevers]] is a professional rugby team that plays in [[Rugby Pro D2]].

==See also==
*[[Cantons of the Nièvre department]]
*[[Communes of the Nièvre department]]
*[[Arrondissements of the Nièvre department]]
*[[Parc naturel régional du Morvan]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons category|Nièvre}}
*{{in lang|fr}} [http://www.nievre.gouv.fr/ Prefecture website]
*{{in lang|fr}} [https://nievre.fr/ Departmental council website]
* [http://www.nievre-tourisme.com/ Official website of the Departmental Touristic Agency of Nièvre in Burgundy]

{{Departments of France}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Nievre}}
[[Category:Nièvre| ]]
[[Category:1790 establishments in France]]
[[Category:Departments of Bourgogne-Franche-Comté]]
[[Category:States and territories established in 1790]]