Editing Nice

{{Short description|Prefecture in France}}
{{about|the city in France|the English word "nice"|Kindness|other uses}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2024}}
{{Infobox French commune
| name                   = Nice
| native name            = {{resize|80%|{{native name|oc|Niça}}}}
| commune status         = [[Prefectures in France|Prefecture]] and [[Communes of France|commune]]
| image                  = {{multiple image
| border                   = infobox
| total_width              = 280
| image_style              = border:1;
| perrow                   = 1/2/2/2
 | image1 = Nice from Castle Hill 01.jpg
 | caption1 = View of the town
 | image2 = Promenade des Anglais Nice IMG 1255.jpg
 | caption2 = [[Promenade des Anglais]]
 | image3 = Cathedrale Sainte-Reparate Nice.jpg
 | caption3 = [[Nice Cathedral]]
 | image4 = Nice - Tête Carrée (16094466898).jpg
 | caption4 = [[:fr:Tête Carrée|Tête Carrée]]
 | image5 = Place-Masséna 01.jpg
 | caption5 = [[Place Masséna]]
 | image6 = Avenue Jean Medecin Nice.jpg
 | caption6 = [[Avenue Jean Médecin]]
 | image7 = Flickr - fr.zil - église russe à Nice 7.jpg
 | caption7 = [[Russian Orthodox Cathedral, Nice|Russian Church]]
}}
| image coat of arms     = Nizza-Stemma.svg
| image flag             = Bandièra_de_Niça.svg
| city motto             = ''Nicæa civitas fidelissima''<br />{{nowrap|([[Latin]]: Nice, most loyal city)}}
| coordinates            = {{coord|43.7034|7.2663|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
| INSEE                  = 06088
| arrondissement         = Nice
| canton                 = [[Canton of Nice-1|Nice-1]], [[Canton of Nice-2|2]], [[Canton of Nice-3|3]],  [[Canton of Nice-4|4]], [[Canton of Nice-5|5]], [[Canton of Nice-6|6]], [[Canton of Nice-7|7]], [[Canton of Nice-8|8]], and [[Canton of Nice-9|9]]
| mayor                  = [[Christian Estrosi]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Répertoire national des élus: les maires|url=https://www.data.gouv.fr/fr/datasets/r/2876a346-d50c-4911-934e-19ee07b0e503|publisher=data.gouv.fr, Plateforme ouverte des données publiques françaises|date=6 June 2023|language=fr}}</ref>
| party                  = [[Horizons (political party)|Horizons]]
| term                   = 2020&ndash;2026
| area km2               = 71.92
| population             = {{France metadata Wikidata|population_total}}
| population date        = {{France metadata Wikidata|population_as_of}}
| population footnotes   = {{France metadata Wikidata|population_footnotes}}
| population ranking     = [[List of communes in France with over 20,000 inhabitants|5th in France]]
| population demonym     = Niçois ([[Masculine gender|m]])<br>Niçoise ([[Feminine gender|f]])
| urban pop              = 944321
| urban area km2         = 743.6
| urban pop date         = 2018<ref name=compar/>
| metro area pop         = 609695
| metro area km2         = 2073
| metro area pop date    = 2018<ref name=compar/>
| intercommunality       = [[Métropole Nice Côte d'Azur]]
| website = {{URL|http://www.nice.fr/}}
| footnotes = {{Infobox UNESCO World Heritage Site
  | Official_name = Nice, Winter Resort Town of the Riviera
 | Type = Cultural
  | Criteria      = ii
  | ID            = 1635
  | Year          = 2021
  | child         = yes
}}
}}

'''Nice{{efn|[[Niçard dialect|Niçard]]: {{lang|oc|Niça}}, classical norm, or {{lang|oc|Nissa}}, Mistralian norm, {{IPA|oc|ˈnisa|pron}}; {{langx|it|Nizza}} {{IPA|it|ˈnittsa|}}; {{langx|lij|Nissa}}; {{langx|grc|Νίκαια}}; {{langx|la|Nicaea}}}}''' ({{IPAc-en|n|iː|s}} {{respell|NEESS}}; {{IPA|fr|nis|-|LL-Q150 (fra)-GrandCelinien-Nice.wav}}) is a city in and the prefecture of the [[Alpes-Maritimes]] [[departments of France|department]] in France. The Nice [[urban unit|agglomeration]] extends far beyond the administrative city limits, with a population of nearly one million<ref name=World_Urban_Areas>[http://www.demographia.com/db-worldua.pdf Demographia: World Urban Areas] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200207210003/http://www.demographia.com/db-worldua.pdf |date=7 February 2020 }}, Demographia.com, April 2016</ref><ref name=compar/> on an area of {{convert|744|km2|sqmi|0|abbr=on}}.<ref name=compar/> Located on the [[French Riviera]], the southeastern coast of France on the [[Mediterranean Sea]], at the foot of the [[French Alps]], Nice is the second-largest French city on the Mediterranean coast and second-largest city in the [[Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur]] [[Regions of France|region]] after [[Marseille]]. Nice is approximately {{convert|13|km|0}} from the [[principality]] of [[Monaco]] and {{convert|30|km}} from the [[France–Italy border|French–Italian border]]. [[Nice Côte d'Azur Airport|Nice's airport]] serves as a gateway to the region.

The city is nicknamed {{lang|fr|Nice la Belle}} ({{lang|oc|[[Nissa La Bella]]}} in [[Niçard dialect|Niçard]]), meaning 'Nice the Beautiful', which is also the title of the unofficial anthem of Nice, written by [[Menica Rondelly]] in 1912. The area of today's Nice contains [[Terra Amata (archaeological site)|Terra Amata]], an archaeological site which displays evidence of a very early use of fire 380,000 years ago. Around 350 BC, Greeks of Marseille founded a permanent settlement and called it ''Nikaia'', after [[Nike (mythology)|Nike]], the goddess of victory.<ref name=":0">{{cite book |editor-last= Ruggiero |editor-first=Alain |title=Nouvelle histoire de Nice |location=Toulouse |publisher=Privat |year=2006 |isbn=978-2-7089-8335-9 |pages=17–18}}</ref> Through the ages, the town has changed hands many times. Its strategic location and port significantly contributed to its maritime strength. From 1388, it was a dominion of [[Duchy of Savoy|Savoy]], then became part of the [[French First Republic]] between 1792 and 1815, when it was returned to the [[Kingdom of Piedmont-Sardinia]], the legal predecessor of the [[Kingdom of Italy]], until its annexation by France in 1860.

The natural environment of the Nice area and its mild Mediterranean climate came to the attention of the English upper classes in the second half of the 18th century, when an increasing number of aristocratic families began spending their winters there. In 1931, following its refurbishment, the city's main seaside promenade, the [[Promenade des Anglais]] ("Walkway of the English"), was inaugurated by [[Prince Arthur, Duke of Connaught]]; it owes its name to visitors to the resort.<ref>Alain Ruggiero, op. cit., p. 137</ref> These included [[Queen Victoria]] along with her son [[Edward VII]] who spent winters there, as well as [[Henry Cavendish]], born in Nice, who discovered hydrogen.

The clear air and soft light have particularly appealed to notable painters, such as [[Marc Chagall]], [[Henri Matisse]], [[Niki de Saint Phalle]], and [[Arman]]. Their work is commemorated in many of the city's museums, including [[Musée Marc Chagall]], [[Musée Matisse (Nice)|Musée Matisse]] and [[Musée des Beaux-Arts de Nice|Musée des Beaux-Arts]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Nice, France travel. Comprehensive guide to Nice|url=http://www.europe-cities.com/en/573/france/nice/|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110417013429/http://www.europe-cities.com/en/573/france/nice/|archive-date=17 April 2011|access-date=3 April 2011|publisher=Europe-cities.com}}</ref> International writers have also been attracted and inspired by the city. [[Frank Harris]] wrote several books including his autobiography ''[[My Life and Loves]]'' in Nice. [[Friedrich Nietzsche]] spent six consecutive winters in Nice, and wrote ''[[Thus Spoke Zarathustra]]'' there. Additionally, Russian writer [[Anton Chekhov]] completed his play ''[[Three Sisters (play)|Three Sisters]]'' while living in Nice.

Nice's appeal extended to the Russian upper classes. [[Nicholas Alexandrovich, Tsesarevich of Russia|Prince Nicholas Alexandrovich]], heir apparent to [[Imperial Russia]], died in Nice and was a patron of the [[Russian Orthodox Cemetery, Nice]] where [[Catherine Dolgorukov|Princess Catherine Dolgorukova]], [[Morganatic marriage|morganatic]] wife of the [[Tsar]] [[Alexander II of Russia]], is buried. Also buried there are [[Dmitry Shcherbachev|General Dmitry Shcherbachev]] and [[Nikolai Yudenich|General Nikolai Yudenich]], leaders of the anti-Communist [[White movement|White Movement]].

Those interred at the [[Cimetière du Château]] include celebrated jeweler [[Alfred Van Cleef]], [[Emil Jellinek|Emil Jellinek-Mercedes]], founder of the Mercedes car company, film director [[Louis Feuillade]], poet [[Agathe-Sophie Sasserno]], dancer [[Carolina Otero]], ''[[Asterix]]'' comics creator [[René Goscinny]], ''[[The Phantom of the Opera (novel)|The Phantom of the Opera]]'' author [[Gaston Leroux]], French prime minister [[Léon Gambetta]], and the first president of the [[International Court of Justice]] [[José Gustavo Guerrero]].

Because of its historical importance as a winter resort town for the European aristocracy and the resulting mix of cultures found in the city, [[UNESCO]] proclaimed Nice a [[World Heritage Site]] in 2021.<ref name="heritage2021">{{cite news|url=https://www.france24.com/en/france/20210727-french-city-of-nice-gains-unesco-world-heritage-status|title=Southern French city of Nice earns UNESCO world heritage status|website=France 24|date=27 July 2021|access-date=30 July 2021}}</ref> The city has the second largest hotel capacity in the country,<ref>[http://www.agglo-nice.fr/chiffres-cles-atouts-territoire.htm Un savoir-faire et un équipement complet en matière d'accueil], [[Urban community of Nice Côte d'Azur]] website {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090224120503/http://www.agglo-nice.fr/chiffres-cles-atouts-territoire.htm |date=24 February 2009 }}</ref> and it is the second most visited metropolis in [[Metropolitan France]], receiving four million tourists every year.<ref>[http://www.nice.fr/mairie_nice_19918.html Les chiffres clés du tourisme à Nice], site municipal {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071217222657/http://www.nice.fr/mairie_nice_19918.html |date=17 December 2007 }}</ref> It also has the third busiest [[Nice Côte d'Azur Airport|airport]] in France, after the two main Parisian ones.<ref name="aeroport">{{cite web |url=http://www.aeroport.fr/fichiers/stats_2007.pdf |title=Union des aéroports français – Résultats d'activité des aéroports français 2007 – Trafic passagers 2007 classement – page 8 |access-date=3 April 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120229142615/http://www.aeroport.fr/fichiers/stats_2007.pdf |archive-date=29 February 2012 }}</ref> It is the historical capital city of the [[County of Nice]] ({{langx|fr|Comté de Nice}}, Niçard: {{lang|oc|Countèa de Nissa}}).<ref name="EB1911">{{EB1911|wstitle=Nice (France)|display=Nice|volume=19|pages=646–647|inline=1}}</ref> Nice will be the main venue for the [[2030 Winter Olympics]].

==History==
{{see also|Timeline of Nice}}

===Foundation===
{{Main|Magna Graecia|Liguria|Phocaea}}
[[File:Regio IX Liguria.jpg|thumb|upright|Nice in the ''[[Regio IX Liguria]]'' in [[Roman Italy]]]]
The first known hominid settlements in the Nice area date back about 400,000 years (''[[Homo erectus]]'');<ref>{{cite web| url=http://www.musee-terra-amata.org/francais/prehistoire/origine4.htm| language=fr| title=Le Nouveau venu| publisher=Musée de Paléontologie Humaine de Terra Amata| access-date=5 March 2009| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090311090250/http://www.musee-terra-amata.org/francais/prehistoire/origine4.htm| archive-date=11 March 2009| url-status=dead| df=dmy-all}}</ref> the ''[[Terra Amata (archaeological site)|Terra Amata]]'' archeological site shows one of the earliest uses of fire, construction of houses, as well as flint findings dated to around 230,000 years ago.<ref>{{cite journal| title=Thermoluminescence dating of burnt flint: application to a Lower Paleolithic site, Terra Amata| author1=A. G. Wintle| author2=M. J: Aitken| journal=[[Archaeometry]]| volume=19| issue=2| date=July 1997| pages=111–130| doi=10.1111/j.1475-4754.1977.tb00189.x| url=http://www.bcin.ca/Interface/openbcin.cgi?submit=submit&Chinkey=51437| access-date=5 March 2009| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170629205458/http://www.bcin.ca/Interface/openbcin.cgi?submit=submit&Chinkey=51437| archive-date=29 June 2017| url-status=dead| url-access=subscription}}</ref> Nice was probably founded around 350 BC by colonists from the Greek city of [[Phocaea]] in western [[Anatolia]]. It was given the name of ''Níkaia'' ({{lang|grc|Νίκαια}}) in honour of a victory over the neighbouring [[Ligurians]] (people from the northwest of [[Italy]], probably the Vediantii kingdom); [[Nike (mythology)|Nike]] ({{lang|grc|Νίκη}}) was the [[Greek mythology|Greek goddess]] of victory. The city soon became one of the busiest trading ports on the Ligurian coast; but it had an important rival in the Roman town of [[Cemenelum]], which continued to exist as a separate city until the time of the [[Lombards|Lombard]] invasions.<ref name=EB1911/> The ruins of Cemenelum are in [[Cimiez]], now a district of Nice.

===Early development===
{{See also|Roman Catholic Diocese of Nice|County of Nice}}
[[File:Nice tour Saint-Francois.jpg|thumb|upright|The Tower of St. François]]
In the 7th century, Nice joined the [[Genoa|Genoese]] League formed by the towns of [[Liguria]]. In 729 the city repulsed the [[Saracens]]; but in 859 and again in 880 the Saracens pillaged and burned it, and for most of the 10th century remained masters of the surrounding country.<ref name=EB1911/>

During the [[Middle Ages]], Nice participated in the wars and [[history of Italy]]. As an ally of [[Pisa]] it was the enemy of [[Genoa]], and both the [[King of France]] and the [[Holy Roman Emperor]] endeavoured to subjugate it; despite this, it maintained its municipal liberties. During the 13th and 14th centuries the city fell more than once into the hands of the [[Counts of Provence]],<ref name=EB1911/> but it regained its independence even though related to Genoa.

[[File:Italy 1494.svg|thumb|upright|Duchy of Savoy (red) and other independent Italian states in 1494]]

The medieval city walls surrounded the Old Town. The landward side was protected by the River [[Paillon]], which was later covered over and is now the tram route towards the Acropolis. The east side of the town was protected by fortifications on [[Castle of Nice#Castle Hill|Castle Hill]]. Another river flowed into the port on the east side of Castle Hill. Engravings suggest that the port area was also defended by walls. Under [[Monoprix]] in Place de Garibaldi are excavated remains of a well-defended city gate on the main road from [[Turin]].{{citation needed|date=November 2020}}

===Duchy of Savoy===
{{See also|Duchy of Savoy}}
[[File:Cosmographie universelle 50551.jpg|thumb|upright|Nice in 1575]]
[[File:Plan-Nice-1624.jpg|thumb|upright|Nice in 1624]]

In 1388, the commune placed itself under the protection of the [[County of Savoy|Counts of Savoy]].<ref name=EB1911/> Nice participated – directly or indirectly – in the history of [[Savoy]] until 1860.{{Citation needed|date=November 2017}}

The maritime strength of Nice now rapidly increased until it was able to cope with the [[Barbary pirates]]; the fortifications were largely extended and the roads to the city improved.<ref name=EB1911/> In 1561 [[Emmanuel Philibert, Duke of Savoy]] abolished the use of Latin as an administrative language and established the [[Italian language]] as the official language of government affairs in Nice.

During the struggle between [[Francis I of France|Francis I]] and [[Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor|Charles V]] great damage was caused by the passage of the armies invading [[Provence]]; [[infectious disease|pestilence]] and famine raged in the city for several years.<ref name=EB1911/> In 1538, in the nearby town of [[Villeneuve-Loubet]], through the mediation of [[Pope Paul III]], the two monarchs concluded a [[Truce of Nice|ten years' truce]].<ref>{{cite web| url=http://villeneuveloubethotelreservation.com/articles/the-chateau-of-villeneuve-loubet| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140426212438/http://villeneuveloubethotelreservation.com/articles/the-chateau-of-villeneuve-loubet| url-status=dead| archive-date=26 April 2014| title=The Chsteau of Villeneuve-Loubet| publisher=Villeneuve-Loubet Guide and Hotels| access-date=30 September 2009}}</ref>

In 1543, Nice was attacked by the united [[Franco-Ottoman alliance|Franco-Ottoman forces]] of Francis I and [[Hayreddin Barbarossa|Barbarossa Hayreddin Pasha]], in the [[Siege of Nice]]; though the inhabitants repulsed the assault which followed the terrible bombardment, they were ultimately compelled to surrender, and Barbarossa was allowed to pillage the city and to carry off 2,500 captives. Pestilence appeared again in 1550 and 1580.<ref name=EB1911/>

In 1600, Nice was briefly taken by the [[House of Guise|Duke of Guise]]. By opening the ports of the county to all nations, and proclaiming full freedom of trade (1626), the commerce of the city was given great stimulus, the noble families taking part in its mercantile enterprises.<ref name=EB1911/>

Captured by [[Nicolas Catinat]] in 1691, Nice was restored to [[Savoy]] in 1696; but [[Siege of Nice (1705)|it was again besieged by the French in 1705]], and in the following year its [[citadel]] and [[Defensive wall|rampart]]s were demolished.<ref name=EB1911/>

===Kingdom of Sardinia===
The [[Treaty of Utrecht (1713)]] once more gave the city back to the Duke of Savoy, who was on that same occasion recognised as King of Sicily. In the peaceful years which followed, the "new town" was built. From 1744 until the [[Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle (1748)]] the French and Spaniards were again in possession.

In 1775 the king, who in 1718 had swapped his sovereignty of Sicily for the Kingdom of Sardinia, destroyed all that remained of the ancient liberties of the [[Commune in France|commune]]. Conquered in 1792 by the armies of the [[First French Republic]], the County of Nice continued to be part of France until 1814; but after that date it reverted to the [[Kingdom of Piedmont-Sardinia]].<ref name=EB1911/>

===French annexation===
[[File:County of nice.svg|thumb|upright|A map of the [[County of Nice]] showing the area of the [[Kingdom of Sardinia (1720–1861)|Italian kingdom of Sardinia]] annexed in 1860 to France (light brown). The area in red had already become part of France before 1860.]]
[[File:Les manifestations pro-italiennes à Nice du 1871.jpg|thumb|upright|Pro-Italian protests in Nice, 1871, during the [[Niçard Vespers]], a popular uprising in support of the union of the [[County of Nice]] with the [[Kingdom of Italy]]]]

After the [[Treaty of Turin (1860)|Treaty of Turin]] was signed in 1860 between the [[Victor Emmanuel II of Italy|Sardinian king]] and [[Napoleon III]] as a consequence of the [[Plombières Agreement]], the county was again and definitively ceded to France as a territorial reward for French assistance in the [[Second Italian War of Independence]] against [[Austrian Empire|Austria]], which saw [[Lombardy]] united with [[Piedmont-Sardinia]].  King Victor-Emmanuel II, on 1 April 1860, solemnly asked the population to accept the change of sovereignty, in the name of Italian unity, and the cession was ratified by a regional [[referendum]]. Italophile manifestations and the acclamation of an "Italian Nice" by the crowd are reported on this occasion.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Ruggiero |first=Alain |title=Nouvelle Histoire de Nice |year=2006 |language=fr}}</ref> A plebiscite was voted on 15 and 16 April 1860. The opponents of annexation called for abstention, hence the very high abstention rate. The "yes" vote won 83% of registered voters throughout the county of Nice and 86% in Nice, partly thanks to pressure from the authorities.<ref name=":0" /> This is the result of a masterful operation of information control by the French and Piedmontese governments, in order to influence the outcome of the vote in relation to the decisions already taken.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Kendall Adams |first=Charles |date=1873 |title=Universal Suffrage under Napoleon III |journal=The North American Review |volume=0117 |pages=360–370}}</ref> The irregularities in the plebiscite voting operations were evident. The case of Levens is emblematic: the same official sources recorded, faced with only 407 voters, 481 votes cast, naturally almost all in favor of joining France.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Dotto De' Dauli |first=Carlo |title=Nizza, o Il confine d'Italia ad Occidente |year=1873 |language=it}}</ref>

The Italian language, which was the official language of the County, used by the Church, at the town hall, taught in schools, used in theaters and at the Opera, was immediately abolished and replaced by French.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Large |first=Didier |date=1996 |title=La situation linguistique dans le comté de Nice avant le rattachement à la France |journal=Recherches régionales Côte d'Azur et contrées limitrophes}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Paul Gubbins and Mike Holt |title=Beyond Boundaries: Language and Identity in Contemporary Europe |year=2002 |pages=91–100 |language=En}}</ref> Discontent over annexation to France led to the emigration of a large part of the Italophile population, also accelerated by Italian unification after 1861. A quarter of the population of Nice, around 11,000 people from Nice, decided to voluntarily exile to Italy.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Peirone |first=Fulvio |title=Per Torino da Nizza e Savoia. Le opzioni del 1860 per la cittadinanza torinese, da un fondo dell'archivio storico della città di Torino |year=2011 |location=Turin |language=it}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=28 August 2017 |title="Un nizzardo su quattro prese la via dell'esilio" in seguito all'unità d'Italia, dice lo scrittore Casalino Pierluigi |url=https://www.montecarlonews.it/2017/08/28/notizie/argomenti/altre-notizie-1/articolo/un-nizzardo-su-quattro-prese-la-via-dellesilio-in-seguito-allunita-ditalia-dice-lo-scrittore.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200219165302/http://www.montecarlonews.it/2017/08/28/notizie/argomenti/altre-notizie-1/articolo/un-nizzardo-su-quattro-prese-la-via-dellesilio-in-seguito-allunita-ditalia-dice-lo-scrittore.html |archive-date=19 February 2020 |access-date=14 May 2021 |language=it}}</ref> The emigration of a quarter of the [[Niçard Italians]] to Italy took the name of [[Niçard exodus]]. Many Italians from Nizza then moved to the Ligurian towns of [[Ventimiglia]], [[Bordighera]] and [[Ospedaletti]],<ref>{{Cite web |title=Nizza e il suo futuro |url=http://www.liberanissa.eu/archives/nizza_e_il_suo_futuro/index.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190203025523/http://www.liberanissa.eu/archives/nizza_e_il_suo_futuro/index.html |archive-date=3 February 2019 |access-date=26 December 2018 |publisher=Liberà Nissa |language=it}}</ref> giving rise to a local branch of the movement of the [[Italia irredenta|Italian irredentists]] which considered the re-acquisition of Nice to be one of their nationalist goals. [[Giuseppe Garibaldi]], born in Nice, strongly opposed the cession to France, arguing that the ballot was rigged by the French. Furthermore, for the niçard general his hometown was unquestionably Italian. Politically, the liberals of Nice and the partisans of Garibaldi also appreciated very little Napoleonic authoritarianism. Elements on the right (aristocrats) as on the left (Garibaldians) therefore wanted Nice to return to Italy. Savoy was also transferred to the French crown by similar means.

In 1871, during the first free elections in the County, the pro-Italian lists obtained almost all the votes in the legislative elections (26,534 votes out of 29,428 votes cast), and Garibaldi was elected deputy at the [[National Assembly (France)|National Assembly]]. Pro-Italians took to the streets cheering ''"Viva Nizza! Viva Garibaldi!".'' The French government sent 10,000 soldiers to Nice, closed the Italian newspaper ''Il Diritto di Nizza'' and imprisoned several demonstrators. The population of Nice rose up from 8 to 10 February and the three days of demonstration took the name of "[[Niçard Vespers]]". The revolt was suppressed by French troops. On 13 February, Garibaldi was not allowed to speak at the French parliament meeting in Bordeaux to ask for the reunification of Nice to the [[Kingdom of Italy|newborn Italian unitary state]], and he resigned from his post as deputy.<ref name=":1">{{Cite journal |last=Courrière |first=Henri |date=2007 |title=Les troubles de février 1871 à Nice |journal=Cahiers de la Méditerranée|issue=74 |pages=179–208 |doi=10.4000/cdlm.2693 |url=https://journals.openedition.org/cdlm/2693 |url-access=subscription }}</ref> The failure of Vespers led to the expulsion of the last pro-Italian intellectuals from Nice, such as Luciano Mereu or Giuseppe Bres, who were expelled or deported.

The pro-Italian irredentist movement persisted throughout the period 1860–1914, despite the repression carried out since the annexation. The French government implemented a policy of [[Francization]] of society, language and culture.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Paul Gubbins and Mine Holt |title=Beyond Boundaries: Language and Identity in Contemporary Europe |year=2002 |pages=91–100}}</ref> The toponyms of the communes of the ancient County were francized, with the obligation to use French in Nice,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.aiig.altervista.org/Nizzardo/IL%20NIZZARDO%20NEI%20SUOI%20ASPETTI%20GEOGRAFICI.pdf|title=Il Nizzardo|access-date=17 May 2021|language=it}}</ref> as well as certain surnames (for example the Italian surname "Bianchi" was francized into "Leblanc", and the Italian surname "Del Ponte" was francized into "Dupont").<ref name="limesonline">{{cite web|url=https://www.limesonline.com/unitalia-sconfinata/2845|title=Un'Italia sconfinata|date=20 February 2009 |access-date=17 May 2021|language=it}}</ref>

Italian-language newspapers in Nice were banned. In 1861, ''La Voce di Nizza'' was closed (temporarily reopened during the Niçard Vespers), followed by ''Il Diritto di Nizza'', closed in 1871.<ref name=":1" /> In 1895 it was the turn of ''Il Pensiero di Nizza'', accused of irredentism. Many journalists and writers from Nice wrote in these newspapers in Italian. Among these are Enrico Sappia, Giuseppe André, Giuseppe Bres, Eugenio Cais di Pierlas and others.

During the [[repression of January and February 1894]], the police conducted raids targeting the Italian [[Anarchism|anarchists]] living there, without much success.<ref name=":12">{{Cite news |date=3 January 1894 |title=Les anarchistes |trans-title=The anarchists |work=La Dépêche |pages=2}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite journal |date=2 January 1894 |title=Deux mille perquisitions |journal=L'Estafette |pages=2}}</ref><ref name=":3">{{Cite news |date=3 January 1894 |title=Une série générale de perquisitions : résultat négatif des recherches |trans-title=A general series of raids: negative results |work=L'Éclair}}</ref>

===20th century===
[[File:Nice from Baedeker.jpg|thumb|upright|Nice in 1914]]

In 1900, the [[Trams in Nice|Tramway de Nice]] electrified its horse-drawn streetcars and spread its network to the entire ''département'' from [[Menton]] to [[Cagnes-sur-Mer]]. By the 1930s more bus connections were added in the area.{{citation needed|date=October 2017}} In the 1930s, Nice hosted international car racing in the [[Formula Libre]] (predecessor to [[Formula One]]) on the so-called Circuit Nice. The circuit started along the waterfront just south of the Jardin Albert I, then headed westward along the [[Promenade des Anglais]] followed by a hairpin turn at the [[Hotel Negresco]] to come back eastward and around the Jardin Albert I before heading again east along the beach on the Quai des Etats-Unis.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.bestofniceblog.com/history-nice-france/nice-grand-prix/|title=Nice Grand Prix|newspaper=Best of Nice |access-date=25 September 2019|archive-date=25 September 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190925172454/http://www.bestofniceblog.com/history-nice-france/nice-grand-prix/|url-status=live}}</ref>

As war broke out in September 1939, Nice became a city of refuge for many displaced foreigners, notably Jews fleeing the Nazi progression into Eastern Europe. From Nice many sought further shelter in the [[French colonial empire|French colonies]], Morocco and North and South America. After July 1940 and the establishment of the [[Vichy France|Vichy Regime]], [[antisemitism|antisemitic]] aggressions accelerated the exodus, starting in July 1941 and continuing through 1942. On 26 August 1942, 655 Jews of foreign origin were rounded up by the Laval government and interned in the Auvare barracks. Of these, 560 were deported to [[Drancy internment camp]] on 31 August 1942. Due to the activity of the Jewish banker [[Angelo Donati]] and of the Capuchin friar [[Père Marie-Benoît]] the local authorities hindered the application of anti-Jewish Vichy laws.<ref>Léon Poliakov, ''La conditions des Juifs sous l'occupation italienne'', Paris, CDJC, 1946 and bibliographies of [[Angelo Donati]] and [[Père Marie-Benoît]]</ref>

The first [[French Resistance|''résistants'']] to the new regime were a group of high school seniors of the Lycée de Nice, now {{ill|Lycée Masséna|fr}}, in September 1940, later arrested and executed in 1944 near [[Verdon Gorge|Castellane]].{{citation needed|date=October 2023}} The first public demonstrations occurred on 14 July 1942 when several hundred protesters took to the streets along the Avenue de la Victoire and in the Place Masséna.{{citation needed|date=October 2023}} In November 1942 German troops moved into most of unoccupied France, but Italian troops moved into a smaller zone including Nice.{{citation needed|date=October 2023}} A certain ambivalence remained among the population, many of whom were recent immigrants of Italian ancestry. However, the resistance gained momentum after the Italian surrender in 1943 when the German army occupied the former Italian zone.{{citation needed|date=October 2023}} Reprisals intensified between December 1943 and July 1944, when many partisans were tortured and executed by the local [[Gestapo]].{{citation needed|date=October 2023}} American paratroopers entered the city on 30 August 1944 and Nice was finally liberated.{{citation needed|date=October 2024}} The consequences of the war were heavy: the population decreased by 15% {{citation needed|date=November 2017}} and economic life was totally disrupted.

In the second half of the 20th century, Nice enjoyed an economic boom primarily driven by tourism and construction. Two men dominated this period: [[Jean Médecin]], [[Mayor (France)|mayor]] for 33 years from 1928 to 1943 and from 1947 to 1965, and his son [[Jacques Médecin|Jacques]], mayor for 24 years from 1966 to 1990. Under their leadership, there was extensive urban renewal, including many new constructions. These included the convention centre, theatres, new thoroughfares and expressways. The arrival of the [[Pied-Noir|Pieds-Noirs]], refugees from Algeria after 1962 independence, also gave the city a boost and somewhat changed the make-up of its population and traditional views.{{Citation needed|date=November 2017}} By the late 1980s, rumors of political corruption in the city government surfaced; and eventually formal accusations against Jacques Médecin forced him to flee France in 1990. Later arrested in [[Uruguay]] in 1993, he was extradited back to France in 1994, convicted of several counts of corruption and associated crimes and sentenced to imprisonment.

On 16 October 1979, a [[landslide]] and an undersea slide caused two [[tsunami]]s that hit the western coast of Nice; these [[1979 Nice events|events]] killed between 8 and 23 people.

===21st century===
In February 2001, European leaders met in Nice to negotiate and sign what is now the [[Treaty of Nice]], amending the institutions of the European Union.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/irish-referendum-on-nice-treaty-doomed-to-fail-again-189539.html|title=Irish referendum on Nice Treaty 'doomed to fail again'|work=[[The Independent]]|date=23 May 2002|first=Shawn|last=Pogatchnik|access-date=17 March 2020|archive-date=12 May 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200512163639/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/irish-referendum-on-nice-treaty-doomed-to-fail-again-189539.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

In 2003, local Chief [[Prosecutor]] [[Éric de Montgolfier]] alleged that some judicial cases involving local personalities had been suspiciously derailed by the local judiciary, which he suspected of having unhealthy contacts through [[Freemasonry|Masonic]] lodges with the defendants. A controversial official report stated later that Montgolfier had made unwarranted accusations.{{Citation needed|date=November 2017}}

On 14 July 2016, a truck was [[2016 Nice truck attack|deliberately driven into a crowd of people]] by [[Mohamed Lahouaiej-Bouhlel]] on the [[Promenade des Anglais]]. The crowd was watching a fireworks display in celebration of [[Bastille Day]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.cnn.com/2016/07/14/europe/nice-france-truck/index.html|title=Nice mayor: 'Tens of dead' when truck runs into crowd|last=Almasy|first=Steve|date=14 July 2016 |publisher=CNN|access-date=14 July 2016|archive-date=15 July 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160715003411/http://www.cnn.com/2016/07/14/europe/nice-france-truck/index.html|url-status=live}}</ref> A total of 87 people were killed, including the perpetrator, who was shot dead by police.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.startribune.com/nice-truck-attack-claims-86th-victim/390715371|title=Nice truck attack claims 86th victim|date=19 August 2016|newspaper=[[Star Tribune]]|access-date=17 November 2016|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160821175505/http://www.startribune.com/nice-truck-attack-claims-86th-victim/390715371/|archive-date=21 August 2016}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-36800730|title=Nice attack: At least 84 killed during Bastille Day celebrations|work=BBC News |date=15 July 2016 |access-date=15 July 2016|archive-date=18 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190418000800/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-36800730|url-status=live}}</ref> Another 434 were injured, with 52 in critical care and 25 in intensive care, according to the Paris prosecutor.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Duffield|first=Charlie|date=14 July 2020|title=Nice attack: What happened in the 2016 Bastille Day killings|url=https://www.standard.co.uk/news/world/nice-attack-2016-bastille-day-about-a4497486.html|access-date=25 February 2021|website=www.standard.co.uk|language=en|archive-date=27 July 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200727113049/https://www.standard.co.uk/news/world/nice-attack-2016-bastille-day-about-a4497486.html|url-status=live}}</ref> On 29 October 2020, [[2020 Nice stabbing|a stabbing attack]] killed three people at the local [[Notre-Dame de Nice]]. One of the victims, a woman, was beheaded by the attacker.<ref name=reuters>{{cite news |title=Three dead as woman beheaded in knife attack at French church |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-france-security-nice/two-dead-in-knife-attack-in-french-church-official-say-terrorism-suspected-idUSKBN27E17D |work=Reuters |date=29 October 2020 |access-date=29 October 2020 |last=Gaillard |first=Eric |archive-date=30 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201030020807/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-france-security-nice/two-dead-in-knife-attack-in-french-church-official-say-terrorism-suspected-idUSKBN27E17D |url-status=live }}</ref> Several additional victims were injured. The attacker, who was shot by the police, was taken into custody. The [[Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant|Islamic state]] claimed responsibility for both attacks.<ref name=ind>{{cite news |title=Nice stabbings: Woman decapitated and others killed in France knife attack |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/nice-stabbings-attack-france-today-deaths-injured-latest-b1417706.html |work=The Independent |date=29 October 2020 |access-date=29 October 2020 |last=Tidman |first=Zoe |archive-date=29 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201029150916/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/nice-stabbings-attack-france-today-deaths-injured-latest-b1417706.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

In 2021, the city was proclaimed a [[World Heritage Site]] by [[UNESCO]] as "Nice, Winter Resort Town of the Riviera".<ref name="heritage2021"/>

On 18 July 2024, seven people from the same family, including three young children, three adults and a teenager were killed in [[2024 Nice arson attack|an arson attack]]. The fire also critically injured one other person and caused thirty other people to suffer from [[smoke inhalation]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=18 July 2024 |title=Suspected arson in crowded apartment kills seven in French city of Nice |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/suspected-arson-crowded-apartment-kills-seven-french-city-nice-2024-07-18/ |access-date=18 July 2024 |website=Reuters |language=en}}</ref>

==Architecture==
{{wide image|Nice from Castle Hill 01.jpg|900px|alt=|align-cap=center|Panorama of Nice from Colline du Château}}
[[File:Promenade des Anglais Nice IMG 1255.jpg|thumb|[[Promenade des Anglais]]]]
[[File:NiceVieuxCartier.JPG|thumb|View of the old town]]
[[File:CollineDuChateau NiceFrance2022.png|thumb|A sunset over the ''Promenade des Anglais.'']]
The [[Promenade des Anglais]] ("Walkway of the English") is a promenade along the [[Baie des Anges]] ("Bay of the Angels"), which is a bay of the [[Mediterranean Sea|Mediterranean]] in Nice. Before Nice was urbanised, the coastline at Nice was just bordered by a deserted stretch of [[shingle beach]] (covered with large pebbles). The first houses were located on higher ground well away from the sea, as wealthy tourists visiting Nice in the 18th century did not come for the beach, but for the gentle winter weather.{{Citation needed|date=January 2018}} The areas close to the water were home to Nice's dockworkers and fishermen.

In the second half of the 18th century, many wealthy English people took to spending the winter in Nice, enjoying the panorama along the coast. This early aristocratic English colony conceived the building of a promenade with the leadership and financial support of [[Lewis Way|Rev. Lewis Way]].<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Nash |first1=Dennison |title=The rise and fall of an aristocratic tourist culture: Nice: 1763–1936 |journal=Annals of Tourism Research |date=1979 |volume=6 |issue=1 |page=65 |doi=10.1016/0160-7383(79)90095-1}}</ref> With the initial promenade completed, the city of Nice, intrigued by the prospect, greatly increased the scope of the work. The Promenade was first called the ''Camin dei Anglès'' (the English Way) by the Niçois in their native dialect [[Niçard|Nissart]]. In 1823, the promenade was named ''La Promenade des Anglais'' by the French, a name that would stick after the annexation of Nice by France in 1860.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Mitchell |first1=L.G. |title=Voyages au pays des mangeurs de grenouilles: La France vue par les Britanniques du XVII siecle a nos jours |journal=The English Historical Review |date=1994 |volume=109 |issue=433 |page=1018 |doi=10.1093/ehr/CXI.433.1018 |url=https://go.gale.com/ps/anonymous?id=GALE%7CA16408900&sid=googleScholar&v=2.1&it=r&linkaccess=abs&issn=00138266&p=LitRC&sw=w |access-date=4 October 2020 |archive-date=31 January 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210131211240/https://go.gale.com/ps/anonymous?id=GALE%7CA16408900&sid=googleScholar&v=2.1&it=r&linkaccess=abs&issn=00138266&p=LitRC&sw=w |url-status=live |url-access=subscription }}</ref>

The [[Hotel Negresco]] on the Promenade des Anglais was named after [[Henri Negresco]] who had the palatial hotel constructed in 1912. In keeping with the conventions of the time, when the Negresco first opened in 1913 its front opened on the side opposite the Mediterranean.{{Citation needed|date=January 2018}}

Beginning at Place Masséna, heading east and parallel to the Promenade des Anglais, there is a "Zone Piétonne", or "Pedestrian Zone". Cars are not allowed (with exception to delivery trucks), making this avenue a popular walkway.

Old Nice is also home to the [[Opéra de Nice]]. It was constructed at the end of the 19th century under the design of François Aune, to replace King Charles Félix's Maccarani Theater. Today, it is open to the public and provides a regular program of performances.

Other sights include: 
*Palais communal de Nice 
*[[Palais de la Méditerranée]] 
*Palais de l'agriculture 
*[[Gare du Sud]] 
*Jardin Albert-Ier
*[[Castle of Nice]]
*Colline du Château<ref>{{Cite web |title=Colline du Château Nice, France, Europe |url=https://www.lonelyplanet.com/france/nice/vieux-nice/attractions/colline-du-chateau/a/poi-sig/410076/1342246}}</ref>

===Religious buildings===
[[File:Cathedrale Sainte-Reparate Nice.jpg|[[Nice Cathedral]]|thumb]]

Religious buildings in the city include:
*[[Nice Cathedral]] 
*[[Notre-Dame de Nice]]  
*[[Russian Orthodox Cathedral, Nice]] 
*Église Notre-Dame-du-Port de Nice
*[[Church of Gesù, Nice]]
*{{ill|Église Saint-Pierre-d'Arène de Nice|fr}}

===Museums===
* {{ill|Musée Masséna|fr}}
* [[Musée des Beaux-Arts de Nice]]  
*[[Musée Matisse (Nice)|Musée Matisse]] 
*[[Musée Marc Chagall]]
*{{ill|Musée archéologique de Nice-Cimiez|fr}}

===Squares===

====Place Masséna====
{{unreferenced section|date=July 2016}}

The ''Place Masséna'' is the main square of the city. Before the [[Paillon]] River was covered over, the Pont-Neuf was the only practicable way between the old town and the modern one. The square was thus divided into two parts (North and South) in 1824. With the demolition of the Masséna Casino in 1979, the Place Masséna became more spacious and less dense and is now bordered by red ochre buildings of [[Italian architecture]].

The recent rebuilding of the tramline gave the square back to the pedestrians, restoring its status as a real Mediterranean square. It is lined with palm trees and stone pines. Since its construction, the Place Masséna has been the spot for public events. It is used for concerts, the summer festivals, the ''[[Nice Carnival|Corso carnavalesque]]'' (carnival parade) in February, the military procession on the 14th of July (Bastille Day) and other traditional celebrations and banquets.

The Place Masséna is a two-minute walk from the [[Promenade des Anglais]], old town, town center, and Albert I Garden (''Jardin Albert Ier''). It is also a large crossroads between several of the main streets of the city: [[avenue Jean Médecin]], ''avenue Félix Faure'', ''boulevard Jean Jaurès'', ''avenue de Verdun'' and ''rue Gioffredo''.

<gallery widths="200px" heights="155px">
File:Placemassena1.JPG|View of the Place Masséna
File:Place Massena by night.jpg|Place Masséna by night, 2012
</gallery>

====Place Garibaldi====
{{Unreferenced section|date=January 2018}}
[[File:Nice Place Garibaldi 1.jpg|thumb|upright|Garibaldi's monument, Place Garibaldi]]

The ''Place Garibaldi'' also stands out for its architecture and history. It is named after [[Giuseppe Garibaldi]], hero of the [[Italian unification]] (born in Nice in 1807 when Nice was part of the Napoleonic Empire, before reverting to the Kingdom of Piedmont-Sardinia). The square was built at the end of the 18th century and served as the entry gate to the city and end of the road from Turin. It took several names between 1780 and 1870 (Plaça Pairoulièra, Place de la République, Place Napoléon, Place d'Armes, Place Saint-Augustin, Piazza Vittorio) and finally Place Garibaldi in September 1870.

A statue of Garibaldi, who was fiercely in favour of the union of Nice with Italy, stands in the centre of the square. The rebuilding of the area to accommodate a new tramway line gave almost the entire square to pedestrians. The architecture is in line with the Turin model, which was the norm of urban renewal throughout the entire realm of the House of Savoy.
[[File:Nice tramway place Garibaldi.jpg|thumb|left|Place Garibaldi, pedestrian since the introduction of the Nice tramway]]

It is a crossroads between the ''Vieux Nice'' (old town) and the town center. Place Garibaldi is close to the eastern districts of Nice, ''Port Lympia'' (Lympia Harbour), and the TNL commercial centre.

====Place Rossetti====
Entirely enclosed and pedestrianised, this square is located in the old town. With typical buildings in red and yellow ochres surrounding the square, the ''cathédrale Sainte-Réparate'' and there is a fountain in the center. By day, the place is filled by the terraces of traditional restaurants and ice-cream makers. By night, the environment changes radically, with tourists and young people flocking to the square.

Place Rossetti is in the centre of the old town, streets ''Jesus'', ''Rossetti'', ''Mascoïnat'' and the ''Pont-vieux'' (old bridge).

====Cours Saleya====
[[File:Saleya nice.jpg|thumb|Saleya Course (2007)]]

The Cours Saleya is situated parallel to the ''Quai des États-Unis''. In the past, it belonged to the upper classes. It hosts a daily market with flowers, art vendors, and antiques.

====Place du Palais====
[[File:NIKAIA-palaisN5.jpg|thumb|Place du Palais view of the Rusca palace]]

The ''Place du Palais'' is where the ''Palais de la Justice'' (Law courts) of Nice is located. On this square, there also is the ''Palais Rusca'', which also belongs to the justice department (home of the ''tribunal de grande instance'').

==Administration==
[[File:palais de justice nice.jpg|thumb|upright|The Palais de Justice]]
[[File:Nice, France 2016-473.jpg|thumb|upright|[[Hôtel de Ville, Nice|Hôtel de Ville]]]]
Located in the [[Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur]] [[Regions of France|region]], Nice is a [[Communes of France|commune]] and the [[Prefectures in France|prefecture]] (administrative capital) of the [[Alpes-Maritimes]] département. However, it is also the largest city in France that is not a regional capital; the much larger [[Marseille]] is its regional capital. [[Christian Estrosi]], its mayor, is a member of [[Horizons (political party)|Horizons]] (formerly a member of [[The Republicans (France)|The Republicans]]). He has been incumbent since 2017. The city council is based at the [[Hôtel de Ville, Nice|Hôtel de Ville]].<ref>{{cite web|url= https://www.pss-archi.eu/immeubles/FR-06088-40634.html |title= Hôtel de Ville de Nice|publisher=PSS Architecture|access-date=15 October 2024}}</ref>

The city is divided into nine [[cantons of France|cantons]]: [[Canton of Nice-1|Nice-1]], [[Canton of Nice-2|2]], [[Canton of Nice-3|3]], [[Canton of Nice-4|4]], [[Canton of Nice-5|5]], [[Canton of Nice-6|6]], [[Canton of Nice-7|7]], [[Canton of Nice-8|8]] and [[Canton of Nice-9|9]].

===Coat of arms===
[[File:Bandièra_de_Niça.svg|thumb|upright|Banner of arms of the city of Nice]]

The coat of arms of Nice appeared for the first time in a copy of the ''Regulations'' of [[Amadeus VIII of Savoy|Amadeus VIII]], probably written around 1430.<ref name="schor_22_23">Ralph Schor (Edited by), ''Dictionnaire historique et biographique du comté de Nice'' (''Historical and biographical dictionary of the County of Nice''), Nice, Serre, 2002, {{ISBN|978-2-86410-366-0}}, pp.22–23 {{in lang|fr}}</ref> The Nice is symbolised by a red eagle on silver background, placed on three mountains, which can be described in French [[heraldic]] language as "d'argent à une aigle de gueule posée sur trois coupeaux".<ref name="schor_22_23"/> ("Upon silver a red eagle is displayed, posed upon three mounds.") The arms have only undergone minor changes: the eagle has become more and more stylised, it now "wears" a coronet for the [[County of Nice]], and the three mountains are now surrounded by a stylised sea.<ref name="schor_22_23"/>

The presence of the eagle, an imperial emblem, shows that these arms are related to the power of the [[House of Savoy]]. The eagle standing over the three hills is a depiction of Savoy, referring to its domination over the country around Nice.<ref name="schor_22_23"/> The combination of silver and red (argent and gules) is a reference to the colours of the [[Savoy|flag of Savoy]].<ref name="schor_22_23"/> The three mountains symbolise a territorial honour, without concern for geographic realism.<ref name="schor_22_23"/>

==Geography==
[[File:Nice SPOT 1161.jpg|thumb|Nice seen from Spot Satellite]]

Nice consists of two large bays. [[Villefranche-sur-Mer]] sits on an enclosed bay, while the main expanse of the city lies between the old port city and the Aeroport de Côte d'Azur, across a gently curving bay. The city rises from the flat beach into gentle rising hills, then is bounded by surrounding mountains that represent the Southern and nearly the Western extent of the [[Ligurian Alps]] range.

===Flora===
{{Unreferenced section|date=November 2017}}
The natural vegetation of Nice is typical for a Mediterranean landscape, with a heavy representation of broadleaf evergreen shrubs. Trees tend to be scattered but form dense forests in some areas. Large native tree species include evergreens such as [[Quercus ilex|holm oak]], [[stone pine]] and [[arbutus]]. Many introduced species grow in parks and gardens. [[Palm tree|Palm]]s, [[eucalyptus]] and [[citrus fruit]]s are among the trees which give Nice a subtropical appearance. But there are also species familiar to temperate areas around the world; examples include [[Horse-chestnut (tree)|horse chestnut]], [[Tilia|linden]] and even [[Norway spruce]].

===Climate===
Nice has a [[hot-summer Mediterranean climate]] ([[Köppen climate classification|Köppen]]: ''Csa''), enjoying mild winters with moderate rainfall. It is one of the warmest Mediterranean climates for its latitude. Summers are warm to hot, dry, and sunny. Rainfall is rare in this season, and a typical July month only records one or two days with measurable rainfall. The temperature is typically above {{convert|26|°C|0|abbr=on}} but rarely above {{convert|32|°C|0|abbr=on}}. The climate data is recorded from the airport, located just metres from the sea. Summer temperatures, therefore, are often higher in the city. The average maximum temperature in the warmest months of July and August is about {{convert|27|°C|0|abbr=on}}. The highest recorded temperature was {{convert|37.7|°C|1|abbr=on}} on 1 August 2006. Autumn generally starts sunny in September and becomes more cloudy and rainy towards October, while temperatures usually remain above {{convert|20|°C|0|abbr=on}} until November where days start to cool down to around {{convert|17|°C|0|abbr=on}}.

Winters are characterised by mild days ({{convert|11|to|17|°C|°F|0|abbr=on}}), cool nights ({{convert|4|to|9|°C|°F|0|abbr=on}}), and variable weather. Days can be either sunny and dry or damp and rainy. The average minimum temperature in January is around {{convert|5|°C|0|abbr=on}}. Frost is unusual and snowfalls are rare. The most recent snowfall in Nice was on 26 February 2018.<ref>"[https://www.thelocal.fr/20180226/in-pictures-french-riviera-in-the-snow French Riviera hit by snowfall] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180812150347/https://www.thelocal.fr/20180226/in-pictures-french-riviera-in-the-snow |date=12 August 2018 }}". ''The Local fr''. The Local Europe AB. 26 February 2018.</ref> Nice also received a dusting of snow in 2005, 2009 and 2010. Spring starts cool and rainy in late March, and Nice becomes increasingly warm and sunny around June.

{{Weather box
|location = Nice ([[Nice Côte d'Azur Airport]]), elevation: {{convert|4|m|abbr=on|disp=or}}, 1991–2020 normals, extremes 1942–present
|metric first = yes
|single line = yes
| Jan record high C = 22.5
| Feb record high C = 25.8
| Mar record high C = 26.1
| Apr record high C = 26.1
| May record high C = 31.4
| Jun record high C = 36.8
| Jul record high C = 37.0
| Aug record high C = 37.7
| Sep record high C = 33.9
| Oct record high C = 29.9
| Nov record high C = 25.4
| Dec record high C = 22.0
|year record high C = 37.7
| Jan high C = 13.3
| Feb high C = 13.5
| Mar high C = 15.4
| Apr high C = 17.4
| May high C = 21.0
| Jun high C = 24.7
| Jul high C = 27.5
| Aug high C = 27.9
| Sep high C = 24.8
| Oct high C = 21.0
| Nov high C = 17.0
| Dec high C = 14.1
|year high C = 19.8
| Jan mean C = 9.5
| Feb mean C = 9.8
| Mar mean C = 11.8
| Apr mean C = 14.1
| May mean C = 17.7
| Jun mean C = 21.4
| Jul mean C = 24.1
| Aug mean C = 24.5
| Sep mean C = 21.2
| Oct mean C = 17.5
| Nov mean C = 13.3
| Dec mean C = 10.3
|year mean C = 16.3
| Jan low C = 5.8
| Feb low C = 6.1
| Mar low C = 8.3
| Apr low C = 10.8
| May low C = 14.5
| Jun low C = 18.1
| Jul low C = 20.8
| Aug low C = 21.1
| Sep low C = 17.7
| Oct low C = 14.0
| Nov low C = 9.7
| Dec low C = 6.6
|year low C = 12.8
| Jan record low C = -7.2
| Feb record low C = -5.8
| Mar record low C = -5.0
| Apr record low C = 2.9
| May record low C = 3.7
| Jun record low C = 8.1
| Jul record low C = 11.7
| Aug record low C = 11.4
| Sep record low C = 7.6
| Oct record low C = 4.2
| Nov record low C = 0.1
| Dec record low C = -2.7
|year record low C = -7.2
| Jan precipitation mm = 73.5
| Feb precipitation mm = 53.6
| Mar precipitation mm = 51.0
| Apr precipitation mm = 68.8
| May precipitation mm = 40.3
| Jun precipitation mm = 35.7
| Jul precipitation mm = 13.6
| Aug precipitation mm = 17.2
| Sep precipitation mm = 81.0
| Oct precipitation mm = 127.9
| Nov precipitation mm = 138.4
| Dec precipitation mm = 90.3
|year precipitation mm = 791.3
|precipitation colour = green
|unit precipitation days = 1.0 mm
| Jan precipitation days = 5.8
| Feb precipitation days = 5.1
| Mar precipitation days = 4.9
| Apr precipitation days = 6.4
| May precipitation days = 5.1
| Jun precipitation days = 3.8
| Jul precipitation days = 1.8
| Aug precipitation days = 2.3
| Sep precipitation days = 4.9
| Oct precipitation days = 7.5
| Nov precipitation days = 8.5
| Dec precipitation days = 6.0
|year precipitation days = 62.1
| Jan snow days = 0.3
| Feb snow days = 0.7
| Mar snow days = 0.0
| Apr snow days = 0.0
| May snow days = 0.0
| Jun snow days = 0.0
| Jul snow days = 0.0
| Aug snow days = 0.0
| Sep snow days = 0.0
| Oct snow days = 0.0
| Nov snow days = 0.0
| Dec snow days = 0.2
|year snow days = 1.1
| Jan humidity = 67
| Feb humidity = 68
| Mar humidity = 69
| Apr humidity = 72
| May humidity = 75
| Jun humidity = 75
| Jul humidity = 73
| Aug humidity = 72
| Sep humidity = 74
| Oct humidity = 73
| Nov humidity = 71
| Dec humidity = 67
|year humidity = 71.3
| Jan sun = 156.7
| Feb sun = 166.1
| Mar sun = 218.0
| Apr sun = 229.2
| May sun = 270.9
| Jun sun = 309.8
| Jul sun = 349.3
| Aug sun = 323.2
| Sep sun = 249.8
| Oct sun = 191.1
| Nov sun = 151.5
| Dec sun = 145.2
|year sun = 2760.5
|Jan uv = 1
|Feb uv = 2
|Mar uv = 4
|Apr uv = 5
|May uv = 7
|Jun uv = 8
|Jul uv = 8
|Aug uv = 7
|Sep uv = 5
|Oct uv = 3
|Nov uv = 2
|Dec uv = 1
|source 1 = [[Météo-France]]<ref>{{cite web
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20180306230102/https://donneespubliques.meteofrance.fr/FichesClim/FICHECLIM_06088001.pdf
| archive-date = 6 March 2018
| url = https://donneespubliques.meteofrance.fr/FichesClim/FICHECLIM_06088001.pdf
| title = Nice (06)
| work = Fiche Climatologique: Statistiques 1991–2020 et records
| publisher = Meteo France
| language = fr
| access-date = 14 July 2022}}</ref>
|date=July 2012
|source 2 = Infoclimat.fr (relative humidity 1961-1990),<ref name=Infoclimat>{{cite web
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160315123145/http://www.infoclimat.fr/climatologie-07690-nice-cote-d-azur.html
| archive-date = 15 March 2016
| url = http://www.infoclimat.fr/climatologie-07690-nice-cote-d-azur.html
| title = Normes et records 1961–1990: Nice – Côte d'Azur (06) – altitude 4m
| language = fr
| publisher = Infoclimat
| access-date = 10 March 2018}}</ref> Weather Atlas<ref name=wa/>
}}
<div style="width:100%;">
{{Weather box    
| width        = 100% <!-- 77% if there is a template or image next to it -->
| collapsed    = y <!-- y, if you have normal updates -->
| open         = 
| metric first = y <!-- always, except UK or US cities -->
| single line  = y
| location     = Nice ([[Nice Côte d'Azur Airport]]), elevation: {{convert|4|m|abbr=on|disp=or}}, 1961–1990 normals and extremes
<!--in the order as it appears in the table, not all of the following data may be available, especially records and days of precipitation -->
| Jan mean C  =8.7     
| Feb mean C  =9.4     
| Mar mean C  =11.0    
| Apr mean C  =13.1    
| May mean C  =16.4    
| Jun mean C  =19.8    
| Jul mean C  =22.9    
| Aug mean C  =23.1    
| Sep mean C  =20.5    
| Oct mean C  =17.0    
| Nov mean C  =12.5    
| Dec mean C  =9.7     
| Jan high C  =12.6    
| Feb high C  =13.1    
| Mar high C  =14.7    
| Apr high C  =16.6    
| May high C  =19.7    
| Jun high C  =23.1    
| Jul high C  =26.5    
| Aug high C  =26.8    
| Sep high C  =24.3    
| Oct high C  =21.0
| Nov high C  =16.4    
| Dec high C  =13.6    
| Jan avg record high C  = 14.7    
| Feb avg record high C  = 17.6    
| Mar avg record high C  = 16.5    
| Apr avg record high C  = 18.1    
| May avg record high C  = 21.8    
| Jun avg record high C  = 25.1    
| Jul avg record high C  = 28.7    
| Aug avg record high C  = 28.4    
| Sep avg record high C  = 26.4    
| Oct avg record high C  = 22.7    
| Nov avg record high C  = 17.7    
| Dec avg record high C  =14.7    
| Jan record high C =19.6    
| Feb record high C =25.8    
| Mar record high C =23.8    
| Apr record high C =25.2    
| May record high C =30.3    
| Jun record high C =31.1    
| Jul record high C =35.7    
| Aug record high C =34.4    
| Sep record high C =33.9    
| Oct record high C =29.9    
| Nov record high C =23.8    
| Dec record high C =21.3    
| Jan low C  =4.8    
| Feb low C  =5.8    
| Mar low C  =7.3    
| Apr low C  =9.7     
| May low C  =13.0     
| Jun low C  =16.3     
| Jul low C  =19.3    
| Aug low C  =19.4    
| Sep low C  =16.9     
| Oct low C  =13.3     
| Nov low C  =8.4      
| Dec low C  =5.7    
| Jan avg record low C  = 2.1    
| Feb avg record low C  = 2.5    
| Mar avg record low C  = 4.1    
| Apr avg record low C  = 8.1    
| May avg record low C  = 11.0    
| Jun avg record low C  = 14.8
| Jul avg record low C  = 17.3    
| Aug avg record low C  = 17.0    
| Sep avg record low C  = 13.8    
| Oct avg record low C  = 8.4    
| Nov avg record low C  = 6.9    
| Dec avg record low C  = 3.2    
| Jan record low C  =-7.2
| Feb record low C  =-5.8
| Mar record low C  =-5.0 
| Apr record low C  =2.9
| May record low C  =6.6    
| Jun record low C  =8.1    
| Jul record low C  =10.0    
| Aug record low C  =13.0    
| Sep record low C  =7.6    
| Oct record low C  =4.5    
| Nov record low C  =0.6
| Dec record low C  =-2.7
| precipitation colour  = green
| Jan precipitation mm  =61.3    
| Feb precipitation mm  =50.8    
| Mar precipitation mm  =66.2    
| Apr precipitation mm  =57.0    
| May precipitation mm  =37.4    
| Jun precipitation mm  =30.8    
| Jul precipitation mm  =6.5    
| Aug precipitation mm  =24.5
| Sep precipitation mm  =29.5    
| Oct precipitation mm  =78.9   
| Nov precipitation mm  =91.5   
| Dec precipitation mm  =67.1    
| Jan humidity = 67
| Feb humidity = 68
| Mar humidity = 69
| Apr humidity = 72
| May humidity = 75
| Jun humidity = 75
| Jul humidity = 73
| Aug humidity = 72
| Sep humidity = 74
| Oct humidity = 73
| Nov humidity = 71
| Dec humidity = 67
|year humidity = 71.3
| Jan percentsun  =53
| Feb percentsun  =52   
| Mar percentsun  =55   
| Apr percentsun  =57   
| May percentsun  =60   
| Jun percentsun  =65   
| Jul percentsun  =74   
| Aug percentsun  =72   
| Sep percentsun  =64   
| Oct percentsun  =61   
| Nov percentsun  =55   
| Dec percentsun  =55   
| Jan sun  =150.3
| Feb sun  =151.9
| Mar sun  =202.3
| Apr sun  =226.9
| May sun  =269.8
| Jun sun  =295.7
| Jul sun  =340.4
| Aug sun  =306.8
| Sep sun  =238.7
| Oct sun  =205.0
| Nov sun  =155.5
| Dec sun  =150.9
| Jan snow days  =0.7
| Feb snow days  =0.2
| Mar snow days  =0.1
| Apr snow days  =0.0
| May snow days  =0.0
| Jun snow days  =0.0
| Jul snow days  =0.0
| Aug snow days  =0.0
| Sep snow days  =0.0
| Oct snow days  =0.0
| Nov snow days  =0.1
| Dec snow days  =0.3
| unit precipitation days = 1.0 mm
| Jan precipitation days  =6.8     
| Feb precipitation days  =6.4     
| Mar precipitation days  =6.1     
| Apr precipitation days  =6.3     
| May precipitation days  =5.2     
| Jun precipitation days  =4.1     
| Jul precipitation days  =1.9     
| Aug precipitation days  =3.1     
| Sep precipitation days  =4.0     
| Oct precipitation days  =5.8     
| Nov precipitation days  =7.0     
| Dec precipitation days  =6.0     
| source = [[National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration|NOAA]]<ref name = noaa>{{cite web
| url = http://geodata.lib.ncsu.edu/fedgov/noaa/clino/TABLES/REG_VI/FR/07690.TXT
| title = Nice (07690) – WMO Weather Station
| access-date = 22 July 2019
| publisher = [[National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration|NOAA]]
| archive-date = 22 July 2019
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190722142142/http://geodata.lib.ncsu.edu/fedgov/noaa/clino/TABLES/REG_VI/FR/07690.TXT
| url-status = live
}}</ref>
|source 2 = Infoclimat.fr (humidity)<ref name=Infoclimat>{{cite web
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160315123145/http://www.infoclimat.fr/climatologie-07690-nice-cote-d-azur.html
| archive-date = 15 March 2016
| url = http://www.infoclimat.fr/climatologie-07690-nice-cote-d-azur.html
| title = Normes et records 1961–1990: Nice – Côte d'Azur (06) – altitude 4m
| language = fr
| publisher = Infoclimat
| access-date = 10 March 2018}}</ref>
}}
</div>

{|style="width:100%;text-align:center;line-height:1.2em;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto" class="wikitable mw-collapsible"
|-
!Colspan=14|Climate data for Nice
|-
!Month
!Jan
!Feb
!Mar
!Apr
!May
!Jun
!Jul
!Aug
!Sep
!Oct
!Nov
!Dec
!style="border-left-width:medium"|Year
|-
!Average sea temperature °C (°F)
|style="background:#C9C9FF;color:#000000;"|13.4<br />(56.1)
|style="background:#C3C3FF;color:#000000;"|13.0<br />(55.4)
|style="background:#C9C9FF;color:#000000;"|13.4<br />(56.1)
|style="background:#DBDBFF;color:#000000;"|14.6<br />(58.3)
|style="background:#FFEBAA;color:#000000;"|18.0<br />(64.4)
|style="background:#FFA000;color:#000000;"|21.8<br />(71.2)
|style="background:#FF8700;color:#000000;"|23.1<br />(73.6)
|style="background:#FF7D00;color:#000000;"|23.6<br />(74.5)
|style="background:#FF9900;color:#000000;"|22.2<br />(72.0)
|style="background:#FFCB21;color:#000000;"|19.6<br />(67.3)
|style="background:#FFF7DD;color:#000000;"|17.4<br />(63.3)
|style="background:#DFDFFF;color:#000000;"|14.9<br />(58.8)
|style="background:#FFEDB1;color:#000000;border-left-width:medium"|17.9<br />(64.3)
|-
!Mean daily daylight hours
|style="background:#E9E900;color:#000000;"|9.0
|style="background:#F7F722;color:#000000;"|11.0
|style="background:#FFFF33;color:#000000;"|12.0
|style="background:#FFFF44;color:#000000;"|13.0
|style="background:#FFFF66;color:#000000;"|15.0
|style="background:#FFFF66;color:#000000;"|15.0
|style="background:#FFFF66;color:#000000;"|15.0
|style="background:#FFFF55;color:#000000;"|14.0
|style="background:#FFFF33;color:#000000;"|12.0
|style="background:#F7F722;color:#000000;"|11.0
|style="background:#F0F011;color:#000000;"|10.0
|style="background:#E9E900;color:#000000;"|9.0
|style="background:#FFFF35;color:#000000;border-left-width:medium"|12.2
|-
!Colspan=14 style="background:#f8f9fa;font-weight:normal;font-size:95%;"|Source: Weather Atlas<ref name="wa">{{cite web |url=https://www.weather-atlas.com/en/france/nice-climate |title=Nice, France – Climate data |publisher=Weather Atlas |access-date=15 April 2017 |archive-date=12 February 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200212101218/https://www.weather-atlas.com/en/france/nice-climate |url-status=live }}</ref>
|}

==Economy and tourism==
Nice is the seat of the [[Chambre de commerce et d'industrie Nice Côte d'Azur]], which manages the Port of Nice. Investors from France and abroad can benefit from the assistance of the Côte d'Azur Economic Development Agency [[Team Côte d'Azur]].

Nice has one conference centre: the [[Palais des Congrès Acropolis]]. The city also has several business parks, including [[Districts of businesses Niçoise L'Arenas|l'Arenas]], [[Districts of Niçoise Nice businesses Plaine|Nice the Plain]], [[Districts of businesses Niçoise Nice Méridia|Nice Méridia]], [[Districts of businesses Niçoise Saint Isidore|Saint Isidore]], and the Northern Forum.

In addition, the city features several shopping centres such as Nicetoile on Avenue Jean Médecin, Cap3000 in [[Saint-Laurent-du-Var]] (the 5th-biggest mall in France by surface area), Nice TNL, Nice Lingostière, Northern Forum, St-Isidore, the Trinity (around the [[Auchan]] [[hypermarket]]) and [[Polygone Riviera]] in [[Cagnes-sur-Mer]].

[[Sophia Antipolis]] is a technology park northwest of [[Antibes]]. Much of the park is within the commune of [[Valbonne]]. Established between 1970 and 1984, it primarily houses companies in the fields of computing, electronics, pharmacology and biotechnology. Several institutions of higher learning are also located here, along with the European headquarters of W3C. It is known as "Europe's first science and technology hub" and is valued at more than 5 billion euros.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Technology Parks to promote regional economic transformation {{!}} Interreg Europe – Sharing solutions for better policy |url=https://www.interregeurope.eu/find-policy-solutions/stories/technology-parks-to-promote-regional-economic-transformation |access-date=8 February 2023 |website=www.interregeurope.eu |language=en}}</ref>

The [[Nice metropolitan area]] had a [[List of cities by GDP|GDP amounting to $47.7 billion]], and $34,480 per capita,<ref name="Brookings">{{cite web|url=http://www.brookings.edu/research/interactives/global-metro-monitor-3|title=Global city GDP 2011|publisher=Brookings Institution|access-date=4 March 2013|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130605135349/http://www.brookings.edu/research/interactives/global-metro-monitor-3|archive-date=5 June 2013}}</ref> slightly lower than the French average.

==Infrastructure==
===Transport===
====Port====
[[File:Hafen von Nizza.jpg|thumb|upright=1.5|Port of Nice]]
The main port of Nice is also known as Lympia port. This name comes from the Lympia spring which fed a small lake in a marshy zone where work on the port was started in 1745.{{Citation needed|date=May 2019}} Today this is the principal harbour installation of Nice – there is also a small port in the Carras district. The port is the first port cement manufacturer in France, linked to the treatment plants of the rollers of the valley of Paillon. Fishing activities remain but the number of professional fishermen is now less than 10.{{Citation needed|date=January 2020}} Nice, being the point of continental France nearest to [[Corsica]], has ferry connections with the island developed with the arrival of NGV (''navires à grande vitesse'') or [[high-speed craft]]. The connections are provided by [[Corsica Ferries - Sardinia Ferries]]. Located in front of the port, the Place Cassini has been renamed Place of Corsica.

====Airport====

[[Nice Côte d'Azur Airport]] is the third busiest airport in France after [[Charles de Gaulle Airport]] and [[Orly Airport]], both near Paris. It is on the [[Promenade des Anglais]], near l'Arénas and has two [[Airport terminal|terminals]]. Due to its proximity to the Principality of [[Monaco]], it also serves as that city–state's airport. A helicopter service provided by [[Heli Air Monaco]] and [[Monacair]] links the city and airport. It is run by the ACA (Aéroports Côte d'Azur), which includes [[Cannes - Mandelieu Airport]] and [[La Môle – Saint-Tropez Airport]]. Public transportation into the city proper is serviced by the [[Nice tramway|Tramway]] line 2 (T2).

====Rail====

The main railway station is [[Gare de Nice-Ville|Nice-Ville]], served both by high-speed [[TGV]] trains connecting Paris and Nice in less than 6 hours and by local commuter [[TER Provence-Alpes-Côte-d'Azur|TER]] services. [[Gare de Marseille-Saint-Charles|Marseille]] is reached in 2.5 hours. Nice also has international connections to Italy, Switzerland, Belgium, and Russia.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-11400917|title=French Riviera train for Russia|work=BBC News|date=23 September 2010|access-date=24 September 2010|archive-date=24 September 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100924045744/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-11400917|url-status=live}}</ref> Nice is also served by several suburban stations including [[Gare de Nice-Saint-Augustin|Nice St-Augustin]], Nice St-Roch, Nice Pont-Michel and [[Gare de Nice-Riquier|Nice Riquier]].

Nice is also the southern terminus of the independently run [[Chemins de Fer de Provence]] railway line which connects the city with [[Digne]] in approximately 4 hours from the [[Nice CP station]]. A metro-like suburban service is also provided on the southern part of the line.

====Tram====
[[Trams in Nice|Tramway de Nice]] began operating horse-drawn trams in 1879. Electrified in 1900, the combined length of the network reached {{convert|144|km|mi|frac=2|abbr=on}} by 1930. The replacement of trams with [[trolleybus]]es began in 1948 and was completed in 1953.

In 2007, the [[Nice tramway|new Tramway de Nice]] linked the northern and eastern suburbs via the city centre. Two other lines are currently operating. The second line runs east–west from [[Avenue Jean Médecin|Jean Médecin]] to the [[Nice Côte d'Azur Airport]] and reaches the Port, while the third line provides a connection to the future TGV Nice Saint-Augustin and to Lingostière railway station.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://tramway.nice.fr/La-ligne-1/Dates-et-chiffres-cles |title=Dates et chiffres clés / La ligne 1 / Accueil – Tramway de la Communauté Urbaine Nice Côte d'Azur |language=fr |publisher=Tramway.nice.fr |access-date=15 September 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110906064924/http://tramway.nice.fr/La-ligne-1/Dates-et-chiffres-cles |archive-date=6 September 2011 }}</ref> A fourth line is set to run from the future TGV Nice Saint-Augustin to [[Cagnes-sur-Mer]].

====Road====

The [[A8 autoroute]] and the [[Route nationale 7]] pass through the Nice agglomeration.

====Sports and entertainment====
* [[Stade du Ray]] (demolished) 
* [[Allianz Riviera]]
* [[Stade Charles-Ehrmann]]
* [[:fr:Marcel_Volot|Stade Marcel-Volot]]
* [[Palais Nikaïa]]
* [[Nice Jazz Festival]]
* [[Nice Carnival]]
* [[Tour de France]]
* [https://olympics.com/en/paris-2024 Summer Olympics]

==== Major Infrastructure Projects ====
'''Promenade du Paillon Extension:''' The city has been working on extending the Promenade du Paillon, an urban park that enhances green spaces and offers recreational areas for residents and visitors. MEET IN NICE CÔTE D'AZUR<ref>{{Cite web |title=The major projects of the City of Nice |url=https://www.meet-in-nicecotedazur.com/en/destination-nice-cote-dazur/choose-nice-cote-dazur/the-major-projects-of-the-city-of-nice/ |access-date=2025-01-07 |website=Meet in Nice |language=en-GB}}</ref>

'''Éco-Vallée:''' This project focuses on sustainable urban development in the Var plain, aiming to create a model for ecological urbanism.

'''Grand Arénas Multimodal Transport Hub:''' A new transport hub is being developed to improve connectivity, integrating various modes of transportation for better accessibility.

'''New Conference Area at the Port of Nice:''' In preparation for the Oceans Summit in June 2025, Nice is inaugurating a new events center on the Quai Amiral Infernet, featuring a 2,400-seat amphitheater and additional reception rooms.

==Sport==
[[File:AllianzRiviera342.JPG|thumb|[[Allianz Riviera]]]]
* The city's major [[association football|football]] club is [[OGC Nice]]. They play in [[Ligue 1]] (the top division in France).
* The [[Olympic Nice]] swimming club ({{langx|fr|Olympic Nice Natation}}) is also notable; [[Camille Muffat]] and [[Yannick Agnel]] trained there.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.olympicnice.com/|title=Olympic Nice Natation homepage|publisher=Olympic Nice Natation|language=fr|access-date=17 September 2014|archive-date=12 August 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140812203124/http://www.olympicnice.com/|url-status=live}}</ref>
* Nice hosts the finish of the annual [[bicycle road racing|cycling race]] [[Paris–Nice]].
* The [[Nice hockey Côte d'Azur|Nice Hockey Élite]] club play in [[Ligue Magnus]], the top men's division of the French ice hockey pyramid.
* The [[Stade Niçois]] is a rugby club playing in [[Fédérale 1]].

==Population==

{{Historical populations
| align = none
| cols = 2
| percentages = pagr
| source = EHESS<ref name=ehess>{{Cassini-Ehess|24984|Nice}}</ref> and INSEE<ref name=pophist>[https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/4515315?geo=COM-06088#ancre-POP_T1 Population en historique depuis 1968] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210310173703/https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/4515315?geo=COM-06088#ancre-POP_T1 |date=10 March 2021 }}, INSEE</ref>
| graph-pos = bottom
|1793 |24117
|1800 |18475
|1806 |19783
|1822 |25231
|1838 |33811
|1848 |39000
|1858 |44091
|1861 |48273
|1866 |50180
|1872 |52377
|1876 |53397
|1881 |66279
|1886 |77478
|1891 |88273
|1896 |93760
|1901 |105109
|1906 |134232
|1911 |142940
|1921 |155839
|1926 |184441
|1931 |219549
|1936 |241916
|1946 |211165
|1954 |244360
|1962 |292958
|1968 |322442
|1975 |344481
|1982 |337085
|1990 |342439
|1999 |343123
|2007 |348721
|2012 |343629
|2017 |340017
}}
{{as of|2018}}, the urban area (''[[unité urbaine]]'') of Nice, defined by INSEE, was home to 944,321 inhabitants (seventh most populous in France) and its [[Nice metropolitan area|metropolitan area]] (''[[functional area (France)|aire urbaine]]'') totaled 609,695 inhabitants, which made it the 13th largest in France.<ref name=compar>[https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/1405599?geo=AAV2020-017+UU2020-06701+COM-06088 Comparateur de territoire: Aire d'attraction des villes 2020 de Nice (017), Unité urbaine 2020 de Nice (06701), Commune de Nice (06088)], [[Institut national de la statistique et des études économiques|INSEE]], retrieved 20 June 2022.</ref> Part of the urban area of Nice belongs to the metropolitan area of Cannes–Antibes.

Since the 1970s, the number of inhabitants has not changed significantly; the relatively high migration to Nice is balanced by a natural negative growth of the population.

==Observatory==
[[File:Coupole Bischoffsheim.jpg|thumb|View of the Bischoffsheim cupola, the main cupola of [[Nice Observatory]]]]
The ''Observatoire de Nice'' ([[Nice Observatory]]) is located on the summit of Mont Gros. The observatory was established in 1879 by the banker [[Raphaël Bischoffsheim]]. The architect was [[Charles Garnier (architect)|Charles Garnier]]; [[Gustave Eiffel]] designed the main dome.

The 76-cm (30-inch) [[refractor telescope]] that became operational in 1888 was at that time the world's largest telescope.

==Culture==
Terra-Amata, an archaeological site dating from the [[Lower Palaeolithic]] age, is situated near Nice. Nice itself was established by the ancient [[Greeks]]. There was also an independent [[Ancient Rome|Roman]] city, Cemenelum, near Nice, where the hill of Cimiez is located.

Since the 2nd century AD, the light of the city has attracted painters and sculptors such as [[Chagall]], [[Matisse]], [[Niki de Saint Phalle]], [[Yves Klein|Klein]], [[Arman]] and [[Sacha Sosno|Sosno]]. Nice inspired many composers and intellectuals in different countries e.g. [[Hector Berlioz|Berlioz]], [[Rossini]], [[Friedrich Nietzsche|Nietzsche]], etc.

Nice also has numerous museums of all kinds: [[Musée Marc Chagall]], [[Musée Matisse (Nice)|Musée Matisse]], [[Musée des Beaux-Arts de Nice|Musée des Beaux-Arts]], [[Musée international d'Art naïf Anatole Jakovsky]], Musée Terra-Amata, Museum of Asian Art, [[Musée d'art moderne et d'art contemporain]] (which devotes much space to the well-known ''École of Nice ''"), Museum of Natural History, Musée Masséna, Naval Museum and ''Galerie des Ponchettes''.

Being a vacation resort, Nice hosts many festivals throughout the year, such as the [[Nice Carnival]] and the [[Nice Jazz Festival]].

Nice has a distinct culture due to its unique history. The local language ''[[Niçard]] (Nissart)'' is an [[Occitan language|Occitan]] dialect (but some Italian scholars argue that it is a [[Ligurian language (Romance)|Ligurian]] dialect).{{citation needed|date=February 2018}} It is still spoken by a substantial minority.{{Citation needed|date=October 2019}} Strong [[Italian culture|Italian]] and (to a lesser extent) [[Corsica]]n influences make it more intelligible to speakers of Italian than other extant Provençal dialects.{{citation needed|date=February 2023}}

In the past, Nice has welcomed many immigrants from [[Italy]] (who continue to make up a large proportion of the population), as well as [[Spaniards]] and [[Portuguese people|Portuguese]]. In the past few decades immigration has been opened to include immigrants from all over the world, particularly those from former [[North Africa|Northern]] and [[West Africa|Western African]] colonies, as well as [[Southeast Asia]].{{citation needed|date=February 2018}} Traditions are still alive, especially in [[folk music]] and dances, including the [[farandole]] – an open-chain community dance.

Since 1860 a cannon (based at the Château east of Old Nice) is shot at twelve o'clock sharp. The detonation can be heard almost all over the city. This tradition goes back to Sir Thomas Coventry, who intended to remind the citizens of having lunch on time.<ref>[https://archive.today/20130411000725/http://www.francemonthly.com/nice-french-riviera/ Nice – French Riviera: Noon on the Dot] from ''francemonthly.com''. Retrieved 11 February 2013.</ref>

'''''Hôtel du Couvent:''''' A 17th-century monastery in Nice was transformed into a five-star hotel, opening its doors in June 2024. This project blends historical architecture with modern luxury, contributing to the city's hospitality offerings. LE MONDE<ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-06-17 |title=In Nice, a 17th century monastery has been converted into a five-star hotel |url=https://www.lemonde.fr/en/lifestyle/article/2024/06/17/in-nice-a-17th-century-monastery-has-been-converted-into-a-five-star-hotel_6674960_37.html |access-date=2025-01-07 |language=en}}</ref>

===Cuisine===
The cuisine of Nice is especially close to those of [[Provençal cuisine|Provence]] but also [[Ligurian cuisine|Liguria]] and [[Piemontese cuisine|Piedmont]] and uses local ingredients ([[olive oil]], [[anchovies]], fruit and vegetables) but also those from more remote regions, in particular from Northern Europe, because ships which came to pick up olive oil arrived full of food products, such as dried [[haddock]].{{citation needed|date=May 2023}}

The local cuisine is rich in around 200 recipes. Most famous include the local tart made with onions and [[anchovies]] (or anchovy paste), named "[[Pissaladière]]" and derived from the ligurian pissalandrea, a sort of pizza. ''[[Farinata|Socca]]'' is a type of pancake made from [[chickpea]] flour. ''[[Farcis niçois]]'' is a dish made from vegetables stuffed with a mixture of breadcrumbs, meat (generally sausage and ground beef), and herbs; and ''[[salade niçoise]]'' is a tomato salad with baked eggs, tuna or anchovies, olives and often lettuce. Green peppers, vinaigrette, and other raw green vegetables may be included. Potatoes and green beans are not traditional components.

Local meat comes from neighbouring valleys, such as the sheep of [[Sisteron]]. Local fish, such as mullets, bream, sea urchins, anchovies and poutine/[[gianchetti]] are used to a great extent, so much so that it has given birth to a proverb: "fish are born in the sea and die in oil".<ref>{{Cite book|title=What Caesar Did For My Salad: The Secret Meanings of our Favourite Dishes|last=Jack|first=Albert|publisher=Penguin UK|year=2010|isbn=9780141929927|location=London}}</ref>

Examples of Niçois specialties include:
[[File:Nizza-Salat an der F Mittelmeerküste.JPG|thumb|[[Salade niçoise]]]]
*[[Salade niçoise]]
*[[Pan-bagnat]]  
*[[Ratatouille]]  
*[[Daube]] 
*[[Pissaladière]]
*[[Farinata|Socca]]
*[[Barbajuan]]  
*[[Tapenade]]  
*[[Fougasse (bread)|Fougasse]]

[[File:Bataille de fleurs. 2020-02-22 14-43-52.jpg|thumb|Flower parade]]

==Education==
* [[Côte d'Azur University]]
* [[Institut Eurécom]]
* [[École des hautes études commerciales du nord]]
* [[École pour l'informatique et les nouvelles technologies]]
* [[Villa Arson]]
* [[Ecole Supérieure de Réalisation Audiovisuelle|ESRA]] [[film school]]
* [[Institut supérieur européen de formation par l'action]]
* [[IPAG Business School]]
* [[Supinfo]]
* [[Skema Business School]]
* [[Lycée Masséna]]
* [[Lycée Albert-Calmette]]

==International relations==
{{More citations needed section|date=February 2015}}
{{See also|List of twin towns and sister cities in France}}

Nice is [[Twin towns and sister cities|twinned]] with:<ref name="Nice Jumellage">{{cite web|url=http://www.nice.fr/Collectivites/La-municipalite/Villes-jumelees-avec-la-Ville-de-Nice |title=Villes jumelées avec la Ville de Nice |access-date=24 June 2013 |publisher=Ville de Nice |language=fr |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121029114949/http://nice.fr/Collectivites/La-municipalite/Villes-jumelees-avec-la-Ville-de-Nice |archive-date=29 October 2012 }}</ref>

{{Colbegin|colwidth=22em}}
* {{flagicon|ESP}} [[Alicante]], Spain
* {{flagicon|MAD}} [[Antananarivo]], Madagascar
* {{flagicon|KAZ}} [[Astana]], Kazakhstan<ref name="Astana twinnings">{{cite web|url=http://astana.gov.kz/en/modules/material/1647|title=Astana and Nice established twin relations|access-date=5 July 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141015024605/http://astana.gov.kz/en/modules/material/1647|archive-date=15 October 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref>
* {{flagicon|VIE}} [[Can Tho]], Vietnam
* {{flagicon|COL}} [[Cartagena, Colombia]]
* {{flagicon|ITA}} [[Cuneo]], Italy
* {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Edinburgh]], UK<ref name="Edinburgh twinning">{{cite web|url=http://www.edinburgh.gov.uk/info/695/council_information_performance_and_statistics/685/european_international_and_parliamentary_relations/3|title=Twin and Partner Cities|publisher=City of Edinburgh Council|access-date=16 January 2009|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120614133841/http://www.edinburgh.gov.uk/info/695/council_information_performance_and_statistics/685/european_international_and_parliamentary_relations/3|archive-date=14 June 2012}}</ref><ref name="Archant twinning 3">{{cite web|url=http://www.completefrance.com/language-culture/twin-towns|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130705094933/http://www.completefrance.com/language-culture/twin-towns|title=British towns twinned with French towns ''[via WaybackMachine.com]''|access-date=20 July 2013|archive-date=5 July 2013|work=Archant Community Media Ltd}}</ref>
* {{flagicon|POL}} [[Gdańsk]], Poland
* {{flagicon|PRC}} [[Hangzhou]], China
* {{flagicon|USA}} [[Houston, Texas|Houston]], United States
* {{flagicon|JPN}} [[Kamakura, Kanagawa|Kamakura]], Japan
* {{flagicon|CAN}} [[Laval, Quebec|Laval]], Canada
* {{flagicon|GAB}} [[Libreville]], Gabon
* {{flagicon|SUI}} [[Locarno]], Switzerland<ref name="Swiss twinnings">{{cite web|url=http://www.locarno.ch/it/gemellaggi|title=City of Locarno – Twin Towns & Sister Cities|access-date=10 January 2018|archive-date=10 January 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180110174243/http://www.locarno.ch/it/gemellaggi|url-status=live}}</ref>
* {{flagicon|USA}} [[Louisiana|Louisiana (state)]], United States
* {{flagicon|PHI}} [[Manila]], Philippines
* {{flagicon|USA}} [[Miami, Florida|Miami]], United States
* {{flagicon|ISR}} [[Netanya]], Israel<ref name="Netanya twinnings">{{cite web|url=http://www.netanya.muni.il/eng/?CategoryID=1779|title=Netanya – Twin Cities|access-date=1 August 2013|work=Netanya Municipality|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130201094809/http://www.netanya.muni.il/Eng/?CategoryID=1779|archive-date=1 February 2013}}</ref>
* {{flagicon|FRA}} [[Nouméa]], [[New Caledonia]]
* {{flagicon|GER}} [[Nuremberg]], Germany
* {{flagicon|FRA}} [[Papeete]], France
* {{flagicon|THA}} [[Phuket (city)|Phuket]], Thailand
* {{flagicon|BRA}} [[Rio de Janeiro]], Brazil
* {{flagicon|FRA}} [[Saint-Denis, Réunion|Saint-Denis]], France
* {{flagicon|RUS}} [[Saint Petersburg]], Russia
* {{flagicon|ESP}} [[Santa Cruz de Tenerife]], Spain
* {{flagicon|ITA}} [[Sorrento]], Italy
* {{flagicon|HUN}} [[Szeged]], Hungary
* {{flagicon|GRE}} [[Thessaloniki]], Greece<ref name="Greek twinnings">{{cite web|url=http://www.kedke.gr/uploads/twinnedcities.pdf|title=Twinnings|access-date=25 August 2013|work=Central Union of Municipalities & Communities of Greece|archive-date=5 August 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190805053212/http://www.kedke.gr/uploads/twinnedcities.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref>
* {{flagicon|PRC}} [[Xiamen]], China
* {{flagicon|UKR}} [[Yalta]], Ukraine
* {{flagicon|ARM}} [[Yerevan]], Armenia<ref name="Yerevan twinnings 2">{{cite web|url=http://www.yerevan.am/en/partner/sister-cities/|title=Yerevan – Twin Towns & Sister Cities|access-date=4 November 2013|work=Yerevan Municipality Official Website|archive-date=31 October 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191031192729/http://www.yerevan.am/en/partner/sister-cities/|url-status=live}}</ref>
{{Colend}}

==Notable people==
{{div col|colwidth=30em}}
* [[Nicholas Alexandrovich]] (1843–1865) –  [[Tsesarevich]], the heir apparent, of Imperial Russia died in Nice and was patron of the [[Russian Orthodox Cemetery, Nice]]
* [[Louis Aragon]] (1897–1982) – Poet and novelist and his wife, the Russian-born writer [[Elsa Triolet]], lived clandestinely in Nice during [[World War II]]
* [[The Avener]] (born 1987) – musical artist and DJ, born in Nice
* [[Jean Behra]] (1921–1959) – racing driver, born in Nice
* [[Elliot Benchetrit]] (born 1998) – tennis player
* [[Freda Betti]] (1924–1979) – opera singer
* [[Henri Betti]] (1917–2005) – composer and pianist
* [[Priscilla Betti]] (born 1989) – singer and actress
* [[Jules Bianchi]] (1989–2015) – Formula 1 Driver
* [[Surya Bonaly]] (born 1973) – figure skater
* [[Jean-Philippe Bonardi]] (born 1970 – French and Swiss university professor
* [[Alexy Bosetti]] (born 1993) – footballer
* [[Loïc Bruni]] (born 1994) professional [[Downhill mountain biking|downhill mountain biker]]
* [[Albert Calmette]] (1863–1933) – physician, bacteriologist and immunologist
* [[René Cassin]] (1887–1976) – jurist, law professor and judge, former student of Nice's Lycée Massena, he received the Nobel Peace Prize in 1968<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/peace/laureates/1968/cassin.html|title=René Cassin|publisher=[[Nobel Foundation]]|access-date=22 October 2012|archive-date=5 November 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121105045113/http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/peace/laureates/1968/cassin.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
* [[Henry Cavendish]] (1731–1810) – British scientist noted for his discovery of hydrogen
* [[Éric Ciotti]] (born 1965) – politician, born in Nice
* [[Alfred Van Cleef]] – jeweler buried in Nice at the [[Cimetière du Château]]
* [[Alizé Cornet]] (born 1990) – tennis player
* [[Joseph Dadoune]] (born 1975) – visual artist
* [[Marc Duret]] (born 1957) – French-American actor and director, starring in ''[[The Big Blue]]'', ''[[La Femme Nikita (film)|La Femme Nikita]]'', ''[[La haine]]'', ''[[Borgia (TV series)|Borgia]]'', ''[[Outlander (TV series)|Outlander]]'', born in Nice
* [[Christian Estrosi]] (born 1955) – born in Nice, mayor from 2008 to 2016 and again since 2017
* [[Jacqueline Eymar]] (1922–2008) – classical pianist
* [[Feder (DJ)|Feder]] (born 1987) – musical artist and DJ, born in Nice
* [[Léon Gambetta]] (1838–1881) – politician, buried in Nice
* [[Giuseppe Garibaldi]] (1807–1882) – Italian general, politician and patriot, a founding father of Italy, born in Nice
* [[René Goscinny]] (1926–1977)– ''[[Asterix]]'' creator, buried in Nice
* [[José Gustavo Guerrero]] (1876–1958) – first president of the International Court of Justice buried in Nice at [[Cimetière du Château]]
* [[Emily Hallifax]] (born 2005) – diver
* [[James Charles Harris|James C Harris]] (1831–1904) – 19th century British consul at Nice; painted many scenes in and around the city
* [[Dominic Howard]] (born 1977) – drummer for [[Muse (band)|Muse]] currently lives in Nice
* [[Cyprien Iov]] (born 1989) – known simply as Cyprien, comedian and actor with a large Youtube channel, born in Nice
* [[Dominique Jean-Zéphirin]] (born 1982) – footballer
* [[Emil Jellinek-Mercedes]] (1853–1918) – General Counsel for Austria-Hungary, and founder of Mercedes car company buried in Nice at [[Cimetière du Château]]
* [[Elton John]] (born 1947) – singer, owned a house in Mont Boron on the hills of Nice
* [[David Kadouch]] (born 1985), pianist and chamber musician
* [[Alexis Kossenko]] (born 1977) – classical flautist and conductor
* [[Georges Lautner]] (1926–2013) – director born in Nice, buried in the cemetery of the Castle
* [[J. M. G. Le Clézio]] (born 1940) – author and professor, was awarded the 2008 Nobel Prize in Literature<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/books/news/french-novelist-le-clzio-wins-nobel-literature-prize-956394.html|title=French novelist Le Clézio wins Nobel literature prize|newspaper=[[The Independent]]|date=9 October 2008|first=John|last=Lichfield|access-date=22 October 2012|archive-date=4 November 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121104232545/http://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/books/news/french-novelist-le-clzio-wins-nobel-literature-prize-956394.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
* [[Hugo Lloris]] (born 1986) – French international footballer, born in Nice
* [[Jacques Loew]] (1908–1999) – French [[worker-priest]], born and raised in Nice
* [[Heinrich Mann]] (1871–1950) – German novelist (and brother of [[Thomas Mann]]) lived in Nice
* [[André Masséna]] (1758–1817) – 1st Duc de Rivoli, 1st Prince d'Essling, one of the original 18 Marshals of the Empire, French military commander during the Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars, his nickname was l'Enfant chéri de la Victoire ("the Dear Child of Victory")<ref>General Michel Franceschi (Ret.), Austerlitz (Montreal: International Napoleonic Society, 2005), 20.</ref>
* [[Jean-Pierre Mocky]] (1929–2019) – film director, actor, screenwriter and producer
* [[Amedeo Modigliani]] (1884–1920) – lived for a few months in Nice with his companion [[Jeanne Hébuterne]]; she gave birth to their daughter [[Jeanne Modigliani|Giovanna]] in 1918.
* [[Mohammed VI of Morocco|Mohammed VI]] (born 1963) – king of Morocco, obtained the title of Doctor of Law at the University of Nice Sophia Antipolis
* [[Jacques Ochs]] (1883–1971) – artist and Olympic fencing champion
* [[Clairemarie Osta]] (born 1970) – ballet dancer, ''[[Danseur étoile|étoile]]'' at [[Paris Opera Ballet]]
* [[Pino Presti]] (born 1943) – Italian bassist, arranger, composer, conductor and record producer, lived in Nice<ref>[http://www.lejazzophone.com/le-jazz-italien-pino-presti/Le Jazzophone] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210529143618/https://www.lejazzophone.com/le-dernier-souffle-divan-jullien/ |date=29 May 2021 }}. Retrieved 19 December 2016 {{in lang|fr}}.</ref>
* [[Fabio Quartararo]] (born 1999) – French [[MotoGP]] World Champion
* [[Auguste Renoir]] (1841–1919) – had his studio in Nice from 1911 to 1919 at the corner of the Rue Alfred Mortier and the Quai St Jean Baptiste. A commemorative plaque is affixed to it.
* [[Dick Rivers]] (1945–2019)– born Hervé Forneri, rock singer, born in Nice
* [[Ken Samaras]] (born 1990) – known as Nekfeu, French rapper, born in the suburbs of Nice
* [[Robert W. Service]] (1874–1958) – poet and writer of the [[Klondike Gold Rush]] lived in Nice during the summers from 1916 to 1940<ref>{{cite web|url=http://robertwservice.blogspot.com/p/biographie.html|title=Biography|publisher=Robert W Service Estate|access-date=3 May 2013|archive-date=2 January 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160102022359/http://robertwservice.blogspot.com/p/biographie.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
* [[Joann Sfar]] (born 1971) – comics artist, comic book creator and film director
* [[Michel Siffre]] (born 1939) – adventurer and scientist
* [[Gilles Simon]] (born 1984) – tennis player
* [[Michael Sinterniklaas]] (born 1972) – American voice actor
* [[Aimé Teisseire]] (1914–2008) – French Army officer, lived in Nice after his retirement from the military until his death at the age of 93<ref name = "MOL">[[Musée de l'Ordre de la Libération]]. [http://www.ordredelaliberation.fr/fr/les-compagnons/1037/aime-teisseire "Aimé Teisseire"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160126141522/http://www.ordredelaliberation.fr/fr/les-compagnons/1037/aime-teisseire |date=26 January 2016 }}. Retrieved 19 January 2016 {{in lang|fr}}.</ref>
* [[Ben Vautier]] (1935–2024) – artist
* [[Simone Veil]] (1927–2017) – lawyer and politician who served as Minister of Health, President of the European Parliament and member of the Constitutional Council of France; survivor of the Auschwitz-Birkenau concentration camp, born in Nice
* [[Queen Victoria]] (1819–1901) – Queen of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, Empress of India, stayed many winters in Nice
* [[Valérie Zenatti]] (born 1970) – writer
* [[Nguyễn Văn Xuân]] (1892–1989), French Army general and Vietnamese politician, lived in France in later life until he died in Nice at the age of 96
{{div col end}}

===Honorary citizens===
[[Charles III]], then [[Prince of Wales]], received [[honorary citizenship]] of Nice on 8 May 2018.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.connexionfrance.com/French-news/Prince-Charles-made-honorary-Nicois|title=Prince Charles made honorary Niçois|website=Connexionfrance.com|access-date=21 December 2018|archive-date=20 September 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180920084421/https://www.connexionfrance.com/French-news/Prince-Charles-made-honorary-Nicois|url-status=live}}</ref>

==See also==
{{Portal|France}}
{{div col|colwidth=20em}}
* [[37th G8 summit]]
* [[Charles-Léonce Brossé]]
* [[Cimetière du Château]]
* [[European Institute of High International Studies]]
* [[Jean-Louis Turquin case]]
* [[Le Méridien]]
* [[Nice biscuit]]
* [[Rugby Nice Côte d'Azur Université-Racing]]
* [[Russian Orthodox Cemetery, Nice]]
* [[Albert Spaggiari]]
{{div col end}}

==Notes==
<references group="lower-alpha" />

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==Further reading==
{{See also|Timeline of Nice#Bibliography|l1=Bibliography of the history of Nice}}
* Sykes, Colonel. "Statistics of Nice Maritime." ''Journal of the Statistical Society of London'' 18.1 (1855): 34–73.  [https://www.jstor.org/stable/2338123 online]
* {{Cite Catholic Encyclopedia|wstitle=Diocese of Nice}}

==External links==
{{Sister project links|Nice|voy=Nice|wikt=Nice}}
* [https://www.nice.fr/ Official website of the City of Nice] {{in lang|fr}}
* [http://nicecotedazur.org/ Official website of Nice Metropolis] {{in lang|fr}}
* [https://artsandculture.google.com/story/ygVRchPAdZtBkQ Nice, Winter Resort Town of the Riviera] – UNESCO collection on Google Arts and Culture
{{Préfectures of départements of France}}
{{Alpes-Maritimes communes}}
{{Cities in France}}
{{Portal bar|France|EU|Geography}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Nice| ]]
[[Category:Communes of Alpes-Maritimes]]
[[Category:Prefectures in France]]
[[Category:World Heritage Sites in France]]
[[Category:Massalian colonies]]
[[Category:Cities in France]]