Editing Nisan

{{Short description|1st month of the Hebrew calendar}}
{{about|the [[Hebrew calendar]]|the Gregorian calendar month Nisan in Turkey meaning April|Kha b-Nisan|the Japanese automaker|Nissan}}
{{other uses}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2020}}
{{More citations needed|date=January 2010}}
{{Infobox month
| image       = Sedertable.jpg
| alt         = 
| caption     = The [[Passover Seder|Seder Table]] the ritual feast in the Jewish holiday of [[Passover]] which occurs on the 15 Nisan.
| native_name = {{Native name|he| {{Script/Hebrew|נִיסָן}}}}, ܢܝܣܢ ([[Syriac language|Syriac]])
| calendar    = [[Hebrew calendar]], [[Assyrian calendar]]
| num         = 1
| days        = 30
| season      = [[Spring (season)|Spring]] ([[Northern Hemisphere]])
| gregorian   = March–April
| holidays    = 
* [[Passover]], [[Akitu]] (Assyrian New year)
| prev_month  = [[Adar]]
| next_month  = [[Iyar]]
}}

'''Nisan''' (or '''Nissan'''; {{langx|he|נִיסָן|Nīsān}} from {{langx|akk|𒁈|translit=Nissāni}}) in the [[Babylonian calendar|Babylonian]] and [[Hebrew calendar]]s is the month of the barley ripening and first month of spring. The name of the month is an [[Akkadian language]] borrowing, although it ultimately originates in [[Sumerian language|Sumerian]] ''nisag'' "first fruits". In the [[Hebrew calendar]] it is the first month of the ecclesiastical year, called the "first of the months of the year" ([[Beshalach|Exodus 12]]:1-2), "first month" (Ex 12:14), and the month of ''[[Aviv]]'' (Ex 13:4) {{lang|he|בְּחֹ֖דֶשׁ הָאָבִֽיב}} ''ḥōḏeš hāʾāḇîḇ''). It is called Nissān in the [[Book of Esther]].  It is a month of 30 days. In the year 2025, 1 Nisan will occur on 30 March. Counting from 1 [[Tishrei]], the civil new year, it would be the seventh month (eighth, in leap year), but in contemporary Jewish culture, both months are viewed as the first and seventh simultaneously, and are referred to as one or the other depending on the specific religious aspects being discussed.

==Name and origin==
The biblical Hebrew months were given enumerations instead of names. The new moon of [[Aviv]], which in Hebrew means "barley ripening" and by extension "spring season"(Exodus 9:31) is one of the few called both by name and by its number, the first. Nisan and other Akkadian-origin names for the equivalent lunar months in the [[Babylonian calendar]] came to be applied to the Hebrew calendar during the [[Babylonian captivity]], in which the month of Aviv's name was ''Araḫ Nissānu'', the "month of beginning".<ref>Muss-Arnolt, W., [http://www.jstor.org/stable/3259081 The Names of the Assyro-Babylonian Months and Their Regents], Journal of Biblical Literature Vol. 11, No. 1 (1892), pp. 72–94 [76], accessed 10 August 2020 (subscription only - free access at [http://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mdp.39015030576584&seq=9])</ref>

==Holidays and observances==
* '''1 Nisan''' [[Lunar New Year#Middle East|Lunar new year]], marking the month of Aviv meaning [[Spring (season)|spring]], as the first month of the year, which month was later called Nisan.  The first national [[mitzvah]] that was given to the Jewish people to fix the calendar to the new moon of Aviv, according to the [[Book of Exodus]] 12:1–2, 12:18. ({{circa|1456}}&nbsp;BCE)
* '''10 Nisan''' – [[Yom HaAliyah]] – Aliyah Day, Israeli national holiday
* '''14 Nisan''' – [[Fast of the Firstborn]] – When the 14th falls on [[Sabbath]], Ashkenazim observe it on 12 Nisan and Sephardim do not observe it at all
* '''14 Nisan''' – [[Passover seder]] meal and [[Haggadah]] on the going out of the 14th and eve of the 15th
* '''15–21 Nisan (22 Nisan outside of Israel)''' – Feast of [[Matzot]] – [[Passover]] week
* '''23 Nisan''' – [[Mimouna]] – a [[Maghrebi]] Jewish celebration of the end of the Passover prohibition on eating ''[[chametz]]'', on 22 Nisan within Israel
* '''27 Nisan''' – [[Yom HaShoah]] (Holocaust and Heroism Remembrance Day) – on 26 Nisan or 28 Nisan when the 27th falls on Friday or Sunday respectively, interfering with Shabbat

==Moveable holidays and observances==
* [[Shabbat HaGadol]] is the sabbath which immediately precedes the 15 Nisan, the first day of [[Pesach]], which changes due to the leap year in the [[Hebrew calendar]].

==In history and tradition==
{{Incomplete list|date=April 2023}}
* '''1 Nisan''' The day the floodwaters receded from the earth, after the dove was sent out by [[Noah]] and returned with an [[olive branch]], according to [[Book of Genesis|Genesis]] 8:10-13
* '''1 Nisan''' (c. 1638&nbsp;BCE) – Death of [[Abraham]] according to the Talmud<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Rosh Hashanah 11a:2 |url=https://www.sefaria.org/Rosh_Hashanah.11a.2?ven=William_Davidson_Edition_-_English&lang=bi&with=all&lang2=en |access-date=2024-08-13 |website=www.sefaria.org}}</ref>
* '''1 Nisan''' (c. 1533&nbsp;BCE) – Death of [[Isaac]] according to the Talmud<ref name=":0" />
* '''1 Nisan''' (c. 1506&nbsp;BCE) – Death of [[Jacob]] according to the Talmud<ref name=":0" />
* '''1 Nisan''' (c. 1455&nbsp;BCE) – [[Tabernacle]] (''Mishkan'') inaugurated on the second year {{cite web|url=https://www.sefaria.org/Exodus.40|title=Exodus 40}}
* '''1 Nisan''' (c. 1455&nbsp;BCE) death of [[Nadab and Abihu]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Vayikra Rabbah 20:2 |url=https://www.sefaria.org/Vayikra_Rabbah.20.2 |access-date=2022-03-20 |website=www.sefaria.org}}</ref>
* '''1 Nisan''' (c. 3761&nbsp;BCE) – Creation of the Universe according to [[Joshua ben Hananiah]]'s opinion in the [[Talmud]], [[Rosh Hashanah (tractate)|tractate Rosh Hashanah]] 10b–11a).
* '''1 Nisan''' (1772) – Birth of Rabbi [[Nachman of Breslov]]{{citation needed|date=March 2021}}
* '''1 Nisan''' (1892) – Death of Rabbi [[Elimelech Szapira]] of Grodzhisk{{citation needed|date=March 2021}}
* '''2 Nisan''' (1920) – Death of [[Sholom Dovber Schneersohn]], the fifth [[Chabad#Leadership|Lubavitcher Rebbe]]. His last words are recorded as, "I'm going to heaven; I leave you the writings."{{citation needed|date=March 2021}}
* '''3 Nisan''' (1492) – The [[Alhambra Decree]] orders the expulsion of Spanish Jews from [[Castile (historical region)|Castile]] and [[Aragon]] (but not [[Navarre]]).
* '''7 Nisan''' (c. 1416&nbsp;BCE) – [[Joshua]] sends two spies to [[Tell es-Sultan|Jericho]].{{citation needed|date=March 2021}}
* '''8 Nisan''' (1948) – Birth of [[Yaakov Yechezkiya Greenwald II]], the present [[Pupa (Hasidic dynasty)|Pupa Rebbe]]{{citation needed|date=March 2021}}
* '''10 Nisan''' (c. 1456&nbsp;BCE) – The first [[Special Shabbat#Shabbat HaGadol|Shabbat HaGadol]] was celebrated by the Israelites in Egypt five days before [[The Exodus]].
* '''10 Nisan''' (c. 1417&nbsp;BCE) – Yahrzeit of [[Miriam]] the prophetess, 39&nbsp;years after the [[Book of Exodus|Exodus]].<ref>{{cite book|title=Megillat Ta'anit, fast days; Targum Yonaton, Nu. 20:1}}</ref>
* '''10 Nisan''' (c. 1416&nbsp;BCE) – The [[Israelites]] cross the [[Jordan River]] into [[Canaan]] ([[Book of Joshua]], 4)
* '''11 Nisan''' (1270) – Death of [[Nachmanides]]{{citation needed|date=March 2021}}
* '''11 Nisan''' (1902) – Birth of the seventh Lubavitcher Rebbe, [[Menachem Mendel Schneerson]]<ref name="Tzadikim">{{Cite web |title=Tzadikim |url=https://dailyzohar.com/tzadikim/247-Rabbi-Menachem-Mendel-Schneersohn |access-date=2023-12-12 |website=dailyzohar.com}}</ref>
* '''13 Nisan''' (c. 474&nbsp;BCE) – [[Haman]]'s decree to annihilate the Jews is passed.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Congress |first=World Jewish |title=World Jewish Congress |url=https://www.worldjewishcongress.org/en/news/this-week-in-jewish-history--birth-of-moses-maimonides-rambam |access-date=2023-12-12 |website=World Jewish Congress |language=EN}}</ref>
* '''13 Nisan''' (1575) – Death of [[Joseph Caro]], author of the ''[[Shulchan Aruch]]''.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Tzadikim |url=https://dailyzohar.com/tzadikim/559-Rabbi-Joseph-Yosef-Karo |access-date=2023-12-12 |website=dailyzohar.com}}</ref>
* '''13 Nisan''' (1866) – Death of [[Menachem Mendel Schneersohn]], the third Lubavitcher Rebbe.<ref name="Tzadikim"/>
* '''14 Nisan''' (1135) – Birth of [[Maimonides]]{{citation needed|date=March 2021}}
* '''14 Nisan''' (1943) – [[Warsaw Ghetto Uprising]] begins. The uprising would last until 3 Iyar, and is now commemorated in Israel on 27 Nisan.{{citation needed|date=March 2021}}
* '''14 Nisan''' (c. 1456&nbsp;BCE) – On the going out thereof, the eve of the 15th, was the first [[Passover]] meal, and the [[Plagues of Egypt#10. Death of firstborn son: Ex. 11:1–12:36|10th plague]] on Egypt, the slaying of the firstborn.
* '''15 Nisan''' (c. 1456&nbsp;BCE) – [[The Exodus]] from [[Egypt]], [[with a strong hand and an outstretched arm]]
* '''15 Nisan''' (c. 1713&nbsp;BCE) – Birth of [[Isaac]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Rosh Hashanah 11a:13 |url=https://www.sefaria.org/Rosh_Hashanah.11a.13?ven=William_Davidson_Edition_-_English&lang=bi&with=all&lang2=en |access-date=2024-08-13 |website=www.sefaria.org}}</ref>
* '''15 Nisan''' (474&nbsp;BCE) – [[Esther]] appears before [[Ahasuerus]] unsummoned and invites him and Haman to a feast to be held the same day. During the feast she requests that the king and Haman attend a second feast the next day.{{citation needed|date=March 2021}}
* '''16 Nisan''' (c. 1273&nbsp;BCE) – The Israelites stop eating [[manna]] six days after entering the [[Holy Land]].{{citation needed|date=March 2021}}
* '''16 Nisan''' (c. 474&nbsp;BCE) – Esther's second feast, during which she accuses Haman regarding his plot to annihilate her nation. Ahasuerus orders his servants to hang Haman.<ref>Midrashic Tradition (Yalkut Shimoni, Esther, Remez 1056)</ref>
* '''17 Nisan''' (c. 24th century&nbsp;BCE) – Noah's Ark came to rest on mountains of Ararat<ref>(Nisan before Torah, Genesis 8:4, Exodus 12:1)</ref>
* '''17 Nisan'''  (c. 474&nbsp;BCE) – Haman hanged after Esther's second drinking party.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AUP-XFQgTRwC&dq=Haman+hanged+after+Esther%27s+second+drinking+party&pg=RA2-PA81|title=Ruth|isbn=978-0-8146-5045-5|last1=Linafelt|first1=Tod|last2=Cotter|first2=David W.|last3=Beal|first3=Timothy K.|last4=Walsh|first4=Jerome T.|last5=Franke|first5=Chris|year=1999|publisher=Liturgical Press }}</ref><ref>[https://shaalvim.co.il/torah/maayan-article.asp?id=301 The Origin of the Hanging of Haman on Passover]</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=המקור לתליית המן בפסח - מכון שלמה אומן |url=https://www.machonso.org/hamaayan/?gilayon=14&id=715 |access-date=2025-04-21 |website=www.machonso.org}}</ref>
* '''21 Nisan''' (c. 1456&nbsp;BCE) – The [[Red Sea]] splits, allowing Israel to escape the Egyptian army.{{citation needed|date=March 2021}}
* '''26 Nisan''' (c. 1386&nbsp;BCE) – Traditional yahrzeit of [[Joshua]] son of Nun.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.ou.org/judaism-101/bh-yom-yom/nissan/|title=Nissan|website=Orthodox Union}}</ref>
* '''28 Nisan''' (c. 1415&nbsp;BCE) – [[Battle of Jericho]] by [[Joshua]] ([[Book of Joshua]] ch. 6).
* '''29 Nisan''' (1620) – Death of [[Hayyim ben Joseph Vital]], a [[Kabbalist]] and a disciple of [[Isaac Luria]].{{citation needed|date=March 2021}}
* '''29 Nisan''' (1699) – In [[Bamberg, Germany]], during a commercial crisis in 1699, the populace rose up against the Jews, and one Jew saved himself by throwing prunes from a gable-window down upon the mob. That event, the 29th of Nisan, called the ''Zwetschgen Taanit'' "Plum-Fast", was commemorated by a fast and a [[Purim]] festivity until the extermination of the Jewish community there.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|title=Bamberg|url=http://www.jewishencyclopedia.com/articles/2422-bamberg|encyclopedia=Jewish Encyclopedia|access-date=30 April 2014}}</ref>

==Table of civil dates when 1 Nisan occurs==
The list below gives a time which can be used to determine the day the Jewish ecclesiastical (spring) year starts over a period of nineteen years. These are not Nisan ''molad'' times, although the offset necessarily remains constant. (The fractions shown are fractions of a minute.)

:17:49 Wednesday, 22 March 2023
:15:21 <math>\tfrac{13}{18}</math> Tuesday, 9 April 2024
:00:10 <math>\tfrac{7}{18}</math> Sunday, 30 March 2025
:08:59 <math>\tfrac{1}{18}</math> Thursday, 19 March 2026
:06:31 <math>\tfrac{14}{18}</math> Wednesday, 7 April 2027
:15:20 <math>\tfrac{8}{18}</math> Sunday, 26 March 2028
:00:09 <math>\tfrac{2}{18}</math> Friday, 16 March 2029
:21:41 <math>\tfrac{15}{18}</math> Wednesday, 3 April 2030
:06:30 <math>\tfrac{9}{18}</math> Monday, 24 March 2031
:15:19 <math>\tfrac{3}{18}</math> Friday, 12 March 2032
:12:51 <math>\tfrac{16}{18}</math> Thursday, 31 March 2033
:21:40 <math>\tfrac{10}{18}</math> Monday, 20 March 2034
:19:13 <math>\tfrac{5}{18}</math> Sunday, 8 April 2035
:04:01 <math>\tfrac{17}{18}</math> Friday, 28 March 2036
:12:50 <math>\tfrac{11}{18}</math> Tuesday, 17 March 2037
:10:23 <math>\tfrac{6}{18}</math> Monday, 5 April 2038
:19:12 Friday, 25 March 2039
:04:00 <math>\tfrac{12}{18}</math> Wednesday, 14 March 2040
:01:33 <math>\tfrac{7}{18}</math> Tuesday, 2 April 2041

Every nineteen years this time is 2 days, 16 hours, 33 1/18 minutes later in the week. That is either the same or the previous day in the civil calendar, depending on whether the difference in the day of the week is three or two days. If 29 February is included fewer than five times in the nineteen – year period the date will be later by the number of days which corresponds to the difference between the actual number of insertions and five. If the year is due to start on Sunday, it actually begins on the following Tuesday if the following year is due to start on Friday morning. If due to start on Monday, Wednesday or Friday it actually begins on the following day. If due to start on Saturday, it actually begins on the following day if the previous year was due to begin on Monday morning.

The table below lists, for a Jewish year commencing on 23 March, the civil date of the first day of each month. If the year does not begin on 23 March, each month's first day will differ from the date shown by the number of days that the start of the year differs from 23 March. The correct column is the one which shows the correct starting date for the following year in the last row. If 29 February falls within a Jewish month the first day of later months will be a day earlier than shown.

{|class="wikitable"
|+ Civil date of first day of Jewish months
|-
!Length of year: ||353 days||354 days||355 days||383 days||384 days||385 days
|-
|First month||colspan="6"| 23 March
|-
|Second month||colspan="6"| 22 April
|-
|Third month||colspan="6"| 21 May
|-
|Fourth month||colspan="6"| 20 June
|-
|Fifth month||colspan="6"| 19 July
|-
|Sixth month||colspan="6"| 18 August
|-
|Seventh month||colspan="6"| 16 September
|-
|Eighth month||colspan="6"| 16 October
|-
|Ninth month||colspan="2"| 14 November||15 November||colspan="2"| 14 November||15 November
|-
|Tenth month||13 December||14 December||15 December||13 December||14 December||15 December
|-
|Eleventh month||11 January||12 January||13 January||11 January||12 January||13 January
|-
|Added month||colspan="3" {{N/A}} ||10 February||11 February||12 February
|-
|Twelfth month||10 February||11 February||12 February||12 March||13 March||14 March
|-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|First month||11 March||12 March||13 March||10 April||11 April||12 April
|}

For long period calculations, dates should be reduced to the [[Julian calendar]] and converted back to the civil calendar at the end of the calculation. The civil calendar used here (Exigian) is correct to one day in 44,000 years and omits the leap day in centennial years which do not give remainder 200 or 700 when divided by 900.<ref>{{cite web |last=Cassidy |first=Simon |title=Re: How long is a year..EXACTLY? East Carolina University Calendar discussion List CALNDR-L |url=http://hermetic.ch/cal_stud/cassidy/howlong.htm |access-date=11 March 2023 |date=25 October 1996}}</ref> It is identical to the Gregorian calendar between 15 October 1582 CE and 28 February 2400 CE (both dates inclusive).{{efn|This calendar was devised to provide specific advantages over the Revised Julian calendar, which was itself devised to provide specific advantages over the Gregorian calendar. These are: historical identity of dates with the Gregorian (see above for range); when projected back to before the Christian era the leap year rule remains unchanged; in the Finnish Orthodox Church, which currently uses the Gregorian Paschalion, five Easter tables would be used in the next 900 years (involving six switches) because two tables are used twice. There would be no change over any 900-year cycle if the Revised Julian calendar were used, but the Exigian calendar (so named to avoid having to describe it every time it came up in discussion) requires only four switches because no table is used twice.}}

To find how many days the civil calendar is ahead of the Julian in any year from 301 BCE (the calendar is proleptic [assumed] up to 1582 CE) add 300 to the year, multiply the hundreds by 7, divide by 9 and subtract 4. Ignore any fraction of a day. When the difference between the calendars changes the calculated value applies on and from 1 March (civil date) for conversions to Julian. For earlier dates reduce the calculated value by one. For conversions to the civil date the calculated value applies on and from 29 February (Julian date). Again, for earlier dates reduce the calculated value by one. The difference is applied to the calendar one is converting '''into'''. A negative value indicates that the Julian date is ahead of the civil date. In this case it is important to remember that when calculating the civil equivalent of 29 February (Julian), 29 February is discounted. Thus if the calculated value is −4 the civil equivalent of this date is 24 February. Before 1 CE use astronomical years rather than years BCE. The astronomical year is (year BCE) – 1.

Up to the 4th century CE, these tables give the day of the Jewish month to within a day or so and the number of the month to within a month or so. From the 4th century, the number of the month is given exactly and from the 9th century the day of the month is given exactly as well.

In the Julian calendar, every 76 years the Jewish year is due to start 5h 47 14/18m earlier, and 3d 18h 12 4/18m later in the week.

;Example calculation

On what civil date does the eighth month begin in CE 20874–5?

20874=2026+(248×76). In (248×76) Julian years the Jewish year is due to start (248×3d 18h 12 4/18m) later in the week, which is 932d 2h 31 2/18m or 1d 2h 31 2/18m later after removing complete weeks. Allowing for the current difference of thirteen days between the civil and Julian calendars, the Julian date is 13+(248×0d 5h 47 4/18m) earlier, which is 72d 21h 28 16/18m earlier. Convert back to the civil calendar by applying the formula.

:20874+300=21174
:211×7=1477
:1477/9=164 remainder 1
:164−4=160.
:160d−72d 21h 28 16/18m=87d 2h 31 2/18m.

So, in 20874 CE, the Jewish year is due to begin 87d 2h 31 2/18m later than in 2026 CE and 1d 2h 31 2/18m later in the week. In 20874 CE, therefore, the Jewish year is due to begin at 11.30 3/18 am on Friday, 14 June. Because of the displacements, it actually begins on Saturday, 15 June. Odd months have 30 days and even months 29, so the starting dates are 2, 15 July; 3, 13 August; 4, 12 September; 5, 11 October; 6, 10 November; 7, 9 December, and 8, 8 January.

The rules are based on the theory that Maimonides explains in his book ''Rabbinical Astronomy''.<ref>{{cite book |last=Feldman |first=W M |title=Rabbinical Mathematics and Astronomy |series=Judaic Studies Library; no. SHP 4 |isbn=978-0872030268 |publisher=Hermon Press |edition=3rd |location=New York |year=1978}}</ref>{{efn|No allowance is made for the secular (centennial) decrease of ½ second in the length of the mean tropical year and the increase of about four yards in the distance between the Earth and the Moon resulting from tidal friction because astronomy was not sufficiently developed in the 12th century (when Maimonides wrote his book) to detect this.}} The times in the list are those calculated by [[Carl Friedrich Gauss|Gauss]]<ref>C F Gauss, ''Berechnung des jüdischen Osterfestes'', Monatliche Correspondenz zur Beförderung der Erd- und Himmels-Kunde, 5, herausgegeben vom Freiherrn von Zach, Mai 1802, pp 435–437; reprinted in: Carl Friedrich Gauss Werke (Königlichen Gesellschaft der Wissenschaften, Göttingen, 1874), vol. 6, pp. 80–81.</ref> with an offset of −14 days as his calculation gives the civil date of Passover rather than the start of the month. Gauss's calculation has been rigorously proved.<ref>{{cite web |last=Burnaby |first=Sherrard Beaumont |year=1901 |title=Elements of the Jewish and Muhammedan calendars with rules and tables and explanatory notes on the Julian and Gregorian calendars. Chapter 8: The formula of Dr. Gauss for finding the Christian date of the Jewish Passover |url=http://www.archive.org/details/elementsofjewish00burnuoft/page/218/mode/2up |pages=219–239 |location=London}}</ref>

== Other uses ==
* There is also a month in the [[Assyrian calendar]] called Nisanu with a similar root of the word that Nisan which comes from of which Nisanu comes from the [[Akkadian language|Akkadian]] of [[Akkadian Empire|Akkad]], [[Assyria]] and [[Babylonia]] ''nisānu'', which derives from [[Sumerian language|Sumerian]] ''nisag'' "First fruits".{{citation needed|date=March 2021}} 
* "Nisan" is also the name for the month of April in [[Levantine Arabic|Levantine]] and [[Mesopotamian Arabic]] ({{langx|ar|نيسان}}), a later Semitic language (see [[Arabic names of Gregorian months]]), in [[Kurdish languages]] and [[Turkish language|modern Turkish]].  [[Maghrebi Arabic|Maghrebi]] and [[Gulf Arabic|Gulf state Arabic]] use the modified Latin name "Ibril".{{citation needed|date=March 2024}}
* In the story of [[Xenogears]], "Nisan" is the name of a country, named after the Hebrew month.{{citation needed|date=March 2024}}
* [[Quartodecimanism]]{{citation needed|date=March 2024}}

== See also ==
* [[Jewish astrology]]
* {{annotated link|Chaitra}}
* [[Computus]]{{snd}} Calculation of the date of Easter (originally based on Nisan)

==Notes==
{{notelist}}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* [http://www.inner.org/times/nisan/index.php Resources on the Month of Nisan]
* [http://jewishencyclopedia.com/view.jsp?artid=299&letter=N&search=Nisan Jewish Encyclopedia: Nisan]
* [https://archive.today/20121220125636/http://www.blueletterbible.org/cgi-bin/words.pl?word=05212 Strong's Concordance: Nisan]
* [http://www.chabad.org/calendar/ This Month in Jewish History]
* [http://www.deadseaquake.info/pdfs/RD2018.pdf ''Calendar calculations''] Edward M Reingold and Nachum Dershowitz (Chapter 8), Cambridge, 2018. ISBN 978-1-107-05762-3

{{Jewish and Israeli holidays}}{{Iraq topics}}

[[Category:Nisan| ]]
[[Category:Months of the Hebrew calendar]]