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{{short description|South wind god in Greek mythology}} {{other}} {{Infobox deity | type = Greek | image = File:Αέρηδες - Νότος 6558.jpg | caption = Notus on the relief of the [[Tower of the Winds]], [[Athens]], [[Greece]]. | god_of = God of the South Wind | Roman_equivalent = Auster | name = Notus | abode = [[Sky]] | script_name = Greek | script = {{lang|grc|Νότος}} | parents = [[Eos]] and [[Astraeus]] | siblings = [[Anemoi|Winds]] ([[Boreas (god)|Boreas]], [[Eurus]], and [[Zephyrus]]), [[Eosphorus]], the Stars, [[Memnon (mythology)|Memnon]], [[Emathion]], [[Astraea (mythology)|Astraea]] }} In [[Greek mythology]] and [[Ancient Greek religion|religion]], '''Notus''' ({{langx|grc|Νότος|Nótos|south}}) is the god of the south wind and one of the [[Anemoi]] (wind-gods), sons of the dawn goddess [[Eos]] and the star-god [[Astraeus]]. A desiccating wind of heat, Notus was associated with the storms of late summer and early autumn, wetness, mist, and was seen as a rain-bringer. Unlike his two more notable brothers, [[Boreas (god)|Boreas]] (the god of the north wind) and [[Zephyrus]] (the god of the west wind), Notus has little to no unique mythology of his own. His Roman equivalent is the god '''Auster'''. == Etymology == The Greek noun {{lang|grc|νότος}} refers both to the south cardinal direction and the south wind that blows from it.{{sfn|Liddell|Scott|1940|loc=s.v. [https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.04.0057:entry=no/tos νότος]}} Its ultimate etymology remains unknown, although a [[Pre-Greek substrate|pre-Greek]] origin seems to be the most likely origin.{{sfn|Beekes|2010|loc=s.v.[https://archive.org/details/etymological-dictionary-of-greek/page/1025/mode/2up?view=theater Νότος]}} == Family == Notus, like most of the wind gods, the [[Anemoi]] was said to be the son of [[Eos]], the goddess of the dawn, by her husband [[Astraeus]], a minor god related to the stars.<ref>[[Hesiod]], ''[[Theogony]]'' [https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0130%3Acard%3D371 378], [[Gaius Julius Hyginus|Hyginus]] [https://topostext.org/work/206#0.2 Preface]; [[Bibliotheca (Pseudo-Apollodorus)|Apollodorus]] [http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Apollod.+1.2.4&fromdoc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0022 1.2.3]; [[Nonnus]], ''[[Dionysiaca]]'' [https://archive.org/details/dionysiaca01nonnuoft/page/216/mode/2up?view=theater 6.28]</ref> Thus, he is brother to the five star-gods and the justice goddess [[Astraea]], and half-brother to the mortals [[Memnon]] and [[Emathion]], sons of his mother Eos by the Trojan prince [[Tithonus]]. Notus has no known consorts, lovers or offspring. The ancient Greeks distinguished the three types of wind blowing from the south; the first was notos (the one Notus mostly represents) which blew from various directions in winter and was seen as the rain-bringer that obscured visibility, the second was leukonotos ("white notus") which was milder and cleared up the sky, and the third was the hot bringer of dust, identified with [[sirocco]].<ref>{{cite journal | website = referenceworks-brillonline-com/subjects | url = https://referenceworks.brillonline.com/entries/brill-s-new-pauly/notus-e825330?s | doi = 10.1163/1574-9347_bnp_e825330 | date = 2006 | access-date = April 17, 2023 | last1 = Hünemörder | first1 = Christian | location = Hamburg, Kiel | last2 = Käppel | first2 = Lutz | title = Notus | editor-first1 = Hubert | editor-last1 = Cancik | editor-first2 = Helmuth | editor-last2 = Schneider | translator = Christine F. Salazar| url-access = subscription }}</ref> == Mythology == [[File:NotosGodOfTheSouthWind-Byzantine-ROM-Dec29-07.png|thumb|left|Byzantine fresco depicting Notus.]] Notus is one of the three wind-gods mentioned by [[Hesiod]], alongside his brothers [[Boreas (god)|Boreas]] and [[Zephyrus]],{{sfn|Kerenyi|1951|page=[https://archive.org/details/in.gov.ignca.7346/page/n231/mode/2up?view=theater 205]}} the three wind gods seen as beneficial by the ancient Greeks.<ref>{{cite journal | url = https://referenceworks.brillonline.com/entries/brill-s-new-pauly/zephyrus-e12216400 | doi = 10.1163/1574-9347_bnp_e12216400 | website = referenceworks-brillonline-com/subjects | last = Rausch | first = Sven | location = Hamburg | title = Zephyrus | date = 2006 | editor-first1 = Hubert | editor-last1 = Cancik | editor-first2 = Helmuth | editor-last2 = Schneider | translator = Christine F. Salazar | access-date = April 13, 2023| url-access = subscription }}</ref> Unlike his two more prominent brothers however, Notus has very little mythology, and mostly appears in conjugation with his brothers, with too few unique appearances to differate him from the rest.{{sfn|Grimal|1987|page=[https://archive.org/details/dictionaryofclas00grim/page/311/mode/2up?view=theater 312]}} In his preparation for the Great Deluge, [[Zeus]] locked up Boreas and the other cloud-blowing gales, and let Notus free, to rain upon the earth, who let it pour all over the globe, drowning almost everyone.<ref>[[Ovid]], ''[[Metamorphoses]]'' [https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.02.0074%3Abook%3D1%3Acard%3D253 1.262]</ref> [[File:VarsaviaPalazzo4VentiVento1_(cropped_and_mirrored).jpg|thumb|Statue of Notus.]] In the ''[[Odyssey]]'' the winds seem to dwell on the island of [[Aeolia (mythical island)|Aeolia]], as [[Zeus]] has made [[Aeolus (son of Hippotes)|Aeolus]] keeper of the winds.{{sfn|Myrsiades|2019|page=[https://books.google.com/books?id=Z2bcDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT104 104]}} Aeolus receives [[Odysseus]] and his crew, and keeps them as guests for a month.<ref>[[Homer]], ''[[Odyssey]]'' [https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0136%3Abook%3D10%3Acard%3D1 1-45]</ref> As they part, Aeolus gives Odysseus a bag containing all the winds, except for Zephyrus; although warned not to open the bag, Odysseus's crewmates however foolishly open the bag, thinking it to contain some treasure, and set free Notus along with all the other winds as well, who then blow the ships back to Aeolia.{{sfn|Myrsiades|2019|page=[https://books.google.com/books?id=Z2bcDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT104 104]}} In the ''[[Dionysiaca]]'' meanwhile, he and his brothers live with their father Astraeus; Notus serves water from a jug when [[Demeter]] pays a visit.<ref>[[Nonnus]], ''[[Dionysiaca]]'' [https://archive.org/details/dionysiaca01nonnuoft/page/216/mode/2up?view=theater 6.28]</ref> In the ''[[Iliad]]'', Notus dined together with his brothers in a far away land as [[Iris (mythology)|Iris]] visited to summon Boreas and Zephyrus.<ref>[[Homer]], the ''[[Iliad]]'' [https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0134%3Abook%3D23%3Acard%3D192 23.192-225]</ref>{{sfn|Hard|2004|page=[https://books.google.com/books?id=r1Y3xZWVlnIC&pg=PA48 48]}} Much later, he and [[Eurus]] strand Odysseus on [[Thrinacia]], the island of the sun-god [[Helios]], for an entire month.{{sfn|Gantz|1996|page=[https://archive.org/details/early-greek-myth-a-guide-timothy-gantz/page/704/mode/2up?view=theater 705]}} In the [[Pergamon Altar]] which depicts the battle of the gods against the [[Giants (Greek mythology)|Giants]], Notus and the other three wind gods are shown as horse-shaped deities who pull Hera's chariot;<ref>''[[Lexicon Iconographicum Mythologiae Classicae|LIMC]]'' [http://ark.dasch.swiss/ark:/72163/080e-73ac4ebff2462-9 617 (Venti)]</ref><ref>{{cite book | first = Max | last = Kunze | title = Der grosse Marmoraltar von Pergamon | trans-title = The Large Marble Altar of Pergamon | publisher = Staatliche Museem zu Berlin | language = German | location = Berlin | date = 1988 | pages = 23–24}}</ref> their equine form is also found in [[Quintus Smyrnaeus]]'s works, where they pull Zeus instead.<ref>[[Quintus Smyrnaeus]], ''[[Posthomerica|Fall of Troy]]'' [https://archive.org/details/falloftroy00quin/page/500/mode/2up?view=theater 12.189]</ref> In the [[Tower of the Winds]], a Roman-era octagonal clock tower in [[Athens]], Notus is depicted in middle relief as a beardless young man emptying a water-filled pointed amphora, symbolizing rain.<ref>''[[Lexicon Iconographicum Mythologiae Classicae|LIMC]]'' [https://weblimc.org/page/monument/2071045 363]</ref> In one of his few defining appearances, Notus features in two of the ''Dialogues of the Sea Gods'', a satirical work by [[Lucian]] of [[Samsat|Samosata]]. In the first, he and Zephyrus discuss the woes of the Argive princess [[Io (mythology)|Io]] at the hands of [[Zeus]] and [[Hera]],<ref>[[Lucian]], ''Dialogues of the Sea Gods'' [http://lucianofsamosata.info/wiki/doku.php?id=home:texts_and_library:dialogues:dialogues-of-the-sea-gods#vii 7: South Wind and West Wind I]</ref> while in the second Zephyrus enthusiastically describes the marvellous scene of the abduction of [[Europa (mythology)|Europa]] by the bull, while Notus admits in disappointment having seen nothing of note.<ref>[[Lucian]], ''Dialogues of the Sea Gods'' [http://lucianofsamosata.info/wiki/doku.php?id=home:texts_and_library:dialogues:dialogues-of-the-sea-gods#xv 15: South Wind and West Wind II]</ref> == Auster == For the Romans, Notus was identified with the god Auster ("south"), closely associated with the sirocco wind. Like Notus himself, Auster has no big role in mythology. The name, Auster, means south and is the root of words such as [[Australia]], literally "south land." == Genealogy == {{chart top|Notus's family tree<ref>[[Hesiod]], ''[[Theogony]]'' [https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Hes.+Th.+132 132–138], [https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Hes.+Th.+337 337–411], [https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Hes.+Th.+453 453–520], [https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Hes.+Th.+901 901–906, 915–920]; Caldwell, pp. 8–11, tables 11–14.</ref>|collapsed=no}} {{chart/start}} {{chart|}} {{chart| | | | | | | | | | | |URA |y|GAI |~|~|~|~|~|~|~|~|~|y|PON|URA=[[Uranus (mythology)|Uranus]]|GAI=[[Gaia]]|PON=[[Pontus (mythology)|Pontus]]}} {{chart|,|-|v|-|-|-|v|-|-|-|-|-|v|-|^|-|v|-|-|-|-|-|-|.| | | |!}} {{chart|!|OCE |y|TET | | | |HYP |y|THE | | | | |CRI |y|EUR|OCE=[[Oceanus]]|TET=[[Tethys (mythology)|Tethys]]|HYP=[[Hyperion (Titan)|Hyperion]]|THE=[[Theia]]|CRI=[[Crius]]|EUR=[[Eurybia (mythology)|Eurybia]]}} {{chart|!| |,|-|^|-|.| | | |,|-|-|-|+|-|-|-|.| | | |,|-|-|^|v|-|-|-|.}} {{chart|!|RIV | |OCE | |HEL | |SEL | |EOS |y |AST | |PAL | |PER |RIV=<small>The [[Potamoi|Rivers]]</small>|OCE=<small>The [[Oceanids]]</small>|HEL=[[Helios]]|SEL=[[Selene]]<ref>Although usually the daughter of Hyperion and Theia, as in [[Hesiod]], ''[[Theogony]]'' [https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Hes.+Th.+371 371–374], in the ''[[Homeric Hymns|Homeric Hymn]] to Hermes'' (4), [https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=HH+4+99&fromdoc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0138 99–100], Selene is instead made the daughter of Pallas the son of Megamedes.</ref>|EOS=[[Eos]]|AST=[[Astraeus]]|PAL=[[Pallas (Titan)|Pallas]]|PER=[[Perses (Titan)|Perses]]}} {{chart|!| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |,|-|-|-|+|-|-|-|.}} {{chart|!| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |NOT | |ASR | |PLA |NOT='''NOTUS''' <br><small>Anemoi</small>|ASR=[[Astraea]]<ref>Astraea is not mentioned by Hesiod, instead she is given as a daughter of Eos and Astraeus in [[Gaius Julius Hyginus|Hyginus]] ''Astronomica'' [https://topostext.org/work/207#2.25.1 2.25.1].</ref>|PLA=Stars}} {{chart|!| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |}} {{chart|)|-|-|-|-|-|v|-|-|-|v|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|v|-|-|-|.| | | |}} {{chart|!| | | | |CRO |y|RHE | | | | | | | |COE |y|PHO | | |COE=[[Coeus]]|PHO=[[Phoebe (Titaness)|Phoebe]]|CRO=[[Cronus]]|RHE=[[Rhea (mythology)|Rhea]]}} {{chart|!| |,|-|v|-|v|-|^|-|v|-|v|-|.| | | | | |,|-|^|-|.| | | }} {{chart|!|HES |!|HER | |HAD |!|ZEU | | | |LET | |AST | |HES=[[Hestia]]|HER=[[Hera]]|HAD=[[Hades]]|ZEU=[[Zeus]]|LET=[[Leto]]|AST=[[Asteria]]}} {{chart|!| | | |!| | | | | | | |!| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |}} {{chart|!| | |DEM | | | | | |POS | | | | | | | | | | | | | |DEM=[[Demeter]]|POS=[[Poseidon]]}} {{chart|!| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |}} {{chart|`|-|-|-|-|v|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|v|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|.}} {{chart| | | | |IAP |y|CLY | | | | | |MNE |~|y|~|ZEU |~|y|~|THE |IAP=[[Iapetus (mythology)|Iapetus]]|CLY=[[Clymene (wife of Iapetus)|Clymene]] (or [[Asia (Oceanid)|Asia]])<ref>According to [[Hesiod]], ''[[Theogony]]'' [https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Hes.+Th.+507 507–511], Clymene, one of the [[Oceanid]]s, the daughters of [[Oceanus]] and [[Tethys (mythology)|Tethys]], at [[Hesiod]], ''[[Theogony]]'' [https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Hes.+Th.+351 351], was the mother by Iapetus of Atlas, Menoetius, Prometheus, and Epimetheus, while according to [[Bibliotheca (Pseudo-Apollodorus)|Apollodorus]], [https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0022%3Atext%3DLibrary%3Abook%3D1%3Achapter%3D2%3Asection%3D3 1.2.3], another Oceanid, Asia was their mother by Iapetus.</ref>|MNE=[[Mnemosyne]]|ZEU=(Zeus)|THE=[[Themis]]}} {{chart| |,|-|-|-|v|-|^|-|v|-|-|-|.| | | | | | |!| | | | | |!}} {{chart|ATL | |MEN | |PRO | |EPI | | | | |MUS | | | |HOR |ATL=[[Atlas (mythology)|Atlas]]<ref>According to [[Plato]], ''[[Critias (dialogue)|Critias]]'', [http://data.perseus.org/citations/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0059.tlg032.perseus-eng1:113d 113d–114a], Atlas was the son of [[Poseidon]] and the mortal [[Cleito]].</ref>|MEN=[[Menoetius (Greek mythology)|Menoetius]]|PRO=[[Prometheus]]<ref>In [[Aeschylus]], ''[[Prometheus Bound]]'' 18, 211, 873 (Sommerstein, pp. [http://www.loebclassics.com/view/aeschylus-prometheus_bound/2009/pb_LCL145.445.xml 444–445 n. 2], [http://www.loebclassics.com/view/aeschylus-prometheus_bound/2009/pb_LCL145.467.xml 446–447 n. 24], [http://www.loebclassics.com/view/aeschylus-prometheus_bound/2009/pb_LCL145.539.xml 538–539 n. 113]) Prometheus is made to be the son of [[Themis]].</ref>|EPI=[[Epimetheus (mythology)|Epimetheus]]|MUS=<small>The [[Muses]]</small>|HOR=<small>The [[Horae]]</small>}} {{chart/end}} {{chart bottom}} == See also == {{portal|Ancient Greece|Ancient Rome|Mythology}} * [[Bacab]] * [[Dáinn, Dvalinn, Duneyrr and Duraþrór]] * [[Norðri, Suðri, Austri and Vestri]] * [[Vayu]] * [[List of wind deities]] == References == {{reflist}} == Bibliography == {{refbegin|30em}} * [[Bibliotheca (Pseudo-Apollodorus)|Apollodorus]], ''Apollodorus, The Library, with an English Translation by Sir James George Frazer, F.B.A., F.R.S. in 2 Volumes.'' Cambridge, MA, Harvard University Press; London, William Heinemann Ltd. 1921. [https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text;jsessionid=C431BA809CA4DEA22A15DA9C666F3400?doc=Perseus%3atext%3a1999.01.0022%3atext%3dLibrary Online version at the Perseus Digital Library]. * {{cite book | author-link = Robert S. P. Beekes | last = Beekes | first = Robert S. P. | title = Etymological Dictionary of Greek | location = Leiden, the Netherlands | publisher = [[Brill Publications]] | date = 2010 | volume = 2 | isbn = 978-90-04-17419-1 | series = Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series | editor = Lucien van Beek | url = https://archive.org/details/etymological-dictionary-of-greek}} * {{cite book | url = https://archive.org/details/early-greek-myth-a-guide-timothy-gantz/ | author-link = Timothy Gantz | last = Gantz | first = Timothy | year = 1996 | title = Early Greek Myth: A guide to literary and artistic sources | location = Baltimore, MD | publisher = Johns Hopkins University Press | postscript = ;}} in two volumes: (Vol. 1) {{ISBN|978-0-8018-5360-9}}; (Vol. 2) {{ISBN|978-0-8018-5362-3}}. * {{cite book | author-link = Pierre Grimal | last = Grimal | first = Pierre | title = The Dictionary of Classical Mythology | date = 1987 | publisher = Wiley-Blackwell | isbn = 0-631-13209-0 | url = https://archive.org/details/dictionaryofclas00grim/mode/2up?view=theater | location = New York, USA | translator = A. R. Maxwell-Hyslop}} * {{cite book | last = Hard | first = Robin | title = The Routledge Handbook of Greek Mythology: Based on H.J. Rose's "Handbook of Greek Mythology" | publisher = [[Psychology Press]] | date = 2004 | isbn = 9780415186360 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=r1Y3xZWVlnIC}} * [[Hesiod]], ''[[Theogony]]'', in ''The Homeric Hymns and Homerica with an English Translation by Hugh G. Evelyn-White'', Cambridge, MA., Harvard University Press; London, William Heinemann Ltd. 1914. [https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0130%3Acard%3D1 Online version at the Perseus Digital Library]. * [[Homer]], ''The Iliad with an English Translation by A.T. Murray, PhD in two volumes''. Cambridge, MA., Harvard University Press; London, William Heinemann, Ltd. 1924. [https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0134%3Abook%3D1%3Acard%3D1 Online version at the Perseus Digital Library]. * [[Homer]]; ''The Odyssey with an English Translation by A.T. Murray, PH.D. in two volumes''. Cambridge, MA., Harvard University Press; London, William Heinemann, Ltd. 1919. [https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0136%3Abook%3D1%3Acard%3D1 Online version at the Perseus Digital Library]. * {{cite book | title = The Gods of the Greeks | date = 1951 | publisher = Thames and Hudson | location = [[London]], UK | author-link = Károly Kerényi | first = Karl | last = Kerenyi | url = https://archive.org/details/in.gov.ignca.7346/mode/2up?view=theater}} * {{cite book | last = Kunze | first = Max | title = [[Lexicon Iconographicum Mythologiae Classicae|Lexicon Iconographicum Mythologiae Classicae (LIMC)]] | volume = VII.1. | publisher = Artemis Verlag | location = Zürich and Munich | date = 1994 | isbn = 3-7608-8751-1}} * {{cite book | first1 = Henry George | last1 = Liddell | first2 = Robert | last2 = Scott | title = [[A Greek-English Lexicon]], revised and augmented throughout by Sir Henry Stuart Jones with the assistance of Roderick McKenzie | location = Oxford | publisher = [[Clarendon Press]] | date = 1940 | author1-link = Henry Liddell | author2-link = Robert Scott (philologist)}} [https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057 Online version at Perseus.tufts project.] * [[Lucian]], ''The Works of Lucian of Samosata'', translated by H. W. Fowler and F. G. Fowler, Oxford: [[The Clarendon Press]], 1905. * {{cite book | title = Reading Homer's Odyssey | first = Kostas | last = Myrsiades | publisher = [[Bucknell University Press]] | date = April 5, 2019 | isbn = 9781684481361 | location = Pennsylvania, USA | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=Z2bcDwAAQBAJ}} * [[Nonnus]], ''[[Dionysiaca]]''; translated by [[W. H. D. Rouse|Rouse, W H D]], III Books XXXVI-XLVIII. [[Loeb Classical Library]] No. 346, Cambridge, Massachusetts, Harvard University Press; London, William Heinemann Ltd. 1940. [https://archive.org/stream/dionysiaca03nonnuoft#page/n5/mode/2up Internet Archive]. * [[Ovid]], ''[[Metamorphoses]]'', translated by Arthur Golding. London. W. Seres. 1567. [https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.02.0074%3Abook%3D1%3Acard%3D1 Online text at Perseus.tufts project]. * [[Quintus Smyrnaeus]], ''Quintus Smyrnaeus: The Fall of Troy'', translated by A.S. Way, Cambridge, Massachusetts, [[Harvard University Press]], 1913. [https://archive.org/stream/falloftroy00quin#page/n5/mode/2up Internet Archive]. {{refend}} == External links == {{commons category|Notus}} * [https://www.theoi.com/Titan/AnemosNotos.html NOTUS from the Theoi Project] {{Greek religion}} {{Greek mythology (deities)}} {{Authority control}} [[Category:Greek gods]] [[Category:Anemoi]] [[Category:Sky and weather gods]] [[Category:Children of Eos]] [[Category:Avian humanoids]] [[Category:Deities in the Iliad]] [[Category:Characters in the Odyssey]] [[Category:Metamorphoses characters]] [[Category:Thunder gods]] [[Category:Horse deities]] [[Category:Personifications in Greek mythology]] [[Category:Summer deities]] [[Category:Wind gods]]
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