Editing Nova Friburgo

{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2023}}
{{Infobox settlement
| official_name      = Municipality of Nova Friburgo
| name               = Nova Friburgo
| settlement_type    = [[Municipalities of Brazil|Municipality]]
| image_shield       = Brasão de Nova Friburgo - RJ.svg
| image_flag         = Bandeira de Nova Friburgo - RJ.svg
| image_skyline      = {{multiple image|total_width=300px|perrow=2/2/2|border=infobox
| image1                  = Vista de Nova Friburgo RJ a partir do teleférico do Suspiro.JPG
| image2                  = Estatua de Alberto Braune em 2024.jpg
| image3                  = LUMIAR - panoramio (1).jpg
| image4                  = Colégio Anchieta em Nova Friburgo 02.jpg
| image5                  = Igreja Matriz de Nova Friburgo (9226970952).jpg
| image6                  = NOVA FRIBURGO P 20160409 095515 1 p.jpg
| image7                  = Pedra Riscada - panoramio (18).jpg
}}
| image_caption      = 
| image_map          = RiodeJaneiro Municip NovaFriburgo.svg
| map_caption        = Location in Rio de Janeiro state
| pushpin_map        = Brazil
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Brazil
| coordinates        = {{coord|22|16|55|s|42|31|52|W|region:BR|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type   = [[List of sovereign states|Country]]
| subdivision_name   = {{flag|Brazil}}
| subdivision_type1  = [[Regions of Brazil|Region]]
| subdivision_name1  = [[Southeast Region, Brazil|Southeast]]
| subdivision_type2  = [[States of Brazil|State]]
| subdivision_name2  = {{flag|Rio de Janeiro}}
| subdivision_type3  = [[Mesoregions of Brazil|Mesoregion]]
| subdivision_name3  = 
| subdivision_type4  = [[Microregion (Brazil)|Microregion]]
| subdivision_name4  = 
| subdivision_type5  = [[Metropolitan area#Brazil|Metrop. region]]
| subdivision_name5  = 
| established_title  = 
| established_date   = 
| leader_party       = [[Republicans (Brazil)|Republicanos]]
| leader_title       = [[Mayor]]
| leader_name        = Johnny Maycon
| elevation_m        = 
| area_footnotes     = 
| area_total_km2     = 933
| area_metro_km2     = 
| population_footnotes = 
| population_total   = 189,939
| population_as_of   = 2022<ref>[https://cidades.ibge.gov.br/brasil/rj/nova-friburgo/panorama IBGE 2022]</ref>
| population_metro   = 
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym = 
| timezone1          = [[Time in Brazil|BRT]]
| utc_offset1        = &minus;3
| timezone1_DST      = 
| utc_offset1_DST    = 
| postal_code_type   = [[List of postal codes in Brazil|Postal code]]
| postal_code        = 
| area_code_type     = [[List of dialling codes in Brazil|Area code]]
| area_code          = 
| blank_name         = '''[[Human Development Index|HDI]]''' (2010)
| blank_info         = 0.745  – <span style="color:#090">high</span><ref>{{Cite web |title=Archived copy |url=http://www.pnud.org.br/arquivos/ranking-idhm-2010.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140708233352/http://www.pnud.org.br/arquivos/ranking-idhm-2010.pdf |archive-date=July 8, 2014 |access-date=August 1, 2013 |publisher=[[United Nations Development Programme]] (UNDP)
}}</ref>
| website            = 
}}
'''Nova Friburgo''' ({{IPA|pt-BR|ˈnɔvɐ fɾiˈbuʁɡu|lang}}; {{langx|de|Neufreiburg}} {{IPA|de|nɔʏˈfʁaɪbʊʁk|}}; {{langx|en|"New [[Fribourg]]"}}), commonly referred to as just '''Friburgo''', is a [[List of municipalities in Rio de Janeiro|municipality]] in the state of [[Rio de Janeiro (state)|Rio de Janeiro]] in southeastern [[Brazil]]. It is located in the mountainous region, in the Center Mesoregion of the state, {{convert|136|km|mi|abbr=on}} from the capital [[Rio de Janeiro (city)|Rio de Janeiro]]. The town is {{convert|846|m|ft|abbr=on}} above sea level, with a population of 191,158 (2020) and its area is 933&nbsp;km<sup>2</sup>.<ref>[[Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics|IBGE]] - [http://cod.ibge.gov.br/8XP]</ref>

The main economic activities are the [[undergarment]] industry, [[olericulture]], [[goat]] raising, various industries (textile, clothing, metallurgy) and tourism. It is also the coldest city of the state.

== History ==
[[File:colonizacaonf.jpg|thumb|left|Nova Friburgo during Swiss and German settlement, 1820–1830.]]
[[File:Nova friburgo nov 1940.jpg|thumb|Nova Friburgo in 1940]]
[[File:Nova Friburgo (RJ) - 2.tif|thumb|Nova Friburgo in 1964]]
Up to the 19th century, the region of the present Nova Friburgo was inhabited by Coroado [[Purí people|Purí]] [[Indigenous peoples in Brazil|Indians]].<ref>''Os índios de Sumidouro''. Available in http://sumidouro.chez.com/indios.htm. Access on 9 September 2012.</ref><ref>''Nova Friburgo entra para a história''. Available in http://www.swissinfo.ch/por/specials/Suicos_do_estrangeiro/Nova_Friburgo_entra_para_a_historia.html?cid=875208. Access on 9 September 2012.</ref> In 1818, King [[John VI of Portugal|John VI]] was interested in improving the relationship with Germany, in order to obtain support against the French empire. He then proposed a planned settlement that would promote the civilization in Brazil. A royal decree of May 1818, authorized the [[Canton of Fribourg]] of [[Switzerland]],<ref>{{Cite web|date=2019-04-16|title=Schweizer Auswanderer und ihre Liebe zur Heimat|url=https://blog.nationalmuseum.ch/2019/04/schweizer-auswanderer/|access-date=2022-02-22|website=Blog zur Schweizer Geschichte - Schweizerisches Nationalmuseum|language=de-DE}}</ref> to establish a colony of 100 Swiss families in the Morro Queimado Farm, in [[Cantagalo, Rio de Janeiro|Cantagalo]] District, a place with climate and natural characteristics similar to those in their country. 

Between 1819 and 1820, the region was settled by 265 Swiss families, in total 1,458 immigrants. It was named Nova Friburgo (New Fribourg) by the Swiss after the homeland of most of the families.

Following the [[Independence of Brazil]] in 1822, the Imperial Government continued the policy of populating the nation by attracting [[Europe]]an [[colonization]]. Eighty [[German Brazilian|German]] families previously assigned to settlements in the Province of [[Bahia]], for unknown reasons ended up in Nova Friburgo, where they arrived on the 3 and 4 May 1824.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.luteranos.com.br/201/historico.html|url-status=unfit|access-date=2023-09-25|title=Histórico: Comunidade Luterana de Nova Friburgo|lang=pt-br|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20030910211539/http://www.luteranos.com.br/201/historico.html|archive-date=10 Sep 2003}}</ref> Similar arrivals of [[Italian Brazilian|Italians]], [[Portuguese Brazilian|Portuguese]] and a minority of [[Syrian Brazilian|Syrians]] led to such population increases that the once village was elevated to city status on 8 January 1890.

In 1872, the Baron of Nova Friburgo brought to the region the Leopoldina Railroad, to allow for the flow of the coffee from Cantagalo. Agriculture was the basis of economic activity until 1910, when the arrival of industrialists pioneered the development of an industrial sector still thriving to the present day. Of similar importance was the relative proximity to [[Niterói]] and [[Rio de Janeiro]] and the improvement of transport and communication links such as paved roads and telegraph. This encouraged a small tourist industry to grow, which, together with local commerce, became the main source of income for the city.

Nova Friburgo was affected by the [[2011 Brazilian floods]] on 11 January with [[mudslide]]s causing at least 820 deaths and more than 200 people to go missing in the biggest natural disaster in the history of Brazil. The population was left with no water, electricity, food or gas.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-latin-america-12171710|title=Death toll mounts from flooding in Rio de Janeiro state|date=12 January 2011|work=[[BBC News]]|publisher=[[BBC]]|access-date=13 January 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url= https://www.theguardian.com/world/2011/jan/13/brazil-landslides-death-toll-rises1|title= Brazil Landslides Death Toll Rises|author= Tom Phillips|newspaper= [[The Guardian]]|date= 14 January 2011|access-date= 14 January 2011}}</ref>

== Geography ==
=== Climate ===
[[File:CasaDestruidaFriburgo2011.jpg|thumb|right|Nova Friburgo during the [[January 2011 Rio de Janeiro floods and mudslides]], which killed at least 214 people in the municipality and at least 610 in total.]]
Nova Friburgo has a [[subtropical highland climate]] ([[Köppen classification|Köppen climate classification]] Cwb), with fresh and dry winters and humid and mild summers. Annual average temperature is {{convert|19|C|F}}. The hottest temperature ever recorded was {{convert|37.3|C|F}} on 15 October 1948, and the coldest temperature ever recorded was {{convert|-1.1|C|F}} on 8 August 2014.<ref>{{Cite web | url=http://g1.globo.com/rj/regiao-serrana/noticia/2014/08/inverno-em-nova-friburgo-rj-e-o-mais-rigoroso-em-quatro-anos.html |title = Friburgo, RJ, registra a temperatura mais baixa dos últimos quatro anos|date = 2014-08-08}}</ref>
<ref>{{Cite web | url=https://www.portalmultiplix.com/noticias/saiba-quais-foram-as-maiores-temperaturas-ja-registradas-em-friburgo-e-teresopolis | title=Saiba quais foram as maiores temperaturas já registradas em Friburgo e Teresópolis}}</ref>

{{Weather box|width=auto
|metric first=y
|single line=y 
|collapsed = Y
|location = Nova Friburgo  (1981–2010)
|Jan high C = 	27.9
|Feb high C = 	28.5
|Mar high C = 	27.0
|Apr high C = 	26.1
|May high C = 	23.7
|Jun high C = 	22.5
|Jul high C = 	22.2
|Aug high C = 	23.2
|Sep high C = 	23.5
|Oct high C = 	25.0
|Nov high C = 	25.8
|Dec high C = 	26.2
| year high C = 	25.1
|Jan low C = 	17.8
|Feb low C = 	17.7
|Mar low C = 	17.5
|Apr low C = 	16.1
|May low C = 	13.0
|Jun low C = 	10.6
|Jul low C = 	9.9
|Aug low C = 	10.8
|Sep low C = 	12.9
|Oct low C = 	14.9
|Nov low C = 	16.2
|Dec low C = 	17.0
| year low C = 	14.5
|precipitation colour = green
|Jan precipitation mm = 232.1
|Feb precipitation mm = 165.2
|Mar precipitation mm = 154.6
|Apr precipitation mm = 61.4
|May precipitation mm = 39.8
|Jun precipitation mm = 32.3
|Jul precipitation mm = 24.7
|Aug precipitation mm = 23.7
|Sep precipitation mm = 52.4
|Oct precipitation mm = 86.3
|Nov precipitation mm = 186.1
|Dec precipitation mm = 221.2
|year precipitation mm = 
 | unit precipitation days = 1.0 mm
| Jan precipitation days = 14
| Feb precipitation days = 11
| Mar precipitation days = 11
| Apr precipitation days = 7
| May precipitation days = 5
| Jun precipitation days = 5
| Jul precipitation days = 4
| Aug precipitation days = 3
| Sep precipitation days = 5
| Oct precipitation days = 9
| Nov precipitation days = 12
| Dec precipitation days = 14
| year precipitation days =
| Jan humidity = 77
| Feb humidity = 78
| Mar humidity = 78
| Apr humidity = 82
| May humidity = 82
| Jun humidity = 83
| Jul humidity = 83
| Aug humidity = 81
| Sep humidity = 80
| Oct humidity = 81
| Nov humidity = 80
| Dec humidity = 80
| year humidity =
|Jan sun = 153.2
|Feb sun = 136.6
|Mar sun = 157.3
|Apr sun = 133.2
|May sun = 158.7
|Jun sun = 132.0
|Jul sun = 149.1
|Aug sun = 166.1
|Sep sun = 139.4
|Oct sun = 97.3
|Nov sun = 109.2
|Dec sun = 143.5
|year sun = 
|source 1 = Instituto Nacional de Meteorologia (precipitation, humidity and sun 1961–1990)<ref name=INMET>{{cite web
| url = http://www.inmet.gov.br/portal/index.php?r=clima/normaisclimatologicas
| title = Normais Climatológicas Do Brasil 1981–2010
| publisher = Instituto Nacional de Meteorologia
| language = Portuguese
| accessdate = 28 May 2024}}</ref><ref name="Rainfall_INMET">{{cite web|url=http://www.inmet.gov.br/webcdp/climatologia/normais/imagens/normais/planilhas/Precipitacao-Acumulada_NCB_1961-1990.xls|title=Precipitação Acumulada Mensal e Anual (mm)|date=1961–1990|language=pt|publisher=Brazilian National Institute of Meteorology|access-date=28 May 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140808060527/http://www.inmet.gov.br/webcdp/climatologia//normais//imagens//normais//planilhas/Precipitacao-Acumulada_NCB_1961-1990.xls|archive-date=August 8, 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="RainyDays_INMET">{{cite web|url=http://www.inmet.gov.br/webcdp/climatologia/normais/imagens/normais/planilhas/Numero-Dias-Precipitacao-Mayor-ou-Igual-1mm_NCB_1961-1990.xls|title=Número de Dias com Precipitação Mayor ou Igual a 1 mm (dias)|publisher=Brazilian National Institute of Meteorology|access-date=28 May 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140827173708/http://www.inmet.gov.br/webcdp/climatologia/normais/imagens/normais/planilhas/Numero-Dias-Precipitacao-Maior-ou-Igual-1mm_NCB_1961-1990.xls|archive-date=August 27, 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="Sunshine_INMET">{{cite web|url=http://www.inmet.gov.br/webcdp/climatologia/normais/imagens/normais/planilhas/Insolacao-Total_NCB_1961-1990.xls|title=Insolação Total (horas)|publisher=Brazilian National Institute of Meteorology|access-date=28 May 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140808060530/http://www.inmet.gov.br/webcdp/climatologia//normais//imagens//normais//planilhas/Insolacao-Total_NCB_1961-1990.xls|archive-date=August 8, 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="Humidity_INMET">{{cite web|url=http://www.inmet.gov.br/webcdp/climatologia/normais/imagens/normais/planilhas/Umidade-Relativa-Mensal-Media-Compensada_NCB_1961-1990.xls|title=Umidade Relativa do Ar Média Compensada (%)|publisher=Brazilian National Institute of Meteorology|access-date=28 May 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140808060524/http://www.inmet.gov.br/webcdp/climatologia//normais//imagens//normais//planilhas/Umidade-Relativa-Mensal-Media-Compensada_NCB_1961-1990.xls|archive-date=August 8, 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="RecordHighC_INMET">{{cite web|url=http://www.inmet.gov.br/webcdp/climatologia/normais/imagens/normais/planilhas/Temperatura-Maxima-Absoluta-NCB_1961-1990.xls |title=Temperatura Máxima Absoluta (°C) |publisher=Brazilian National Institute of Meteorology (Inmet) |access-date=August 23, 2014}}{{dead link|date=July 2019|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref><ref name="RecordLowC_INMET">{{cite web|url=http://www.inmet.gov.br/webcdp/climatologia/normais/imagens/normais/planilhas/Temperatura-Minima-Absoluta-NCB_1961-1990.xls |title=Temperatura Mínima Absoluta (°C) |publisher=Brazilian National Institute of Meteorology (Inmet) |access-date=August 23, 2014}}{{dead link|date=July 2019|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref>
}}

== Economy ==
[[File:Avenida Alberto Braune.jpg|thumb|right|Avenue Alberto Braune, in the center of Nova Friburgo]]
The city has a strong drive towards tourism due to the landscape, rivers, trails and bucolic spots. It has the second largest network of hotels of the state, after the capital Rio de Janeiro. The urban district is visited for its cold climate, the tranquility and romanticism. However, there are also attractions more distant to the center, which are appreciated by those who are interested in [[ecotourism]] and adventure sports like [[rafting]] and [[canoeing]]. The district of Lumiar is one of the most important sites for these sports in the state.

Nova Friburgo is known as the national capital of the undergarment industry, due to the vast production and variety of models, and the local brands begin to compete in the international market. Other major industries include textile mills and metallurgic industries.

Agriculture is important in the area of olericulture and goat raising, as well as in the production of flowers, of which the municipality is the second largest producer in the country, surmounted only by [[Holambra]], in the state of [[São Paulo (state)|São Paulo]].

The municipality contains part of the [[Central Rio de Janeiro Atlantic Forest Mosaic]] of conservation units, created in 2006.<ref>{{citation |language=pt |page=13 |last1=Costa |last2=Lamas |last3=Fernandes |first1=Cláudia |first2=Ivana |first3=Rosan |publisher=Reserva da Biosfera da Mata Atlântica |title=Planejamento Estratégico do Mosaico Central Fluminense |date=December 2010 |url=http://www.icmbio.gov.br/portal/images/stories/mosaicos/planejamento-central-fluminense.pdf |access-date=2016-10-02 |archive-date=2016-10-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161007121019/http://www.icmbio.gov.br/portal/images/stories/mosaicos/planejamento-central-fluminense.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref>
It contains {{convert|33992|ha}} of the {{convert|35038|ha}} [[Macaé de Cima Environmental Protection Area]], created in 2001.<ref>{{citation|language=pt|location=Rio de Janeiro|year=2014|page=20
 |author=Luiz Dias da Mota Lima |title=Plano de Manejo da Área de Proteção Ambiental Estadual Macaé de Cima|volume=1 - Informações Gerais sobre a UC
 |url=http://www.inea.rj.gov.br/cs/groups/public/documents/document/zwew/mdgz/~edisp/inea0083753.pdf|access-date=2016-10-11}}</ref>

== Tourism ==
[[File:Pico Maior.JPG|thumb|''Pico Maior de Friburgo'', The highest point of [[Serra do Mar]] – {{convert|2,316|m|ft|abbr=on}}.]]
[[File:Visual do Caminho Para Parque dos Os tres Picos.jpg|thumb|Três Picos State Park]]
The main attractions of the city are:

* Alpine-style architecture of the buildings of MuryShopping, the Bucsky and Garlipp hotels and the restaurant Bräun & Bräun
* "Casa Suiça" (the Swiss House)
* Cheese-making school FRIALP
* District of Lumiar
* District of São Pedro da Serra
* Encontro dos Rios (merging of rivers Macaé and Bonito)
* Gastronomic center, in the district of Mury
* Getulio Vargas Square
* Marcilio Dias Square, which marks the beginning of the settlement, for it is the area where the first Germans camped, coming from Europe
* Nova Friburgo Country Club
* Park of Furnas do Catete, with the Cão Sentado (Sitting Dog) Stone
* Pedra Riscada (scratched stone)
* Saint John Baptist Cathedral
* Suspiro Square, with the biggest [[chairlift]] of the country
* The municipality contains 19% of the {{convert|46350|ha}} [[Três Picos State Park]], created in 2002.<ref>{{citation|ref={{harvid|PES dos Três Picos – ISA}}|language=pt
 |title=PES dos Três Picos|publisher=ISA: Instituto Socioambiental
 |url=https://uc.socioambiental.org/uc/597436|access-date=2016-10-03}}</ref>

==Demographics==
* Population: 202,085
** Urban: 178,377
** Rural: 23,708
** Male: 97,253
** Female: 104,832

===Racial composition===
* White: 78.3%
* Pardo (multiracial): 13.9%
* Black: 7.0%
* Asian: 0.1%
* Indigenous: 0.1%
* 0.5% not reported

(Source: [[Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics|IBGE]])

===Ethnic groups===
Portuguese, Swiss, German, Italian, Austrian, Spanish, Lebanese, African, Hungarian, Japanese.

==Gallery==
<gallery mode="packed">
File:Nova friburgo av alberto braune 1940.jpg|Alberto Braune Avenue in 1940
File:Nova friburgo hotel gloria 1940.jpg|Gloria Hotel (right), 1940
File:Colégio Anchieta em Nova Friburgo.jpg|Side view of the school
File:Lumiar.jpeg|Lumiar district, outskirts of Nova Friburgo
File:Park Hotel 18.jpg|Park Hotel
File:Parque Dos Tres Picos.jpg|[[Três Picos State Park]]
File:UERJ em Nova Friburgo.jpg|Campus of [[Rio de Janeiro State University]] in Nova Friburgo
File:Circuito Terê-Fri - RJ - panoramio.jpg|Countryside
File:Estrada entre fazendas.JPG|Horses in a bucolic scene in the rural region of the municipality
File:Caminho pros Três Picos.jpg|Vale dos Frades (Frades Valley)
File:Vista da cidade de Nova Friburgo de cima do Pico da Caledônia.jpg|View of Nova Friburgo from Caledônia peak
</gallery>

== Notable people ==
* [[Edson Barboza]], professional mixed martial artist and former Muay Thai kickboxer
* [[Saudade Braga]], first female mayor of the municipality
* [[Jhennifer Conceição]], swimmer
* [[Rafael Galhardo]], football player
* [[Marlon Moraes]], professional mixed martial artist
* [[Gustavo Nery]], football player
* [[Benito di Paula]], singer-songwriter and pianist

==Sister cities==
* {{flagicon|Switzerland}} [[Fribourg]], [[Switzerland]]

== External links ==
* {{Official website|http://www.pmnf.rj.gov.br/|City's official website}}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{Municipalities of Rio de Janeiro}}

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:German-Brazilian culture]]
[[Category:Municipalities in Rio de Janeiro (state)]]
[[Category:Swiss German language]]
[[Category:Swiss diaspora in Brazil]]