Editing Nyborg

{{other uses}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2020}}
{{Infobox settlement
| official_name = Nyborg
| settlement_type = City
| motto =
| image_skyline = Nyborg.JPG
| image_caption = Aerial view of Nyborg
| image_shield = Coat of arms of Nyborg.svg
| pushpin_map = Denmark#Denmark Region of Southern Denmark
| map_caption = Location in Denmark
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = [[Denmark]]
| subdivision_type1 = Region
| subdivision_name1 = [[Region of Southern Denmark|Southern Denmark]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[Municipalities of Denmark|Municipality]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Nyborg Municipality|Nyborg]]
| established_title = Founded
| established_date = Early 1200s
| leader_title =
| leader_name =
| area_urban_km2 = 11.3
| population_as_of = 2024
| population_footnotes =<ref name=pop>[https://m.statbank.dk/TableInfo/BY3?lang=en BY3: Population 1. January by urban areas, area and population density] The Mobile Statbank from [[Statistics Denmark]]</ref>
| population_urban = 17902
| population_density_urban_km2 = auto
| population_blank1_title      =
Gender <ref>[https://m.statbank.dk/TableInfo/BY1?lang=en BY1: Population 1. January by urban areas, age and sex] The Mobile Statbank from [[Statistics Denmark]]</ref>
| population_blank1       = 
8582 males and 9320 females
| population_demonym      = Nyborgenser
| postal_code_type        = [[Postal codes in Denmark|Postal code]]
| postal_code             = 5800
| coordinates = {{coord|55|18|44|N|10|47|23|E|region:DK|display=inline,title}}
| website = [http://www.nyborg.dk/ Nyborg.dk]
| footnotes =
}}

[[File:Nyborg Zentrum am Hafen Adelgade mit Vor Frue Kirke - Fyn Insel Fünen Dänemark - Foto Wolfgang Pehlemann P1280783.jpg|thumb|upright=1.5|Nyborg centre: Adelgade with Church of Our Lady <br /> (photo 2018)]]
'''Nyborg''' is a city in central [[Denmark]], located in [[Nyborg Municipality]] on the island of [[Funen]] and with a population of 17,902 (2024).<ref name="pop" /> It is the easternmost settlement on Funen. By road, it is located 34&nbsp;km east of [[Odense]], 35&nbsp;km north of [[Svendborg]] and 21&nbsp;km south of [[Kerteminde]]. It also connects to [[Korsør]] through the [[Great Belt Bridge]]. Nyborg is the seat of Nyborg Municipality, and until 1793 it was also the seat of Nyborg County.

The city was founded in the 1200s, built up around [[Nyborg Castle]]. The castle holds a central place in Nyborg geographically, historically and culturally.

== Etymology ==
Nyborg was first mentioned in 1193 as 'Nyburg', which translates to 'new castle' in Danish.<ref>[https://denstoredanske.lex.dk/Nyborg Denstoredanske.lex.dk] "Nyborg" Retrieved 1 August 2020</ref>

== History ==
Before Nyborg was founded, a fortification existed in the area under the name of [[Gammelborg]]. It was established in the 500s, and used throughout the Viking age until Nyborg was founded and took over its role.<ref>[http://www.historie-online.dk/arkiv/nyborg-afloeste-gammelborg Historie-online.dk] "Nyborg afløse Gammelborg" Retrieved 3 August 2020</ref>

Nyborg was first mentioned in 1193 in the history of Denmark as [[Nyborg Castle]], which still exists today, but the town itself was not mentioned before the year 1202. From its foundation and until 1413, Nyborg Castle was used by numerous kings as seat of the ''[[Danehof]]'' and other meetings, including [[Treaty of Nyborg (1386)|a meeting]] between [[Queen Margaret I]] and the [[Counts of Schauenburg and Holstein|Counts of Holstein]] in 1386. The first [[Constitution of Denmark]] was written on Nyborg Castle by [[Eric V of Denmark|Eric V]] in 1282. Being the seat of these meetings, Nyborg enjoyed a number of unique and special privileges, granted by the king. The first was granted by king [[Valdemar II]], who granted the town the status of a [[market town]] (Danish: ''Købstad'') shortly after the town was founded. Merchants from neighboring [[Hundred (county division)|hundreds]] had to come to Nyborg to sell their wares, boosting the economy and traffic in the town. In 1446, a large number of additional privileges were added, including the outlawing of harbours between the market towns on eastern Funen. Nyborg was also given permission to host a yearly market, and artisans from [[Vindinge Hundred]] were told to move to the market towns, boosting the population and economy of Nyborg once more. With the king visiting regularly, due to Nyborg's central location and the castle being the seat of the Danehof, Nyborg was given many additional privileges over the years.<ref>[http://ddb.byhistorie.dk/privilegier/by.asp?koebstadID=32 Ddb.byhistorie.dk] "Nyborg" Retrieved 1 August 2020</ref>

In 1525 [[Frederick I of Denmark|Frederick I]] declared Nyborg as the king's residency, and until the 1560s it acted as the capital of Denmark. During this time, [[Christian III of Denmark|Christian III]] expanded Nyborg Castle and city. Much of the castle was rebuilt and a tournament ground was built in front of the castle.<ref>[https://www.visitnyborg.dk/nyborg/oplev-nyborg/nyborgs-historie Visitnyborg.dk] "Nyborgs historie" Retrieved 1 August 2020</ref>

The city was captured by Swedish troops during the [[Dano-Swedish War (1658–1660)|Dano-Swedish War]], following the [[Battle of Nyborg]]. The Swedish troops sent all valuables home to Sweden and ruined much of Nyborg Castle. The city was retaken by an allied force of Danes, Brandenburgers, Polish mercenary cavalry and Dutchmen after a bombardment by a large Dutch naval fleet led by the famous Dutch Admiral Michiel DeRuyter, who was key in the negotiations and Swedes capitulation. The city was then looted by the allied forces with DeRuyter giving strict orders prohibiting Dutch forces (who made up a third of the allied army) not to participate. DuRuyter noted in his log that the Poles were allowed to take the captured Danish wives and daughters of Nyborg as part of the plundered booty, to his utter disgust – but there was nothing he could do to prevent it. Following the war, the king was no longer interested in living in the castle, and it was handed over to the military. Nyborg became an army garrison, with the castle then being used strictly for military purposes.<ref>[http://www.nyborgslot.dk/udforsk/nyborg-slots-historie/efter-kongerne/ Nyborgslot.dk] "Efter kongerne" Retrieved 18 April 2019</ref>

After the wars and several fires and livestock plagues, the 1700s were a low period in Nyborg's history, with the population growing poorer. Things turned around in the 1800s where Nyborg became and important link across the Great Belt, with steamboat ferries starting to sail between Nyborg and Korsør in 1828. Several large markets were also held yearly, and the trade and economy of the town began to grow again.<ref>[https://danmarkshistorien.dk/leksikon-og-kilder/vis/materiale/nyborg/ Danmarkshistorien.dk] "Nyborg" Retrieved 1 August 2020</ref>

In the [[Second World War]], Nyborg's garrison still existed. Denmark was allowed to keep their military after the [[Denmark in World War II|Nazi occupation]]. Nyborg Vandrehjem and Hotel Nyborg Strand housed Danish soldiers. On 29 August 1943 [[Operation Safari]] was carried out, with the intention of disarming the Danish military. Battles occurred between the Danish and German soldiers on both Nyborg Vandrehjem and Hotel Nyborg Strand. Two Danish soldiers were killed at Hotel Nyborg Strand: [[Cornet (rank)|Cornet]] K.B. Madsen and Captain C.L. Wesenberg. The captain was killed by a German soldier, who also killed himself at the same time by accidentally blowing up them both with a grenade. That German soldier was most likely the only German casualty of the battle.<ref>Larsen, John Maalø. "Oprør og Kamp i Nyborg 1943". Page 71.</ref> There was a single Danish casualty during the battle at Nyborg Vandrehjem: Recruit Ivan Jacobsen.<ref>Larsen, John Maalø. "Oprør og Kamp i Nyborg 1943". Page 88.</ref>

In 1977 market towns were dissolved, and Nyborg lost its title. Nyborg Municipality was established, with Nyborg being the seat of the new municipality. It was formed of the city and parish of Nyborg, as well as the two parish municipalities of Avnslev-Bovense and Vindinge. In the [[Municipalities of Denmark#Municipal Reform 2007|2007 municipal reform]], the three municipalities of Nyborg, [[Ørbæk Municipality|Ørbæk]] and [[Ullerslev Municipality|Ullerslev]] were merged to form the present Nyborg Municipality.

=== Historical populations ===
{{historical populations
|title=Historical&nbsp;population
|align = none
| cols = 2
|1672|1160
|1769|1637
|1787|1672
|1801|1866
|1834|2873
|1840|2891
|1845|3220
|1855|3565
|1860|3802
|1870|4812
|1880|5402
|1890|6049
|1901|7790
|1911|9056
|1921|10223
|1930|10446
|1940|9949
|1950|12135
|1960|13377
|1970|14270
|1981|15466
|1990|15240
|2000|15792
|2010|16539
|2015|16752
|2019|17175
|2020|17268
|2021|17415
|source = [https://www.bolius.dk/danmarkskort/indbyggertal/ Bolius.dk], [http://ddb.byhistorie.dk/koebstaeder/befolkning.aspx? Byhistorie.dk]
}}

=== Mayors ===

From 1850–1919 the mayors of Nyborg were chosen by the king. Since 1919 the mayor has been elected. Below are all Nyborg's mayors since 1850.

{| class="wikitable"
! #
!Mayor
!Party
!Term
|-
|colspan="4" style="text-align:center;" |'''As a market town'''
|-
|1 || Frederik Ludvig Bierfreund ||rowspan="7"| ||1850–1854
|-
|2 || Jørgen Christian Møller ||1854–1859
|-
|3 || Erik Sophus Becker ||1859–1880
|-
|4 || S. Christian E. Hall||1880–1893
|-
|5 || Christian Laur. Schou||1893–1899
|-
|6 || P.N.V. Buch||1899–1913
|-
|7 || Jørgen Nielsen||1913–1919
|-
|8 || Ludvig Hansen||rowspan="6"|[[Social Democrats (Denmark)|Social Democrats]]||1919–1935
|-
|9 || J.J. Bjerring||1935–1940
|-
|10 || Christian S. Andersen||1940–1946
|-
|11 || C.E. Bjerring||1946–1961
|-
|12 || Carl Pelck||1962–1965
|-
|13 || Børge Jensen||1965–1970
|-
|colspan="4" style="text-align:center;"|'''In the first [[Nyborg Municipality (1970–2006)|Nyborg Municipality]]'''
|-
|13 || Børge Jensen||rowspan="4"|Social Democrats||1970–1978
|-
|14 || Frederik Nørgaard||1978–1981
|-
|15 || Aage Koch||1981–1989
|-
|16 || Niels Verner Andersen||1990–2001
|-
|17 || [[Jørn Terndrup]]||[[Venstre (Denmark)|Venstre]]||2002–2006
|-
|colspan="4" style="text-align:center;" |'''In the current [[Nyborg Municipality]]'''
|-
|17 || Jørn Terndrup||Venstre||2007–2009
|-
|18 || [[Erik Skov Christensen]]||Social Democrats||2010–2013
|-
|19 || [[Kenneth Muhs]]||Venstre||2014–present
|}

== Nyborg Castle ==
{{Main|Nyborg Castle}}
Nyborg Castle is located near the center of Nyborg city, and is surrounded by fortifications, the 'castle lake' and a moat that run along the center of the city. The castle if first mentioned in 1193, when [[Canute VI of Denmark|Canute VI]] held a meeting in it. Before then, the king were housed in Hjulby, outside Nyborg, and the castle was established in that period. A [[Curtain wall (fortification)|curtain wall]] was built, and there has likely been several wooden buildings within the walls. In the first half of the 1200s, a building was constructed in two floors, much of which still remain today. The king likely held his meetings in the upper floor of this construction. During the 1300s and 1400s, the castle was improve upon, with a new floor and several new buildings. In 1282, [[Eric V of Denmark|Eric V]] completed the [[constitution of Denmark]] in Nyborg Castle. In 1287, Eric V's alleged murderers were sentenced on the castle. In the 1520s, [[Frederick I of Denmark|Frederick I]] planned to make Nyborg his official residence, but that never happened. Signs of his plans were obvious, however, with major projects on the castle planned.<ref>[http://www.nyborgslot.dk/udforsk/nyborg-slots-historie/middelalderen/ Nyborgslot.dk] "Middelalderen" Retrieved 18 April 2019</ref>

[[File:Nyborg Castle.jpg|thumb|Nyborg Castle.]]

After the Dano-Swedish War, where the castle was captured and later turned into an armory, the importance of the castle fell. The garrison was disestablished in 1913. The castle was turned into a museum, which it has been since then. In 2017, a large project to renovate and expand the museum was begun, with plans to finish in 2023.<ref>[http://www.nyborgslot.dk/udforsk/nyborg-slots-historie/restaurering/ Nyborgslot.dk] "Restaurering" Retrieved 18 April 2019</ref>

The fortifications, ramparts and moats surrounding Nyborg Castle stretch out along the center of the city. The moats appear as they did in the Middle Ages, with the same water regulation systems still in use. Three of the original bulwarks still exist, with the remaining having been torn down during city expansions. Two of those bulwarks are located around Nyborg Castle, and are known as ''the Queen's Bulwark (Danish: Dronningens Bastion)'' and ''the Crown Prince's Bulwark (Danish: Kronprinsens Bastion)''. Those are surrounded by the original ramparts, which today act as park areas. On the Queen's Bulwark is a water tower from 1899, built by Emil Swanenflügel. The water tower was protected in 1997. The third bulwark is called ''Prince Carl's Bulwark (Danish: Prins Carls Bastion)'', and is slightly smaller. It also acts as a park area.<ref>[http://www.nyborgslot.dk/planlaeg-besoeg/kalender/2017/nyborg-faestning-og-volde/ Nyborgslot.dk] "Nyborg Fæstning og Volde" Retrieved 21 April 2019</ref><ref>[http://www.nyborgfaestning.dk/8-vandt%C3%A5rnet.html Nyborgfaestning.dk] "Vandtårnet" Retrieved 21 April 2019</ref>

== Nyborg Church ==
Nyborg Church (also known as Church of Our Lady. Danish: ''Vor Frue Kirke'') is located in the center of Nyborg, and was built in 1375–1428. It was renovated in the 1970s and again in 2005.

[[File:FynNyborgVorFrueKirke01.JPG|thumb|Church of Our Lady in Nyborg.]]

The church has two organs, from 1973 by Poul-Gerhard Andersen and 1830 by P.U.F. Demant. The crucifix is the only piece of inventory from the church's opening in 1428. It is decorated with biblical depictions. [[Maja Lisa Engelhardt]] created the altar crucifix, of gilded bronze, in 2011. Maja Lisa Engelhardt also created a mosaic for the church in 2015. The largest of the church's chandeliers was donated in 1640 by the mayor's widow, Sidsel Knudsdatter. The other chandelier was donated by mayor Mads Lerke in 1589. The renaissance baptismal font was donated to the church in 1585 by mayor Peder Jensen Skriver. The other baptismal font is Romanesque style in granite, from 1100. Inside the church is a gate from 1649, built by [[Christian IV of Denmark|Christian IV's]] smith, Caspar Fincke. The pulpit is from 1653, made by Anders Mortensen in Odense. The pulpit's staircase is even older. The church has a set of wooden figures of [[John the Apostle]] and [[Jeremiah]]. Like the pulpit, they were also carved by Anders Mortensen. A candle globe, made by local artisan Flemming Knudsen, was added to the church in 2008.<ref>[http://nyborgkirke.dk/vor_frue_kirke.html Nyborgkirke.dk] "Vor Frue Kirke" Retrieved 20 April 2019</ref><ref>[http://www.danmarks-kirker.dk/fyens/nyborg/vorfruge_nyb_fyn.htm Danmarks-kirker.dk] "Vor Frue Kirke Nyborg" Retrieved 20 April 2019</ref>

The church's [[turret clock]], nicknamed "the Syrian tank" (Danish: ''Den syriske kampvogn'') was replaced by an electric movement in 1972. The original mechanical movement was built by Henrik Kyhl from Copenhagen, and initially created for [[Viborg Cathedral]], who couldn't afford it. It was instead bought by Nyborg Church. In 2002 it was donated to ''Post- og Telemuseet'' in Copenhagen.<ref>[https://www.fyens.dk/nyborg/Tag-bare-det-gamle-kirkeur/artikel/215957 Fyens.dk] "Tag bare det gamle kirkeur" Retrieved 20 April 2019</ref>

==Transportation==
[[File:Nyborg-Station.jpg|thumb|[[Nyborg railway station]].]]
Nyborg is served by [[Nyborg railway station]] which is served by the passenger rail services between [[Copenhagen]] and [[Jutland]]. It is located on the [[Copenhagen–Fredericia/Taulov Line]] which connects the Danish capital, Copenhagen, and the [[Jutland]] peninsula by way of the islands of [[Zealand]] and [[Funen]].<ref name=DSBNyborgStation>{{cite web|url=https://www.dsb.dk/kundeservice/stationer/nyborg/|title=Nyborg Station|publisher=DSB|language=da|accessdate=23 January 2024}}</ref>

== Notable residents ==
=== Nobility ===
[[File:ChristianII of denmark.jpg|140px|thumb|Christian II of Denmark]]
*[[Christian II of Denmark]] (1481–1559), king of Denmark, [[Norway]] and [[Sweden]].
*[[Elizabeth of Denmark, Electress of Brandenburg|Elizabeth of Denmark]] (1502–1535), electress of [[Margraviate of Brandenburg|Brandenburg]]
*[[Christina of Denmark]] (1521–1590), princess and regent of [[Lorraine (duchy)|Lorraine]]
*[[Rigborg Brockenhuus]] (1579–1641), noblewoman
*[[Karl Johann von Königsmarck]] (1659–1686), Swedish count

=== Public thought and politics ===
*[[Johan Theodor Holmskjold]] (1731–1793), botanist
*[[Ole Berendt Suhr (1813–1875)|Ole Berendt Suhr]] (1813–1875), investor
*[[Thora Fiedler]] (1854–1941), nurse, prosthetist, inventor and nursing home principal
*[[Johannes Mollerup]] (1872–1937), mathematician
*[[Johannes Theodor Suhr]] (1896–1997), bishop
*[[Bodil Begtrup]] (1903–1987), [[women's rights]] activist
*[[Paul Neergaard]] (1907–1987), agronomist and agriculturist
*[[Jørn Terndrup]] (born 1947), politician
*[[Jens Lauritzen]] (born 1953), politician
*[[Erik Skov Christensen]] (born 1958), politician
*[[Henrik Lund-Nielsen]] (born 1965), entrepreneur

=== Art ===
*[[Carl Aarsleff]] (1852–1918), sculptor
*[[Sextus Miskow]] (1857–1928), singer
*[[Frederik Jensen]] (1863–1934), actor
*[[Johan Hye-Knudsen]] (1896–1975), musician
*[[Helge Kjærulff-Schmidt]] (1906–1982), actor
*[[Holger Juul Hansen]] (1924–2013), actor
*[[Erik Balling]] (1924–2005), film director
*[[Elsebeth Egholm]] (born 1960), author
*[[Signe Svendsen]] (born 1974), singer and participant of the [[Eurovision Song Contest 2001]]
*[[Søren Huss]] (born 1975), singer

=== Sport ===
*[[Hans Jørgensen (rower)|Hans Jørgensen]] (1889–1955), rower
*[[Ragnhild Hveger]] (1920–2011), swimmer
*[[Leif Printzlau]] (born 1948), football player
*[[Søren Skov]] (born 1954), football player
*[[Lars Lunde]] (born 1964), former football player
*[[Dorte Jensen]] (born 1972), sailor
*[[Kathrine Heindahl]] (born 1992), handball player
*[[Søren Toft Hansen]] (born 1992), badminton player
*[[Frederik Søgaard]] (born 1997), badminton player

== External links ==
* [http://www.nyborg.dk/ Nyborg municipality]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20051028164111/http://www.nyborg.dk/Nyborg/pegasus.nsf/all/E7972DE2B17DCE19C1256D8A0036CFCF?OpenDocument Nyborg Council]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20051028164015/http://www.nyborg.dk/nyborg/pegasus.nsf/all/D44D80FCA36511E0C1256D12004ACA85?OpenDocument History of Nyborg in Danish]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20050825055402/http://kommunesite.inforce.dk/sw855.asp Site for Østfyn municipality]
*[http://www.ostfynsmuseer.dk/ Østfyns Museer website]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{Nyborg Municipality}}
{{Funen}}
{{Municipal seats of Denmark}}

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Nyborg| ]]
[[Category:Municipal seats of the Region of Southern Denmark]]
[[Category:Cities and towns in the Region of Southern Denmark]]
[[Category:Populated places in Funen]]
[[Category:Nyborg Municipality]]
[[Category:Former national capitals]]