Editing Oak Street Connector

{{Short description|Highway in Connecticut, United States}}
{{Use American English|date=April 2025}}
{{More citations needed|date=March 2025}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=January 2025}}
{{Infobox road
 | state             = CT
 | name              = Oak Street Connector
 | established       = 1959
 | allocation        = SR 724 (unsigned) entire length
 | map               = 
 | map_notes         = 
 | length_mi         = 0.6
 | length_round      = 1
 | length_ref        = <ref name=googlemaps>{{google maps |url=https://www.google.com/maps/dir/41.3021216,-72.9286999/41.2997622,-72.9173388/@41.3009687,-72.9251893,17z/am=t/data=!4m2!4m1!3e0 |access-date=January 27, 2020}}</ref>
 | direction_a       = West
 | terminus_b        = {{Jct|state=CT|I|91|I|95}} in [[New Haven, Connecticut|New Haven]]
 | direction_b       = East
 | terminus_a        = MLK Boulevard / Orange Street in New Haven
 | counties          = [[New Haven County, Connecticut|New Haven]]
 | previous_type     = CT
 | previous_route    = 723
 | next_type         = CT
|next_route=725
}}

The '''Oak Street Connector''', officially known as the '''Richard C. Lee Highway''' (named after former New Haven mayor [[Richard C. Lee]]), is a {{convert|0.6|mi|km|adj=mid|-long}} [[controlled-access highway|freeway]] carrying '''State Road 724''' in [[downtown New Haven|downtown]] [[New Haven, Connecticut]], [[United States]]. The freeway begins at Orange Street and ends at the junction of [[Interstate 91]] (I-91) and [[Interstate 95 in Connecticut|Interstate 95]]. The road formerly carried [[Connecticut Route 34|Route 34]] until the early 2020s.<ref name="CT34">{{Cite web |date=December 31, 2023 |title=Town Road Maps |url=https://portal.ct.gov/dot/pp_sysinfo/town-road-maps?language=en_US |access-date=2024-09-07 |website=CT.gov |publisher=[[Connecticut Department of Transportation]] |page=092, City of New Haven |language=en}}</ref>

==History==
As originally planned in 1957, the Connector was supposed to extend as a full expressway extending {{convert|10|mi|km|spell=in}} westward from New Haven to a proposed interchange with [[Connecticut Route 8|Route 8]] in the vicinity of the towns of [[Derby, Connecticut|Derby]] or [[Shelton, Connecticut|Shelton]], depending on the alignment selected for construction. The current connector section was completed in 1959.

The entire project was conceived with a dual purpose: [[urban renewal]] and traffic flow. The first goal was to completely clear this area of New Haven's downtown. The highway replaced Oak Street (formerly Morocco Street) which had been a poor area since the days when leather workers congregated along West Creek. In the beginning of the twentieth century, the area became home to many Jewish and Irish immigrants. The freeway was also meant to bring cars into the city and facilitate the east&ndash;west flow of traffic between New Haven and its growing western suburbs. Due to its limited completion, only the first goal can be said to have been fully achieved. Other plans for the highway to be extended into a larger expressway from New Haven to [[Peekskill, New York]] were shelved in the mid-1970s, following successful [[freeway revolt|challenges by highway opponents]].

The right-of-way between South Frontage Road and Reverend Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. Boulevard (originally North Frontage Road)<ref>{{cite news |title=MLK Boulevard: It's Official |first=Thomas |last=MacMillan |url=http://www.newhavenindependent.org/index.php/archives/entry/mlk_boulevard_its_official/ |work=New Haven Independent |date=September 9, 2009 |accessdate=2011-07-23}}</ref> in New Haven to [[Connecticut Route 10|Route 10]] was preserved for a future extension of the connector past Route 10 to rejoin the existing Route 34 at a signalized intersection west of Route 122 in [[Orange, Connecticut|Orange]]. A small portion of the planned freeway extension that was built in Orange during the 1980s was used as a commuter parking lot for more than two decades, but now serves as part of an access road for the Yale-New Haven Health Regional Operations Center.

==Decommissioning==
During Connecticut's budget crisis of 2002, the State of Connecticut sold off land acquired for numerous planned expressways throughout the state, including land set aside for extending the Oak Street Connector.  [[Pfizer Pharmaceuticals]] purchased a portion of the Oak Street Connector right-of-way, and built a US$35 million research facility on it. The Pfizer deal ensured the Oak Street Connector could not be extended beyond its terminus at the Air Rights Parking Garage near [[Yale-New Haven Hospital]].

After the completion of the Pfizer research facility in 2005, New Haven Mayor [[John DeStefano, Jr.]] and several leaders of local civic groups began pushing the [[Connecticut Department of Transportation]] (ConnDOT) to study removing part of the existing Oak Street Connector (re-routing traffic onto Legion Avenue and M.L.K. Jr. Boulevard in the process) and replacing it with buildings and developments.

The project would remove the portion of the Oak Street Connector west of Orange Street, creating two large parcels of land divided by College Street on which buildings and developments could be built. Inbound traffic would be re-routed onto Martin Luther King Jr. Boulevard (aka North Frontage Road) while outbound traffic would be re-routed onto Legion Avenue (aka South Frontage Road). In addition, both roads would be rebuilt and widened to accommodate increased traffic, and furnished with landscaping and bicycle lanes. The road bed of the original highway would be reused as a driveway to and from the Air Rights Garage, allowing commuters to reach the Air Rights Garage while avoiding traffic on College and Church streets. The segment of the Oak Street Connector east of Orange Street was retained as a freeway stub connecting the new frontage streets with the I-91/I-95 interchange, which itself was also rebuilt from 2011 to 2016. The remaining stub includes the bridge that carries the Oak Street Connector over the New Haven Railyard.

The removal of part of this freeway stub would be part of a larger project called New Haven Downtown Crossing which seeks to reconnect New Haven's street grid which was originally disconnected by the construction of the connector.

ConnDOT and the City of New Haven began preparing the [[environmental impact statement]] for removing the Oak Street Connector in 2011, and in mid-2013 construction began on phase one of Downtown Crossing began which completed the aforementioned upgrades to Martin Luther King Jr. Boulevard, as well as construction of 100 College Street. The Oak Street Connector west of Orange Street officially closed to westbound traffic on July 14, 2014, with traffic re-routed onto the newly rebuilt Martin Luther King Jr. Boulevard. A portion of the old roadbed remains in use as a driveway to and from the Air Rights Garage. Eastbound traffic was officially rerouted to Legion Avenue in 2018.{{citation needed|date=January 2020}}

==Exit list==
{{jcttop|state=CT|unnum=yes|county=New Haven|location=New Haven|length_ref=<ref name=googlemaps/>}}
{{CTint
|mile=0.0
|road=MLK Boulevard / Orange Street
|notes=Western terminus; [[at-grade intersection]]
}}
{{CTint
|mile=0.1
|type=incomplete
|road={{jct|extra=hospital}} [[Yale New Haven Hospital]], Parking, 100 College Street
|notes=Westbound exit and eastbound entrance
}}
{{CTint
|mile=0.5
|mspan=2
|type=incomplete
|road={{jct|state=CT|I|95|dir1=south|location1=[[New York City]]}}
|notes=Eastbound exit and westbound entrance; exit 47 on I-95
}}
{{CTint
|mile=none
|type=incomplete
|road={{jct|state=CT|I|91|dir1=north|city1=Hartford}}
|notes=Eastbound exit and westbound entrance; southern terminus and exit 1B on I-91
}}
{{CTint
|mile=0.6
|road={{jct|state=CT|I|95|dir1=north|city1=New London}}
|notes=Eastern terminus
}}
{{jctbtm|keys=incomplete,unbuilt}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
{{Attached KML}}
{{Portal|Connecticut}}
* [http://sociology.ucsc.edu/whorulesamerica/power/new_haven.html The history of Urban Renewal that led to the connector]
* [http://www.nycroads.com/roads/CT-34 CT 34 Expressway on nycroads.com]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20110720075716/http://sociology.ucsc.edu/whorulesamerica/power/images/new_haven/Oak_Street_animated.gif Animated image of before and after connector construction, Internet Archive]
* [http://www.greaternyroads.info/roads/ctstate/ct34 CT 34 (Greater New York Roads)]
* [http://www.designnewhaven.com/2008/03/citys-future-framework-plan-for.html Link to current City of New Haven Downtown New Haven / Route 34 framework plan and discussion page]

[[Category:State highways in Connecticut]]
[[Category:Transportation in New Haven, Connecticut]]
[[Category:Freeways in the United States]]