Editing Office of Strategic Influence

{{About|the former U.S. Government department|the progressive metal band named after this organization|OSI (band)|their 2003 album|Office of Strategic Influence (album)}}

The '''Office of Strategic Influence''', or '''OSI''', was a department created by the [[United States Department of Defense]] on October 30, 2001, to support the [[War on Terrorism]] through [[psychological operations]] in targeted countries, which did not include the United States because the Pentagon is barred from PSYOPs in the U.S.<ref>Under law, the Pentagon operation can only work outside the United States. Sources said that it may involve targeting international media but not U.S. media outlets. [https://www.cnn.com/2002/US/02/19/gen.strategic.influence/index.html] </ref> However, BBC noted that "there is nothing to stop an [[News media in the United States|American newspaper]] picking up a story carried abroad" in cases of news stories that were "black propaganda" with deliberately "misleading" information planted by the Pentagon under OSI.<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/americas/1830500.stm  Pentagon plans propaganda war]</ref>

Although the closure of the office was announced by [[United States Secretary of Defense|Secretary of Defense]] [[Donald Rumsfeld]] soon after its existence became publicly known, later comments by Secretary Rumsfeld imply that the actual operations of the OSI have continued unabated.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.defenselink.mil/news/Nov2002/t11212002_t1118sd2.html|title = U.S. Department of Defense}}</ref><ref>Quoting Rumsfeld "If you want to savage this thing, fine: I'll give you the corpse. There's the name. You can have the name, but I'm gonna keep doing every single thing that needs to be done" Krakauer, Jon. Where Men Win Glory. Doubleday: New York, 2009. p.238</ref> Some sources say OSI was authorized to use "military deception" against the public by "presenting false information, images, or statements",<ref>Id. at 206.</ref> while other sources say "This type of action
was not in OSI's charter, and [this] charge was never substantiated."<ref>In a classic example of the internecine battles that have always plagued strategic influence, OSI was sabotaged internally within DoD and abolished by Secretary of Defense Donald Rumsfeld less than five months after its establishment. Someone in DoD leaked information to the press that OSI intended to plant false messages and misinformation in overseas media, news that would then be reported in the U.S. as factual. That type of action was not in OSI's charter, and the charge was never substantiated.  Nonetheless, Rumsfeld felt that the damage caused by the media controversy and exposure were too great to overcome, and he closed the office. [https://fas.org/irp/eprint/gough.pdf]</ref>

The OSI would have been a center for the creation of [[propaganda]] materials, but according to the leaked source, there were no plans<ref>Although "information deception," deliberately spreading false or misleading information, is a part of [[information warfare]] policy and doctrine, the Pentagon has no specific plans to undertake deceptive operations using the international news media, the official said. [https://www.cnn.com/2002/US/02/19/gen.strategic.influence/index.html] </ref> to mislead enemy forces or foreign civilian populations. After information on the office spread through US and foreign media in mid February 2002, intense discussions on purpose and scope of the office were reported. Some argue that its secretive nature and stated purposes would make the existence of such an agency hard to determine. The office was closed by Rumsfeld because of the controversy.<ref>The type of action was not in OSI's charter, and the charge was never substantiated. Nonetheless, Rumsfeld felt that the damage caused by the media controversy and exposure were too great to overcome, and he closed the office. [https://fas.org/irp/eprint/gough.pdf]</ref> Some of its foreign responsibilities were moved to the [[Office of Information Activities]].<ref>Glough, Susan L LTC. April 7, 2003. [https://fas.org/irp/eprint/gough.pdf "The Evolution of Strategic Influence"]. 'US Army War College'.</ref>

In March 2022, the US Department of Defense established the Influence and Perception Management Office (IPMO) with the purpose of countering misinformation and spreading pro-US propaganda. Another office called the Defense Military Deception Program Office which according to a US budget document is tasked with "sensitive messaging, deception, influence, and other operations in the information environment" was established in the same year.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Klippenstein |first=Ken |date=2023-05-17 |title=Inside the Pentagon's New "Perception Management" Office to Counter Disinformation |url=https://theintercept.com/2023/05/17/pentagon-perception-management-office/ |access-date=2024-08-23 |website=The Intercept |language=en-US}}</ref>

==Timeline==
*February 19, 2002: Major US news organizations report that the Department of Defense had set up the Office of Strategic Influence. These reports quote an unnamed official, who is discussing the advantages of and dangers in setting up such an office.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://archives.cnn.com/2002/US/02/19/gen.strategic.influence/ |title=CNN.com - New Pentagon office to spearhead information war - February 20, 2002 |accessdate=2010-02-13 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20091207052906/http://archives.cnn.com/2002/US/02/19/gen.strategic.influence/ |archivedate=2009-12-07 }}</ref>
*February 20, 2002: After discussions on the purpose of the Office in the US media, [[Douglas Feith]], Under Secretary of Defense for Policy, assures the public in an interview that Defense Department officials will not undermine the credibility of US institutions by lying to the public, and states that the exact mandate of the office is under review.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://fas.org/sgp/news/2002/02/dod022002c.html|title = Under Secretary Feith on Pentagon Office of Strategic Influence}}</ref>
*February 26, 2002: Rumsfeld announces the decision by Douglas Feith to close the Office of Strategic Influence.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.defense.gov/News/News-Stories/id/43904/|title = News Archive}}</ref>
*November 18, 2002: Rumsfeld states in a press briefing that the Office of Strategic Influence was closed down only in name, that the activities of the office still continue. Rumsfeld:

{{blockquote|And then there was the office of strategic influence. You may recall that. And 'oh my goodness gracious isn't that terrible, Henny Penny the sky is going to fall.' I went down that next day and said fine, if you want to savage this thing fine I'll give you the corpse. There's the name. You can have the name, but I'm gonna keep doing every single thing that needs to be done and I have.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.defense.gov/Transcripts/Transcript.aspx?TranscriptID=3296|archive-url=https://archive.today/20120803222645/http://www.defense.gov/Transcripts/Transcript.aspx?TranscriptID=3296|url-status=dead|archive-date=August 3, 2012|title = Transcript}}</ref>}}

*November–December 2005. It is disclosed that the US Army secretly paid some Iraqi journalists to publish upbeat stories about the US military operations.<ref name="KellerMitchell2006"/><ref name="ArquillaBorer2007"/> This is interpreted by some authors as Rumsfeld having kept his word.<ref name="KellerMitchell2006">{{cite book|author1=William Walton Keller|author2=Gordon R. Mitchell|title=Hitting First: Preventive Force in U.S. Security Strategy|year=2006|publisher=University of Pittsburgh Pre|isbn=978-0-8229-5936-6|page=246}}</ref> The Pentagon again announces that it would stop such practices.<ref name="ArquillaBorer2007">{{cite book|author=Hy S. Rothstein|title=Strategy and psychological operations|editor=John Arquilla and Douglas A. Borer|chapter=Information Strategy and Warfare: A Guide to Theory and Practice|year=2007|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-135-98415-1|pages=168}}</ref>

==See also==
*[[Office of Public Diplomacy]]
*[[Office of Special Plans]]
*[[Perception management]]
*[[Black ops]]
*[[Psychological Operations]], and the presence of Ft Bragg's 4th Psyops Gp at CNN and NPR{{clarify|date=May 2021}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/americas/1830500.stm BBC news story about the creation of the OSI]
*[https://www.usnews.com/usnews/news/articles/050425/25roots.b1.htm US News & World Report]

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[[Category:Defunct agencies of the United States government]]
[[Category:United States Department of Defense agencies]]
[[Category:United States government propaganda organizations]]
[[Category:2001 establishments in the United States]]
[[Category:Government agencies established in 2001]]
[[Category:2002 disestablishments in the United States]]
[[Category:Government agencies disestablished in 2002]]