Editing One-way voice link

{{Short description|Radio based communication method}}
{{One source|date=April 2025}}

A '''one-way voice link''' ('''OWVL''')<ref>{{cite web |title=The Strange World of "Numbers Stations" |url=https://www.soundandvision.com/content/strange-world-numbers-stations |website=soundandvision.com |access-date=15 April 2025 |language=en |date=9 October 2022}}</ref> is typically a radio based communication method used by [[spy]] networks to communicate with agents in the field typically (but not exclusively) using [[shortwave radio]] frequencies. 

Shortwave frequencies were and are generally highly preferred for their long range, as a communications link of 1200&nbsp;km is easily possible. [[VHF]] and [[UHF]] frequencies can be used for one-way voice circuits, but are generally not preferred as their range is at best 300&nbsp;km (on flat terrain). Since the 1970s infrared point-to-point communication systems have been used that offer OWVLs, but the number of users was always limited.  

This communications system often employs recorders to transmit pre-recorded messages in real time or in [[burst transmission]]s, which minimize the time that a spy needs to be on the air. Voice-scrambling systems have been selectively used for this kind of communications circuit since the 1980s, based on operational needs.

Since personal computers became cheap and readily available in the 2000s, time compressed voice scrambling for one-way and bi-directional circuits is a practically free technology. 

OWVLs have existed outside espionage, for example the [[NICAM]] transmission system was modified in the UK to allow for an OWVL to BBC mobile units. This OWVL was typically used for sports events, as it was highly flexible.

== Historical context ==
During the mid- to late [[Cold War]] the [[STASI]] (the East German intelligence agency) used point-to-point infrared technology for 2-way voice links within the divided city of Berlin. OWVLs were used intermittently.

OWVL transmission methods were used during the [[Falklands War]] by UK elite forces to provide information about suitable troop landing areas. This fact emerged in the late 1980s when UK veterans of the war were writing their memoirs. Argentina had access to similar technology to communicate with its military, but did not really use it during this conflict.

==See also==
*[[Numbers station]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{espionage}}
{{intelligence cycle management}}

[[Category:Espionage techniques]]


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