Editing Ononis

{{Short description|Genus of legumes}}
{{redirect|Passaea|the spurge genus, Passaea <small>Baill. 1858</small>|Bernardia}}
{{Automatic_taxobox
| image = Koeh-230.jpg
| image_caption = ''[[Ononis spinosa]]''
| taxon = Ononis
| authority = [[Carl Linnaeus|L.]] 1753
| subdivision_ranks = Species
| subdivision = See text
| synonyms =
* ''Anonis'' <small>(Tourn. ''ex'') Adans 1763</small>
* ''Bonaga'' <small>Medik. 1787</small>
* ''Bugranopsis'' <small>Pomel 1874</small>
* ''Natrix'' <small>Moench 1794</small>
* ''Passaea'' <small>Adans. 1763</small>
|synonyms_ref = <ref name="Mediterranean">{{cite book | last1 = Woodgate | first1 = Katherine | last2 = Maxted | first2 = Nigel | last3 = Bennett | first3 = Sarita Jane | editor1-first = Sarita Jane | editor1-last = Bennett | editor2-first = Philip Stanley | editor2-last = Cocks | title = Genetic resources of Mediterranean pasture and forage legumes | series = Current Plant Science and Biotechnology in Agriculture | volume = 33 | year = 1996 | publisher = Kluwer Academic Publishers | location = Norwell, MA | isbn = 0-7923-5522-9 | page = 205 }}</ref><ref name="Genera">{{cite web|url=http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/gnlist.pl?1558|access-date=2010-07-09|title=Genus Nomenclature in GRIN}}</ref>
}}

'''''Ononis''''' is a large [[genus]] of [[perennial plant|perennial]] [[herb]]s and shrubs from the [[legume]] family [[Fabaceae]]. The members of this genus are often called '''restharrows''' or '''wrestharrows'''<ref>{{cite book|last=Stockoe|first=W.J.|title=The Observer's Book of Wild Flowers|publisher=Frederick Warne & Co. Ltd.|edition=1965|page=78}}</ref> as some species grow as weeds on arable lands whose tough stems would stop the [[harrow (tool)|harrow]]. They are natively distributed in Europe.

In [[herbalism]] restharrow is used to treat bladder and kidney problems and water retention.

The [[active ingredient]]s in restharrow are [[essential oils]], [[flavonoid]]-[[glycosides]], and [[tannins]].

Restharrows are used as food plants by the [[larva]]e of some [[Lepidoptera]] species including the [[grey pug]] and ''[[Coleophora ononidella]]'' (which feeds exclusively on ''O. arvensis'').{{Citation needed|date=August 2010}}

== Species of ''Ononis'' ==
[[Image:Ononis arvensis.jpeg|thumb|right|225px|''O. arvensis'']]
[[Image:Ononis natrix0.jpg|thumb|right|225px|''Ononis natrix'', flowers and foliage]]
The genus ''Ononis'' includes the following accepted species:<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/splist.pl?8470|access-date=2010-08-04|title=Species Nomenclature in GRIN|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081014195326/http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/splist.pl?8470|archive-date=2008-10-14|url-status=dead}}</ref>

* ''[[Ononis adenotricha]]'' <small>Boiss.</small>
* ''[[Ononis alba]]'' <small>Poir.</small>
* ''[[Ononis alopecuroides]]'' <small>L.</small>, foxtail restharrow
* ''[[Ononis angustissima]]'' <small>Lam.</small>
* ''[[Ononis antiquorum]]'' <small>L.</small> 
* ''[[Ononis arvensis]]'' <small>L.</small>, field restharrow <!-- BiolConserv137:248. -->
* ''[[Ononis avellana]]'' <small>Pomel</small>
* ''[[Ononis baetica]]'' <small>Clemente</small>
* ''[[Ononis biflora]]'' <small>Desf.</small>
* ''[[Ononis cossoniana]]'' <small>Boiss. & Reut.</small>
* ''[[Ononis cristata]]'' <small>Mill.</small>
* ''[[Ononis euphrasiifolia]]'' <small>Desf.</small>
* ''[[Ononis fruticosa]]'' <small>L.</small>
* ''[[Ononis inermis]]'' <small>Pall.</small>
* ''[[Ononis mitissima]]'' <small>L.</small>
* ''[[Ononis natrix]]'' <small>L.</small>, large yellow restharrow
* ''[[Ononis ornithopodioides]]'' <small>L.</small>
* ''[[Ononis pubescens]]'' <small>L.</small>
* ''[[Ononis pusilla]]'' <small>L.</small>
* ''[[Ononis reclinata]]'' <small>L.</small>, small restharrow
* ''[[Ononis repens]]'' <small>L.</small>, common restharrow
* ''[[Ononis rotundifolia]]'' <small>L.</small>
* ''[[Ononis serrata]]'' <small>Forssk.</small>
* ''[[Ononis sicula]]'' <small>Guss.</small>
* ''[[Ononis speciosa]]'' <small>Lag.</small>
* ''[[Ononis spinosa]]'' <small>L.</small>, spiny restharrow
* ''[[Ononis subspicata]]'' <small>Lag.</small>
* ''[[Ononis tridentata]]'' <small>L.</small>
* ''[[Ononis vaginalis]]'' <small>Vahl</small>
* ''[[Ononis variegata]]'' <small>L.</small>
* ''[[Ononis viscosa]]'' <small>L.</small>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
{{Commonscat|Ononis|Ononis}}
*[http://www.armeniapedia.org/index.php?title=Ononis_arvensis  Medicinal uses of ''O. arvensis'' in Armenia]


{{Taxonbar|from=Q157354}}

[[Category:Ononis| ]]
[[Category:Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus]]
[[Category:Fabaceae genera]]


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