Open main menu
Home
Random
Recent changes
Special pages
Community portal
Preferences
About Wikipedia
Disclaimers
Incubator escapee wiki
Search
User menu
Talk
Dark mode
Contributions
Create account
Log in
Editing
Open back unrounded vowel
Warning:
You are not logged in. Your IP address will be publicly visible if you make any edits. If you
log in
or
create an account
, your edits will be attributed to your username, along with other benefits.
Anti-spam check. Do
not
fill this in!
{{Short description|Vowel sound represented by ⟨ɑ⟩ in IPA}} {{Infobox IPA |ipa symbol=ɑ |ipa number=305 |decimal=593 |x-sampa=A |kirshenbaum=A |imagefile=IPA Unicode 0x0251.svg |imagesize=150px |braille=ch }} {{IPA vowels|class=floatright}} The '''open back unrounded vowel''', or '''low back unrounded vowel''',<ref>{{Vowel terminology}}</ref> is a type of [[vowel]] sound, used in some [[Speech|spoken]] [[language]]s. The symbol in the [[International Phonetic Alphabet]] that represents this sound is {{angbr IPA|ɑ}}, and the equivalent [[X-SAMPA]] symbol is <code>A</code>. The letter {{angbr IPA|ɑ}} is called ''script a'' because it lacks the extra hook on top of a printed letter ''a'', which corresponds to a different vowel, the [[open front unrounded vowel]]. ''Script a'', which has a full length linear stroke on its right, should not be confused with ''turned script a'', {{IPA|ɒ}}, which has the linear stroke on its left and corresponds to a [[roundedness|rounded]] version of this vowel, the [[open back rounded vowel]]. In some languages (such as [[Azerbaijani language|Azerbaijani]], [[Estonian language|Estonian]], [[Luxembourgish language|Luxembourgish]] and [[Toda language|Toda]]){{sfnp|Mokari|Werner|2016|p=509}}{{sfnp|Asu|Teras|2009|p=368}}{{sfnp|Gilles|Trouvain|2013|p=70}}{{sfnp|Shalev|Ladefoged|Bhaskararao|1993|p=92}} there is the '''near-open back unrounded vowel''' (a sound between cardinal {{IPA|[ɑ]}} and {{IPAblink|ʌ}}), which can be transcribed in IPA with {{angbr IPA|ɑ̝}} or {{angbr IPA|ʌ̞}}. == Features == {{open vowel}} {{back vowel}} {{unrounded vowel}} ==Occurrence== {| class="wikitable" style="clear: both;" ! colspan="2" | Language !! Word !! [[International Phonetic Alphabet|IPA]]!! Meaning !! Notes |- | [[Afrikaans language|Afrikaans]] || Standard{{sfnp|Wissing|2016|loc=section "The unrounded low-central vowel {{IPA|/a/}}"}} || {{lang|af|[[Afrikaans alphabet|d'''aa'''r]]}} || {{IPA|[dɑːr]}} || 'there' || The quality varies between open near-back unrounded {{IPA|[ɑ̟ː]}}, open back unrounded {{IPA|[ɑː]}} and even open back rounded {{IPAblink|ɒː}}.{{sfnp|Wissing|2016|loc=section "The unrounded low-central vowel {{IPA|/a/}}"}} See [[Afrikaans phonology]] |- | colspan="2" |[[Äiwoo language|Äiwoo]] |{{Lang|nfl|k'''â'''nongä}} |{{IPA|[kɑnoŋæ]}} |'I want' | |- | rowspan="2" | [[Arabic language|Arabic]] || Standard{{sfnp|Thelwall|Sa'Adeddin|1990|p=39}} || {{lang|ar|[[Arabic alphabet|طويل]]|rtl=yes}} / ''ṭ'''a'''wīl''|| {{IPA|[tˤɑˈwiːl]}} || 'tall' || Allophone of long and short {{IPA|/a/}} near [[emphatic consonant]]s, depending on the speaker's accent. See [[Arabic phonology]] |- |[[Essaouira]]{{sfnp|Francisco|2019|p=74}} |{{Lang|ar|[[Arabic alphabet|قال]]}} / ''q'''ā'''l'' |{{IPA|[qɑːl]}} |'he said' |One of the possible realisations of {{IPA|/ā/}}.{{sfnp|Francisco|2019|p=74}} |- | [[Armenian language|Armenian]] || [[Eastern Armenian|Eastern]]{{sfnp|Thelwall|Sa'Adeddin|1990|p=39}} || {{lang|hy|[[Armenian alphabet|հ'''ա'''ց]]}} / ''h'''a'''cʿ''|| {{IPA|[hɑt͡sʰ]}} || 'bread' || |- | colspan="2" | [[Azerbaijani language|Azerbaijani]]{{sfnp|Mokari|Werner|2016|p=509}} || {{lang|az-Latn|[[Azerbaijani alphabet|q'''a'''rd'''a'''ş]]}} || {{IPA|[ɡɑ̝ɾˈd̪ɑ̝ʃ]}} || 'brother' || Near-open.{{sfnp|Mokari|Werner|2016|p=509}} |- | colspan="2" | [[Bashkir language|Bashkir]] | {{lang|ba-Cyrl|[[:wikt:ҡаҙ|ҡ'''а'''ҙ]]}} / {{lang|ba-Latn|q'''a'''đ}} | {{Audio-IPA|Ba-ҡаҙ.ogg|[qɑð]}} | 'goose' | |- | rowspan="4" | [[Catalan language|Catalan]] || Many dialects{{sfnp|Saborit|2009|p=10}} || {{lang|ca|[[Catalan alphabet|p'''a'''l]]}} || {{IPA|[ˈpɑɫ]}} || 'stick' || Allophone of {{IPA|/a/}} in contact with velar consonants.{{sfnp|Saborit|2009|p=10}} See [[Catalan phonology]] |- | Some dialects{{sfnp|Rafel|1999|p=14}}{{sfnp|Recasens|1996|pp=90–92}} || {{lang|ca|[[Catalan alphabet|m'''à''']]}} || {{IPA|[ˈmɑ]}} || 'hand' || More central ({{IPA|[ɑ̟]}}, {{IPAblink|ä}}) in other dialects; fully front {{IPAblink|a}} in Majorcan Catalan.{{sfnp|Recasens|1996|pp=90–92}} |- | Some [[Valencian language|Valencian]] and Majorcan speakers{{sfnp|Saborit|2009|p=10}} || {{lang|ca|[[Catalan alphabet|ll'''o'''c]]}} || {{IPA|[ˈʎ̟ɑk]}} || 'place' || Unrounded allophone of {{IPA|/ɔ/}} in some accents.{{sfnp|Saborit|2009|p=10}} Can be centralized. |- | Some southern [[Valencian language|Valencian]] speakers{{sfnp|Recasens|1996|pp=131–132}} || | {{lang|ca|[[Catalan alphabet|b'''o'''u]]}} || {{IPA|[ˈbɑw]}} || 'bull' || Pronunciation of the vowel {{IPA|/ɔ/}} before {{IPA|[w]}}.{{sfnp|Recasens|1996|pp=131–132}} Can be centralized. |- | [[Chinese language|Chinese]] || [[Standard Chinese|Mandarin]]{{sfnp|Mou|2006|p=65}} || {{lang|cmn-Hani|[[Chinese characters|棒]]}} / {{lang|cmn-Latn|[[Pinyin|b'''à'''ng]]}} || {{Audio-IPA|Zh-bàng.ogg|[pɑŋ˥˩]}} || 'stick' || Allophone of {{IPA|/a/}} before {{IPA|/ŋ/}}.{{sfnp|Mou|2006|p=65}} See [[Standard Chinese phonology]] |- | rowspan="7" | [[Dutch language|Dutch]] || Standard{{sfnp|Gussenhoven|1992|p=47}}{{sfnp|Verhoeven|2005|p=245}} || rowspan="3" | {{lang|nl|[[Dutch orthography|b'''a'''d]]}} || {{IPA|[bɑt]}} || rowspan="3" | 'bath' || Backness varies among dialects; in the Standard Northern accent it is fully back.{{sfnp|Collins|Mees|2003|p=131}}{{sfnp|Gussenhoven|1992|p=47}} In the Standard Belgian accent it is raised and fronted to {{IPA|[ɑ̝̈]}}.{{sfnp|Verhoeven|2005|p=245}} See [[Dutch phonology]] |- | [[Leiden]]{{sfnp|Collins|Mees|2003|p=131}} || rowspan="2" | {{IPA|[bɑ̝t]}} || rowspan="2" | Near-open fully back; can be rounded {{IPAblink|ɒ|ɒ̝}} instead.{{sfnp|Collins|Mees|2003|p=131}} See [[Dutch phonology]] |- | [[Rotterdam]]{{sfnp|Collins|Mees|2003|p=131}} |- | [[Amsterdam]]{{sfnp|Collins|Mees|2003|pp=78, 104, 133}} || rowspan="3" | {{lang|nl|[[Dutch orthography|'''aa'''p]]}} || rowspan="3" | {{IPA|[ɑːp]}} || rowspan="3" | 'monkey' || rowspan="3" | Corresponds to {{IPA|[{{IPAplink|aː}} ~ {{IPAplink|äː}}]}} in standard Dutch. |- | [[Antwerp]]{{sfnp|Collins|Mees|2003|pp=104, 133}} |- | [[Utrecht]]{{sfnp|Collins|Mees|2003|pp=104, 133}} |- | [[The Hague dialect|The Hague]]{{sfnp|Collins|Mees|2003|p=136}} || {{lang|nl|[[Dutch orthography|n'''auw''']]}} || {{IPA|[nɑː]}} || 'narrow' || Corresponds to {{IPA|[ʌu]}} in standard Dutch. |- | rowspan="8" | [[English language|English]] || [[Cardiff dialect|Cardiff]]{{sfnp|Collins|Mees|1990|p=95}} || rowspan=3 | [[English orthography|h'''o'''t]] || rowspan=2 | {{IPA|[hɑ̝̈t]}} || rowspan=3 | 'hot' || rowspan="2" | Somewhat raised and fronted.{{sfnp|Collins|Mees|1990|p=95}}{{sfnp|Lodge|2009|p=168}} |- | [[Norfolk dialect|Norfolk]]{{sfnp|Lodge|2009|p=168}} |- | [[General American]]{{sfnp|Mannell|Cox|Harrington|2009}} || {{IPA|[hɑt]}} || May be more front [{{IPA|ɑ̟}} ~ {{IPA link|ä}}], especially in accents without the [[cot-caught merger]].{{clarification needed|date=July 2024}} See [[English phonology]] |- | [[Cockney]]{{sfnp|Wells|1982|p=305}} || rowspan="4" | [[English orthography|p'''a'''lm]] || rowspan="2" | {{IPA|[pɑːm]}} || rowspan="4" | 'palm' || Fully back. It can be more front {{IPA|[ɑ̟ː]}} instead. |- | General [[South African English|South African]]{{sfnp|Lass|2002|p=117}} || Fully back. Broad varieties usually produce a rounded vowel [{{IPA link|ɒː}} ~ {{IPA link|ɔː}}] instead, while Cultivated SAE prefers a more front vowel {{IPA|[{{IPA|ɑ̟ː}} ~ {{IPAplink|äː}}]}}. See [[South African English phonology]] |- | Cultivated<br/>[[South African English|South African]]{{sfnp|Lass|2002|p=116-117}} || rowspan="2" | {{IPA|[pɑ̟ːm]}} || rowspan="2" | Typically [[Relative articulation#Advanced and retracted|more front]] than cardinal {{IPA|[ɑ]}}. It may be as front as {{IPAblink|äː}} in some Cultivated South African and southern English speakers. See [[English phonology]] and [[South African English phonology]] |- | [[Received Pronunciation]]{{sfnp|Roach|2004|p=242}} |- | [[Hiberno-English|Non-local Dublin]]<ref name="unidue">{{cite web|title=Glossary|url=https://www.uni-due.de/vcde/VCDE_Glossary.htm#GlossB|access-date=10 February 2015}}</ref> || [[English orthography|b'''a'''ck]] || {{IPA|[bɑq]}} || 'back' || Allophone of {{IPA|/a/}} before velars for some speakers.<ref name="unidue"/> |- | colspan="2" | [[Estonian language|Estonian]]{{sfnp|Asu|Teras|2009|p=368}} || {{lang|et|[[Estonian orthography|v'''a'''le]]}} || {{IPA|[ˈvɑ̝le̞ˑ]}} || 'lie' || Near-open.{{sfnp|Asu|Teras|2009|p=368}} See [[Estonian phonology]] |- | [[Faroese language|Faroese]] || Some dialects{{sfnp|Árnason|2011|pp=69, 79}} || {{lang|fo|[[Faroese orthography|v'''á'''tur]]}} || {{IPA|[ˈvɑːtʊɹ]}} || 'wet' || Corresponds to {{IPA|/ɔɑ/}} in standard language.{{sfnp|Árnason|2011|pp=69, 79}} See [[Faroese phonology]] |- | colspan="2" | [[Finnish language|Finnish]]{{sfnp|Suomi|Toivanen|Ylitalo|2008|p=21}} || {{lang|fi|[[Finnish alphabet|k'''a'''n'''a''']]}} || {{IPA|[ˈkɑ̝nɑ̝]}} || 'hen' || Near-open,{{sfnp|Suomi|Toivanen|Ylitalo|2008|p=21}} also described as open central {{IPAblink|ä}}.<ref>{{Harvcoltxt|Maddieson|1984}}, cited in {{Harvcoltxt|Suomi|Toivanen|Ylitalo|2008|p=21}}</ref> See [[Finnish phonology]] |- | rowspan="2" | [[French language|French]] || Conservative Parisian{{sfnp|Ashby|2011|p=100}}{{sfnp|Collins|Mees|2013|pp=225–227}} || {{lang|fr|[[French orthography|p'''a'''s]]}} || {{IPA|[pɑ]}} || 'not' || Contrasts with {{IPAslink|a}}, but many speakers have only one open vowel {{IPAblink|ä}}.{{sfnp|Collins|Mees|2013|pp=226–227}} See [[French phonology]] |- | [[Quebec French|Quebec]]{{sfnp|Walker|1984|p=53}} || {{lang|fr-x-quebec|[[French orthography|p'''â'''te]]}} || {{Audio-IPA|LL-Q150 (fra)-Simon Villeneuve-pâte.wav|[pɑːt]|help=no}} || 'paste' || Contrasts with {{IPAslink|a}}.{{sfnp|Walker|1984|p=53}} See [[Quebec French phonology]] |- | colspan="2" | [[Galician language|Galician]]{{sfnp|Regueira|1996|p=122}}{{sfnp|Freixeiro Mato|2006|pp=72–73}} || {{lang|gl|irm'''á'''n}} ||{{IPA|[iɾˈmɑŋ]}} || 'brother' || Allophone of {{IPA|/a/}} in contact with velar consonants.{{sfnp|Regueira|1996|p=122}}{{sfnp|Freixeiro Mato|2006|pp=72–73}} See [[Galician phonology]] |- | colspan="2" | [[Georgian language|Georgian]]{{sfnp|Shosted|Chikovani|2006|pp=261–262}} || {{lang|ka|[[Georgian alphabet|გუდ'''ა''']]}} / {{lang|ka-Latn|gud'''a'''}} || {{IPA|[k̬ud̪ɑ]}} || 'leather bag'|| Usually not fully back {{IPA|[ɑ]}}, typically {{IPA|[ɑ̟]}} to {{IPA|[ä]}}.<ref>{{Citation|last=Aronson|first=Howard|year=1990|title=Georgian: A Reading Grammar|edition=2nd|publisher=Slavica|place=Columbus, OH}}</ref> Sometimes transcribed as {{IPA|/a/}}. |- | rowspan="2" | [[German language|German]] || [[Standard German|Standard]]{{sfnp|Dudenredaktion|Kleiner|Knöbl|2015|pp=34, 38}} || {{lang|de|[[German alphabet|Gourm'''and''']]}} || {{IPA|[ɡ̊ʊʁˈmɑ̃ː]}} || 'gourmand' || [[Nasalization|Nasalized]]; often realized as rounded {{IPAblink|ɒ|ɒ̃ː}}.{{sfnp|Dudenredaktion|Kleiner|Knöbl|2015|p=38}} See [[Standard German phonology]] |- | Many speakers{{sfnp|Dudenredaktion|Kleiner|Knöbl|2015|p=64}} || {{lang|de|[[German alphabet|n'''ah''']]}} || {{IPA|[nɑː]}} || 'near' || Used by speakers in Northern Germany, East Central Germany, Franconia and Switzerland.{{sfnp|Dudenredaktion|Kleiner|Knöbl|2015|p=64}} Also a part of the Standard Austrian accent.{{sfnp|Moosmüller|Schmid|Brandstätter|2015|pp=342–344}} More front in other accents. See [[Standard German phonology]] |- | [[Modern Greek|Greek]] || [[Varieties of Modern Greek|Sfakian]]{{sfnp|Trudgill|2009|pp=83–84}} || {{lang|el|[[Greek orthography|μπύρ'''α''']]}} / ''býr'''a'''''|| {{IPA|[ˈbirɑ]}} || "beer" || Corresponds to central {{IPA|[{{IPAplink|ä}} ~ {{IPAplink|ɐ}}]}} in Modern Standard Greek.{{sfnp|Trudgill|2009|p=81}}{{sfnp|Arvaniti|2007|pp=25, 28}} See [[Modern Greek phonology]] |- | [[Hungarian language|Hungarian]] || Some dialects{{sfnp|Vago|1980|p=1}} || {{lang|hu|[[Hungarian orthography|m'''a'''gy'''a'''r]]}} || {{IPA|[ˈmɑɟɑr]}} || 'Hungarian' || Weakly rounded {{IPAblink|ɒ}} in standard Hungarian.{{sfnp|Szende|1994|p=92}} See [[Hungarian phonology]] |- | [[Inuit language|Inuit]] || [[West Greenlandic]]{{sfnp|Fortescue|1990|p=317}} || {{lang|kl|oq'''a'''rpoq}} || {{IPA|[ɔˈqɑpːɔq̚]}} || 'he says' || Allophone of {{IPA|/a/}} before and especially between uvulars.{{sfnp|Fortescue|1990|p=317}} See [[Inuit phonology]] |- |[[Italian language|Italian]] |Some Piedmont dialects |{{lang|it|[[Italian orthography|c'''a'''s'''a''']]}} |[ˈkɑːzɑ] |'house' |Allophone of {{IPA|/a/}} which in Italian is largely realised as central {{IPA|[ä]}}. |- |[[Irish language|Irish]] |[[Munster Irish|Munster Dialect]] |{{lang|ga|[[Irish orthography|'''á'''it]]}} |[ɑːtʲ] |'place' |See [[Irish phonology]] |- | colspan="2" | [[Kazakh language|Kazakh]] || {{lang|kk|'''a'''lm'''a'''}} || {{IPA|[ɑ̝ɫ̪ˈmɑ̝]}} || 'apple' || Can be realised as near-open. |- | colspan="2" | [[Kaingang language|Kaingang]]{{sfnp|Jolkesky|2009|pp=676–677, 682}} || {{lang|kgp|g'''a'''}} || {{IPA|[ᵑɡɑ]}} || 'land, soil' || Varies between back {{IPA|[ɑ]}} and central {{IPAblink|ɐ}}.{{sfnp|Jolkesky|2009|pp=676, 682}} |- | colspan="2" | [[Khmer language|Khmer]] || {{lang|km|[[Khmer script|ស្ករ]]}} / {{transliteration|km|sk'''â'''r}} || {{IPA|[skɑː]}} || 'sugar' || See [[Khmer phonology]] |- | colspan="2" | [[Limburgish language|Limburgish]]{{sfnp|Peters|2006|p=119}}{{sfnp|Heijmans|Gussenhoven|1998|p=110}}{{sfnp|Gussenhoven|Aarts|1999|p=159}} || {{lang|li|b'''a'''ts}} || {{IPA|[bɑ̽ts]}} || 'buttock' || The quality varies between open back {{IPA|[ɑ]}},{{sfnp|Peters|2006|p=119}} open near-back {{IPA|[ɑ̟]}}{{sfnp|Heijmans|Gussenhoven|1998|p=110}} and near-open near-back {{IPA|[ɑ̽]}}{{sfnp|Gussenhoven|Aarts|1999|p=159}} (illustrated in the example word, which is from the [[Maastrichtian dialect]]), depending on the dialect. |- | colspan="2" | [[Low German]]{{sfnp|Prehn|2012|p=157}} || {{lang|nds|'''a'''l}} / {{lang|nds-NL|'''aa'''l}} || {{IPA|[ɑːl]}} || 'all' || Backness may vary among dialects.{{sfnp|Prehn|2012|p=157}} |- | colspan="2" | [[Luxembourgish language|Luxembourgish]]{{sfnp|Gilles|Trouvain|2013|p=70}} || {{lang|lb|K'''a'''pp}} || {{IPA|[kʰɑ̝p]}} || 'head' || Near-open fully back.{{sfnp|Gilles|Trouvain|2013|p=70}} See [[Luxembourgish phonology]] |- | rowspan="3" | [[Malay language|Malay]] ||[[Kedah Malay|Kedah]]{{sfnp|Zaharani Ahmad|1991}} || rowspan="2" | {{lang|ms|[[Malay alphabet|mat'''a''']]}} || rowspan="2" | {{IPA|[ma.tɑ]}}|| rowspan="2" | 'eye' || See [[Malay phonology]] |- |[[Kelantan-Pattani Malay|Kelantan-Pattani]] |Allophone of syllable-final /a/ in open-ended words and before /k/ and /h/ codas. See [[Kelantan-Pattani Malay]] |- |Standard |''q'''a'''ri'' |{{IPA|[qɑ.ri]}} |'qari' |Found only in certain Arabic loanwords and used by speakers who know Arabic. Normally replaced by [{{IPA link|ä}}]. See [[Malay phonology]] |- | colspan="2" | [[Norwegian language|Norwegian]]{{sfnp|Kristoffersen|2000|pp=16–17}}{{sfnp|Kvifte|Gude-Husken|2005|p=4}} || {{lang|no|[[Norwegian alphabet|h'''a'''t]]}} || {{IPA|[hɑːt]}} || 'hate' || The example word is from [[Urban East Norwegian]]. Central {{IPAblink|äː}} in some other dialects.{{sfnp|Kristoffersen|2000|pp=16–17}}{{sfnp|Kvifte|Gude-Husken|2005|p=4}}{{sfnp|Vanvik|1979|pp=16–17}} See [[Norwegian phonology]] |- | rowspan="2" | [[Portuguese language|Portuguese]] ||Some [[Portuguese dialects#Portugal|Azorean]] dialects || {{lang|pt|[[Portuguese alphabet|n'''a'''da]]}} || {{IPA|[ˈnɑdɐ]}} || 'nothing' || See [[Portuguese phonology]] |- |Paulista{{Sfnp|Galastri|2011|p=21}} |{{lang|pt-BR|[[Portuguese alphabet|veget'''a'''l]]}} |{{IPA|[veʒe'tɑʊ]}} |'vegetable' |Only immediately before {{IPA|[ʊ]}}.{{Sfnp|Galastri|2011|p=21}} |- | colspan="2" | [[Russian language|Russian]]{{sfnp|Jones|Ward|1969|p=50}} || {{lang|ru|[[Russian orthography|п'''а'''лка]]}} / ''p'''a'''lka''|| {{IPA|[ˈpɑɫkə]}} || 'stick' || Occurs only before the hard {{IPA|/l/}}, but not when a [[Palatalization (phonetics)|palatalized]] consonant precedes. See [[Russian phonology]] |- | [[Scottish Gaelic language|Scottish Gaelic]] || [[Isle of Lewis|Lewis]]{{sfnp|Oftedal|1956|p=53}} || {{lang|gd|[[Scottish Gaelic phonology and orthography|b'''a'''lach]]}} || {{IPA|[ˈpɑl̪ˠəx]}} || 'boy' || Allophone of {{IPAblink|a}} in proximity to broad sonorants. |- | colspan="2" | [[Sema language|Sema]]{{sfnp|Teo|2014|p=28}} || {{lang|nsm|amq'''a'''}} || {{IPA|[à̠mqɑ̀]}} || 'lower back' || Possible realization of {{IPA|/a/}} after uvular stops.{{sfnp|Teo|2014|p=28}} |- | [[Swedish language|Swedish]] || Some dialects || {{lang|sv|[[Swedish orthography|j'''a'''g]]}} || {{IPA|[jɑːɡ]}} || 'I' || Weakly rounded {{IPAblink|ɒ|ɒ̜ː}} in Central Standard Swedish.{{sfnp|Engstrand|1999|p=141}} See [[Swedish phonology]] |- | colspan="2" | [[Toda language|Toda]]{{sfnp|Shalev|Ladefoged|Bhaskararao|1993|p=92}} || {{lang|tcx|'''ஆ'''ந}} || {{IPA|[ɑ̝ːn]}} || 'elephant' || Near-open.{{sfnp|Shalev|Ladefoged|Bhaskararao|1993|p=92}} |- | colspan="2" | [[Turkish language|Turkish]]{{sfnp|Göksel|Kerslake|2005|p=10}}|| {{lang|tr|[[Turkish alphabet|'''a'''t]]}} || {{IPA|[ɑt̪]}} || 'horse' || Also described as central {{IPAblink|ä}}.{{sfnp|Zimmer|Orgun|1999|p=155}} See [[Turkish phonology]] |- | colspan="2" | [[Ukrainian language|Ukrainian]]{{sfnp|Danyenko|Vakulenko|1995|p=4}} || {{lang|uk|[[Ukrainian orthography|м'''а'''ти]]}} / ''m'''a'''ty''|| {{IPA|[ˈmɑtɪ]}} || 'mother'|| See [[Ukrainian phonology]] |- |[[Vietnamese language|Vietnamese]] |Some dialects in [[Hà Tĩnh Province|North Central]] and [[Quảng Nam Province|Central]] |{{lang|vi|[[Vietnamese orthography|g'''à''']]}} |{{IPA|[ɣɑ˨˩]}} |'chicken' |See [[Vietnamese phonology]]<ref>{{Citation|last=Phạm|first=Andrea Hòa|date=2014|title=Ngôn ngữ biến đổi và số phận của nguyên âm /a/ trong giọng Quảng Nam (Issues in Language change and the phonemic status of /a/ in the Quang Nam dialect)|url=https://people.clas.ufl.edu/apham/files/Ngôn-ngữ-biến-đổi-và-số-phận-cuả-nguyên-âm-a-trong-Giọng-Quảng-Nam.pdf|journal=Tạp Chí Ngôn Ngữ (Journal of Vietnamese Linguistics)|language=vi|volume=6|pages=10–18}}</ref><ref>{{Citation|last=Phạm|first=Andrea Hòa|date=2016|title=Sự biến âm trong vần tiếng Việt: thổ ngữ làng Hến, huyện Đức Thọ, tỉnh Hà Tĩnh [Sound change in Vietnamese rhymes: the dialect of Hến Village of Đức Thọ District, Hà Tĩnh Province]|url=https://people.clas.ufl.edu/apham/files/Sự-biến-âm-trong-vần-tiếng-Việt-thổ-ngữ-làng-Hến-huyện-Đức-Thọ-tỉnh-Hà-tĩnh.pdf|journal=Tạp Chí Ngôn Ngữ Học (Journal of Vietnamese Linguistics)|language=vi|volume=11|pages=7–28}}</ref> |- | rowspan="2" | [[West Frisian language|West Frisian]] || Standard{{sfnp|de Haan|2010|p=333}} || {{lang|fy|l'''a'''ng}} || {{IPA|[ɫɑŋ]}} || 'long' || Also described as central {{IPAblink|ä}}.{{sfnp|Visser|1997|p=14}} See [[West Frisian phonology]] |- | Aastersk{{sfnp|van der Veen|2001|p=102}} || {{lang|fy|m'''aa'''t}} || {{IPA|[mɑːt]}} || 'mate' || Contrasts with a front {{IPAslink|aː}}.{{sfnp|van der Veen|2001|p=102}} See [[West Frisian phonology]] |} == See also == * [[Index of phonetics articles]] * [[Latin alpha]] ==Notes== {{reflist|30em}} ==References== {{refbegin|30em}} * {{citation |last=Árnason |first=Kristján |title=The Phonology of Icelandic and Faroese |year=2011 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-922931-4 }} * {{citation |last = Arvaniti |first = Amalia |year = 2007 |title = Greek Phonetics: The State of the Art |pages = 97–208 |journal = Journal of Greek Linguistics |volume = 8 |url = http://www.kent.ac.uk/secl/ell/staff/amalia-arvaniti/docs/Greek%20Phonetics%20-%20The%20State%20of%20the%20Art.pdf |doi = 10.1075/jgl.8.08arv |url-status = dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20131211020607/http://www.kent.ac.uk/secl/ell/staff/amalia-arvaniti/docs/Greek%20Phonetics%20-%20The%20State%20of%20the%20Art.pdf |archive-date = 2013-12-11 |citeseerx = 10.1.1.692.1365 }} * {{citation |last=Ashby |first=Patricia |title=Understanding Phonetics |year=2011 |publisher=Routledge |series=Understanding Language series |isbn=978-0340928271 }} * {{citation |last1=Asu |first1=Eva Liina |last2=Teras |first2=Pire |year=2009 |title=Estonian |journal=Journal of the International Phonetic Association |volume=39 |issue=3 |pages=367–372 |doi=10.1017/s002510030999017x |doi-access=free }} * {{citation |last1=Collins |first1=Beverley |last2=Mees |first2=Inger M. |editor-last1=Coupland |editor-first1=Nikolas |editor-last2=Thomas |editor-first2=Alan Richard |year=1990 |title=English in Wales: Diversity, Conflict, and Change |chapter=The Phonetics of Cardiff English |publisher=Multilingual Matters Ltd. |pages=87–103 |isbn=978-1-85359-032-0 |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tPwYt3gVbu4C }} * {{citation |last1=Collins |first1=Beverley |last2=Mees |first2=Inger M. |year=2003 |orig-year=First published 1981 |title=The Phonetics of English and Dutch |edition=5th |place=Leiden |publisher=Brill Publishers |isbn=978-9004103405 }} * {{citation |last1=Collins |first1=Beverley |last2=Mees |first2=Inger M. |year=2013 |orig-year=First published 2003 |title=Practical Phonetics and Phonology: A Resource Book for Students |edition=3rd |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-0-415-50650-2 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=faVJTQIw9eQC }} * {{citation |last1=Danyenko |first1=Andrii |last2=Vakulenko |first2=Serhii |year=1995 |title=Ukrainian |publisher=Lincom Europa |isbn=9783929075083 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WUsbAQAAIAAJ }} * {{citation |last=de Haan |first=Germen J. |editor-last1=Hoekstra |editor-first1=Jarich |editor-last2=Visser |editor-first2=Willem |editor-last3=Jensma |editor-first3=Goffe |year=2010 |title=Studies in West Frisian Grammar: Selected Papers by Germen J. de Haan |publisher=John Benjamins Publishing Company |place=Amsterdam |isbn=978-90-272-5544-0 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wW_D3RxTQDkC }} * {{citation |author1=Dudenredaktion |last2=Kleiner |first2=Stefan |last3=Knöbl |first3=Ralf |year=2015 |orig-year=First published 1962 |title=Das Aussprachewörterbuch |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=T6vWCgAAQBAJ |language=de |edition=7th |location=Berlin |publisher=Dudenverlag |isbn=978-3-411-04067-4 }} * {{citation |last=Dum-Tragut |first=Jasmine |year=2009 |title=Armenian: Modern Eastern Armenian |publisher=John Benjamins Publishing Company |place=Amsterdam }} * {{citation |last=Engstrand |first=Olle |year=1999 |chapter=Swedish |title=Handbook of the International Phonetic Association: A Guide to the usage of the International Phonetic Alphabet. |place=Cambridge |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-0-521-63751-0 |pages=140–142 }} * {{citation |last=Fortescue |first=Michael |editor-last=Collins |editor-first=Dirmid R. F. |year=1990 |chapter=Basic Structures and Processes in West Greenlandic |title=Arctic Languages: An Awakening |publisher=UNESCO |place=Paris |pages=309–332 |isbn=978-92-3-102661-4 |chapter-url=http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0008/000861/086162e.pdf }} * {{citation |last1=Fougeron |first1=Cecile |last2=Smith |first2=Caroline L |year=1993 |title=French |journal=Journal of the International Phonetic Association |volume=23 |issue=2 |pages=73–76 |doi=10.1017/S0025100300004874 |s2cid=249404451 }} * {{citation |last=Freixeiro Mato |first=Xosé Ramón |year=2006 |title=Gramática da lingua galega (I). Fonética e fonoloxía |place=Vigo |publisher=A Nosa Terra |isbn=978-84-8341-060-8 |language=gl }} * {{citation |last1=Gilles |first1=Peter |last2=Trouvain |first2=Jürgen |year=2013 |title=Luxembourgish |journal=Journal of the International Phonetic Association |volume=43 |issue=1 |pages=67–74 |doi=10.1017/S0025100312000278 |doi-access=free }} * {{citation |last1=Göksel |first1=Asli |last2=Kerslake |first2=Celia |year=2005 |title=Turkish: a comprehensive grammar |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-0415114943 }} * {{citation |last=Gussenhoven |first=Carlos |year=1992 |title=Dutch |journal=Journal of the International Phonetic Association |volume=22 |issue=2 |pages=45–47 |doi=10.1017/S002510030000459X |s2cid=243772965 }} * {{citation |last1=Gussenhoven |first1=Carlos |last2=Aarts |first2=Flor |year=1999 |title=The dialect of Maastricht |journal=Journal of the International Phonetic Association |volume=29 |issue=2 |pages=155–166 |doi=10.1017/S0025100300006526 |s2cid=145782045 |url=http://gep.ruhosting.nl/carlos/gussenhoven_aarts.pdf }} * {{citation |last1=Heijmans |first1=Linda |last2=Gussenhoven |first2=Carlos |year=1998 |title=The Dutch dialect of Weert |journal=Journal of the International Phonetic Association |volume=28 |issue=1–2 |pages=107–112 |doi=10.1017/S0025100300006307 |s2cid=145635698 |url=http://gep.ruhosting.nl/carlos/weert.pdf }} * {{citation |last=Jolkesky |first=Marcelo Pinho de Valhery |year=2009 |title=Fonologia e prosódia do Kaingáng falado em Cacique Doble |journal=Anais do SETA |language=pt |volume=3 |pages=675–685 |place=Campinas |publisher=Editora do IEL-UNICAMP |url=http://www.iel.unicamp.br/revista/index.php/seta/article/view/557/474 }} * {{citation |last1=Jones |first1=Daniel |last2=Ward |first2=Dennis |year=1969 |title=The Phonetics of Russian |publisher=Cambridge University Press }} * {{citation |last=Kráľ |first=Ábel |title=Pravidlá slovenskej výslovnosti |language=sk |year=1988 |publisher=Slovenské pedagogické nakladateľstvo |location=Bratislava }} * {{citation |last=Kristoffersen |first=Gjert |author-link=Gjert Kristoffersen |year=2000 |title=The Phonology of Norwegian |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-823765-5 }} * {{citation |last1=Kvifte |first1=Bjørn |last2=Gude-Husken |first2=Verena |year=2005 |orig-year=First published 1997 |title=Praktische Grammatik der norwegischen Sprache |language=de |edition=3rd |publisher=Gottfried Egert Verlag |isbn=978-3-926972-54-5 }} * {{citation |last=Lass |first=Roger |chapter=South African English |editor-last=Mesthrie |editor-first=Rajend |year=2002 |title=Language in South Africa |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=9780521791052 }} * {{citation |last=Lodge |first=Ken |year=2009 |title=A Critical Introduction to Phonetics |publisher=Continuum International Publishing Group |isbn=978-0-8264-8873-2 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_nVT_qNvbusC }} * {{citation |last=Maddieson |first=Ian |year=1984 |title=Patterns of Sounds |place=Cambridge |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-0-521-26536-2 }} * {{citation |last1=Mannell |first1=R. |last2=Cox |first2=F. |last3=Harrington |first3=J. |year=2009 |title=An Introduction to Phonetics and Phonology |publisher=Macquarie University |url=http://clas.mq.edu.au/speech/phonetics/phonetics/vowelgraphs/USE_Monophthongs.html }} * {{citation |last1=Mokari |first1=Payam Ghaffarvand |last2=Werner |first2=Stefan |year=2016 |title=An acoustic description of spectral and temporal characteristics of Azerbaijani vowels |editor-last=Dziubalska-Kolaczyk |editor-first=Katarzyna |journal=Poznań Studies in Contemporary Linguistics |volume=52 |issue=3 |doi=10.1515/psicl-2016-0019 |s2cid=151826061 }} * {{citation |last1=Moosmüller |first1=Sylvia |last2=Schmid |first2=Carolin |last3=Brandstätter |first3=Julia |year=2015 |title=Standard Austrian German |journal=Journal of the International Phonetic Association |volume=45 |issue=3 |pages=339–348 |doi=10.1017/S0025100315000055 |doi-access=free }} * {{cite thesis|last=Mou|first=Xiaomin|date=2006|title=Nasal codas in Standard Chinese: a study in the framework of the distinctive feature theory|type=PhD|place=Massachusetts|publisher=Massachusetts Institute of Technology|hdl=1721.1/35283}} * {{citation |last=Oftedal |first=Magne |year=1956 |title=The Gaelic of Leurbost, Isle of Lewis |publisher=Norsk Tidskrift for Sprogvidenskap |url=https://www.alastairmcintosh.com/general/resources/1956-Magne-Oftedal-Leurbost-Gaelic.pdf }} * {{citation |last=Peters |first=Jörg |year=2006 |title=The dialect of Hasselt |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/CC3128C98C906168AC7A7C5888225895/S0025100306002428a.pdf/dialect_of_hasselt.pdf |journal=Journal of the International Phonetic Association |volume=36 |issue=1 |pages=117–124 |doi=10.1017/S0025100306002428 |doi-access=free }} * {{cite thesis|last=Prehn|first=Maike|year=2012|title=Vowel quantity and the fortis-lenis distinction in North Low Saxon|type=PhD|place=Amsterdam|publisher=LOT|isbn=978-94-6093-077-5|url=https://pure.uva.nl/ws/files/1168313/101796_thesis_klein.pdf}} * {{citation |last=Rafel |first=Joaquim |title=Aplicació al català dels principis de transcripció de l'Associació Fonètica Internacional |year=1999 |place=Barcelona |publisher=Institut d'Estudis Catalans |edition=3rd |url=http://publicacions.iec.cat/repository/pdf/00000042%5C00000071.pdf |isbn=978-84-7283-446-0 }} * {{citation |last=Recasens |first=Daniel |year=1996 |title=Fonètica descriptiva del català: assaig de caracterització de la pronúncia del vocalisme i el consonantisme català al segle XX |edition=2nd |place=Barcelona |publisher=Institut d'Estudis Catalans |isbn=978-84-7283-312-8 }} * {{citation |last=Regueira |first=Xosé Luís |year=1996 |title=Galician |journal=Journal of the International Phonetic Association |volume=26 |issue=2 |pages=119–122 |doi=10.1017/s0025100300006162 |s2cid=249403834 }} * {{citation |last=Roach |first=Peter |year=2004 |title=British English: Received Pronunciation |journal=Journal of the International Phonetic Association |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/D4AFF0A7118E7081ACF7C7586FF87590/S0025100304001768a.pdf/british_english_received_pronunciation.pdf |volume=34 |issue=2 |pages=239–245 |doi=10.1017/S0025100304001768 |doi-broken-date=1 November 2024 |doi-access=free }} * {{citation |last=Saborit |first=Josep |year=2009 |title=Millorem la pronúncia |language=ca |publisher = Acadèmia Valenciana de la Llengua }} * {{citation |last1=Shalev |first1=Michael |last2=Ladefoged |first2=Peter |author2-link=Peter Ladefoged |last3=Bhaskararao |first3=Peri |year=1993 |chapter=Phonetics of Toda |editor-last=Maddieson |editor-first=Ian |editor-link=Ian Maddieson |title=Fieldwork studies of targeted languages |chapter-url=http://escholarship.org/uc/item/8k45g432 |volume=84 |location=Los Angeles |publisher=The UCLA Phonetics Laboratory Group |pages=89–125 }} * {{citation |last1=Shosted |first1=Ryan K. |last2=Chikovani |first2=Vakhtang |year=2006 |title=Standard Georgian |journal=Journal of the International Phonetic Association |volume=36 |issue=2 |pages=255–264 |doi=10.1017/S0025100306002659 |doi-access=free |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/A7DCF9606BA856FCA5CC25918ADB37EF/S0025100306002659a.pdf/standard_georgian.pdf }} * {{citation |last1=Suomi |first1=Kari |author-link1=Kari Suomi |last2=Toivanen |first2=Juhani |last3=Ylitalo |first3=Riikka |year=2008 |title=Finnish sound structure – Phonetics, phonology, phonotactics and prosody |series=Studia Humaniora Ouluensia 9 |publisher=Oulu University Press |isbn=978-951-42-8984-2 |url=http://jultika.oulu.fi/files/isbn9789514289842.pdf }} * {{citation |last=Szende |first=Tamás |year=1994 |title=Illustrations of the IPA: Hungarian |journal=Journal of the International Phonetic Association |volume=24 |issue=2 |pages=91–94 |doi=10.1017/S0025100300005090 |s2cid=242632087 }} * {{citation |last=Teo |first=Amos B. |year=2014 |title=A phonological and phonetic description of Sumi, a Tibeto-Burman language of Nagaland |publisher=Asia-Pacific Linguistics |isbn=978-1-922185-10-5 |location=Canberra |url=https://digitalcollections.anu.edu.au/bitstream/1885/12015/1/Teo%20A%20phonological%20and%20phonetic%20description%20of%20Sumi%202014.pdf }} * {{citation |last1=Thelwall |first1=Robin |last2=Sa'Adeddin |first2=M. Akram |year=1990 |title=Arabic |journal=Journal of the International Phonetic Association |volume=20 |issue=2 |pages=37–39 |doi=10.1017/S0025100300004266 |s2cid=243640727 }} * {{citation |last=Trudgill |first=Peter |year=2009 |title=Greek Dialect Vowel Systems, Vowel Dispersion Theory, and Sociolinguistic Typology |journal=Journal of Greek Linguistics |volume=9 |issue=1 |pages=80–97 |doi=10.1163/156658409X12500896406041 |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/233523754 |doi-access=free }} * {{citation |last=Vago |first=Robert M. |title=The Sound Pattern of Hungarian |publisher=Georgetown University Press |year=1980 |place=Washington, D.C. }} * {{citation |last=van der Veen |first=Klaas F. |editor-last1=Munske |editor-first1=Horst Haider |editor-last2=Århammar |editor-first2=Hans |year=2001 |chapter=13. West Frisian Dialectology and Dialects |title=Handbook of Frisian studies |publisher=Max Niemeyer Verlag GmbH |place=Tübingen |pages=98–116 |isbn=978-3-484-73048-9 |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0nx-GUm-0OIC }} * {{citation |last=Vanvik |first=Arne |year=1979 |title=Norsk fonetikk |trans-title=Norwegian phonetics |language=no |publisher=Universitetet i Oslo |place=Oslo |isbn=978-82-990584-0-7 }} * {{citation |last=Verhoeven |first=Jo |year=2005 |title=Belgian Standard Dutch |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/40E060F565C2A84B07993980D2957D49/S0025100305002173a.pdf/belgian_standard_dutch.pdf |journal=Journal of the International Phonetic Association |volume=35 |issue=2 |pages=245 |doi=10.1017/S0025100305002173 |doi-access=free }} * {{citation |last=Verhoeven |first=Jo |year=2007 |title=The Belgian Limburg dialect of Hamont |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/C526FB3C25A213C314E5BA6B9DB73EA4/S0025100307002940a.pdf/belgian_limburg_dialect_of_hamont.pdf |journal=Journal of the International Phonetic Association |volume=37 |issue=2 |pages=219–225 |doi=10.1017/S0025100307002940 |doi-access=free }} * {{cite thesis|last=Visser|first=Willem|year=1997|title=The Syllable in Frisian|url=https://pure.knaw.nl/portal/files/484468/The_Syllable_in_Frisian.pdf|type=PhD|place=Leiden|publisher=Holland Institute of Generative Linguistics|isbn=90-5569-030-9|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304192952/https://pure.knaw.nl/portal/files/484468/The_Syllable_in_Frisian.pdf|archive-date=4 March 2016|url-status=live}} * {{citation |last=Walker |first=Douglas |year=1984 |title=The Pronunciation of Canadian French |location=Ottawa |publisher=University of Ottawa Press |isbn=978-0-7766-4500-1 |url=http://people.ucalgary.ca/~dcwalker/PronCF.pdf }} * {{citation |last=Wells |first=J.C. |year=1982 |title=Accents of English 2: The British Isles |place=Cambridge |publisher=Cambridge University Press }} * {{cite web|last=Wissing|first=Daan|year=2016|title=Afrikaans phonology – segment inventory|url=http://www.taalportaal.org/taalportaal/topic/pid/topic-14610909940908011|website=Taalportaal|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170415194042/http://www.taalportaal.org/taalportaal/topic/pid/topic-14610909940908011|archive-date=15 April 2017|url-status=live|access-date=16 April 2017}} * {{citation |author=Zaharani Ahmad |title=The Phonology and Morphology of the Perak Dialect |publisher=Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, Kuala Lumpur |year=1991}} * {{citation |last1=Zimmer |first1=Karl |last2=Orgun |first2=Orhan |year=1999 |chapter=Turkish |title=Handbook of the International Phonetic Association: A guide to the use of the International Phonetic Alphabet |place=Cambridge |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-0-521-65236-0 |pages=154–158 |chapter-url=http://www.uta.edu/faculty/cmfitz/swnal/projects/CoLang/courses/Transcription/rosettaproject_tur_phon-2.pdf |access-date=2015-11-21 |archive-date=2018-07-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180725111322/http://www.uta.edu/faculty/cmfitz/swnal/projects/CoLang/courses/Transcription/rosettaproject_tur_phon-2.pdf |url-status=dead }} *{{cite thesis|title=O dialeto árabe de Essaouira: documentação e descrição de uma variedade do sul do Marrocos|last=Francisco|first=Felipe Benjamin|s2cid=214469852|publisher=[[University of São Paulo]]|place=[[São Paulo]]|year=2019|doi=10.11606/T.8.2019.tde-29102019-180034|type=PhD|doi-access=free}} *{{citation|last=Galastri|first=Eliane de Oliveira|year=2011|publication-place=[[Araraquara]]|publisher=[[São Paulo State University]]|language=pt-BR|type=Term paper|hdl=11449/119177|hdl-access=free|title=Guia para a transcrição fonética do dialeto paulista|journal=Aleph }} {{refend}} ==External links== * {{phoible|ɑ}} {{IPA navigation}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Open Back Unrounded Vowel}} [[Category:Open vowels]] [[Category:Back vowels]] [[Category:Unrounded vowels]]
Edit summary
(Briefly describe your changes)
By publishing changes, you agree to the
Terms of Use
, and you irrevocably agree to release your contribution under the
CC BY-SA 4.0 License
and the
GFDL
. You agree that a hyperlink or URL is sufficient attribution under the Creative Commons license.
Cancel
Editing help
(opens in new window)
Pages transcluded onto the current version of this page
(
help
)
:
Template:Angbr IPA
(
edit
)
Template:Audio-IPA
(
edit
)
Template:Back vowel
(
edit
)
Template:Citation
(
edit
)
Template:Cite thesis
(
edit
)
Template:Cite web
(
edit
)
Template:Clarification needed
(
edit
)
Template:Harvcoltxt
(
edit
)
Template:IPA
(
edit
)
Template:IPA link
(
edit
)
Template:IPA navigation
(
edit
)
Template:IPA vowels
(
edit
)
Template:IPAblink
(
edit
)
Template:IPAslink
(
edit
)
Template:Infobox IPA
(
edit
)
Template:Lang
(
edit
)
Template:Open vowel
(
edit
)
Template:Phoible
(
edit
)
Template:Refbegin
(
edit
)
Template:Refend
(
edit
)
Template:Reflist
(
edit
)
Template:Sfnp
(
edit
)
Template:Short description
(
edit
)
Template:Transliteration
(
edit
)
Template:Unrounded vowel
(
edit
)
Template:Vowel terminology
(
edit
)