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Openbill stork
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{{Short description|Genus of birds}} {{Redirect-distinguish|Anastomus|Anostomus}} {{Automatic taxobox | name = Openbill storks | image = Anastomus lamelligerus 1838, b.jpg | image_caption = [[African openbill]] by Huet & Prêtre | taxon = Anastomus | authority = [[Pierre Joseph Bonnaterre|Bonnaterre]], 1791 | type_species = ''[[Asian openbill|Ardea oscitans]]''<ref name=HM4>{{cite web |url= https://www.aviansystematics.org/4th-edition-checklist?viewfamilies=23 |title= Ciconiidae |author=<!--Not stated--> |date= |website= aviansystematics.org |publisher= The Trust for Avian Systematics |access-date= 2023-07-27}}</ref> | type_species_authority = Boddaert, 1783 | subdivision_ranks = Species | subdivision = * ''[[Anastomus lamelligerus]]'' * ''[[Anastomus oscitans]]'' | synonyms = * ''Hians'' <small>Lacepede, 1799</small> * ''Rhynchochasme'' <small>Hermann, 1804</small> * ''Empharis'' <small>Rafinesque, 1815 (Nom. Nov.)</small> * ''Apertirostra'' <small>Drapiez, 1822</small> * ''Chaenoramphe'' <small>Dumont, 1817</small> * ''Chaenoramphus'' <small>Thon, 1830 (Emend.)</small> * ''Chenoramphus'' <small>Gray, 1848 (Emend.)</small> * ''Hiator'' <small>Reichenbach, 1852-53</small> }} The '''openbill storks''' or '''openbills''' are two [[species]] of [[stork]] (family Ciconiidae) in the [[genus]] '''''Anastomus'''''. They are large wading [[bird]]s characterized by large bills, the mandibles of which do not meet except at the tip. This feature develops only in the adults. Both species feed predominantly on [[Mollusca|molluscs]]. The roof of the upper bill is fringed with plate-like structures ("lamellae") in the [[African openbill]], but these are absent in the [[Asian openbill]].<ref>{{cite journal |url= https://archive.org/stream/proceedingsofzoo19011zool#page/365/mode/1up|author=Beddard, F. E. |year=1901| title= Some Notes upon the Anatomy and Systematic Position of the Ciconiine Genus Anastomus|journal= Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London|volume=70|issue=2 |pages=365–371| doi=10.1111/j.1469-7998.1901.tb08551.x }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal| journal= Journal of Ornithology| volume= 112| issue= 1 | pages= 21–35| doi=10.1007/BF01644077| title=Food and feeding behavior of Openbill Storks|author= Kahl, MP|year=1971 | bibcode= 1971JOrni.112...21K| s2cid= 1484358}}</ref> ==Taxonomy== The [[genus]] ''Anastomus'' was erected by the French naturalist [[Pierre Joseph Bonnaterre|Pierre Bonnaterre]] in 1791.<ref>{{ cite book | last1=Bonnaterre | first1=Pierre Joseph | author1-link=Pierre Joseph Bonnaterre | last2=Vieillot | first2=Louis Pierre | author2-link=Louis Pierre Vieillot | year=1823 | title=Tableau encyclopédique et méthodique des trois règnes de la nature: Ornithologie | volume=Part 1 | language=fr | location=Paris | publisher=Panckoucke | page=xciii | url=https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/51114668 }} Although the title page bears the date of 1823 the section (''livraison'') containing the description was published in 1791. See: {{ cite book | last1=Dickinson | first1=E.C. | author1-link=Edward C. Dickinson | last2=Overstreet | first2=L.K. | last3=Dowsett | first3=R.J. | last4=Bruce | first4=M.D. | year=2011 | title=Priority! The Dating of Scientific Names in Ornithology: a Directory to the literature and its reviewers | location=Northampton, UK | publisher=Aves Press | isbn=978-0-9568611-1-5 | page=78 | url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/267763194 }}</ref> The [[type species]] was subsequently designated as the Asian openbill (''Anastomus oscitans'').<ref>{{ cite book | last=Gray | author-link=George Robert Gray | year=1841 | title=A List of the Genera of Birds : with their Synonyma and an Indication of the Typical Species of Each Genus | edition=2nd | place=London | publisher= R. and J.E. Taylor | page=87 | url=https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/14050318}}</ref><ref>{{ cite book | editor1-last=Mayr | editor1-first=Ernst | editor1-link=Ernst Mayr | editor2-last=Cottrell | editor2-first=G. William | year=1979 | title=Check-list of Birds of the World | volume=1 | edition=2nd | publisher=Museum of Comparative Zoology | place=Cambridge, Massachusetts | pages=246–247 | url=https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/16108886 }}</ref> The name ''Anastomus'' is from the [[Ancient Greek]] αναστομοω ''anastomoō'' meaning "to furnish with a mouth" or "with mouth wide-opened".<ref>{{cite book | last=Jobling | first=James A. | year=2010| title=The Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names | url=https://archive.org/details/Helm_Dictionary_of_Scientific_Bird_Names_by_James_A._Jobling | publisher=Christopher Helm | location=London | isbn= 978-1-4081-2501-4 | page=[https://archive.org/details/Helm_Dictionary_of_Scientific_Bird_Names_by_James_A._Jobling/page/n46 46] }}</ref> There are two species of openbilled storks:<ref name=ioc>{{cite web| editor1-last=Gill | editor1-first=Frank | editor1-link=Frank Gill (ornithologist) | editor2-last=Donsker | editor2-first=David | year=2019 | title=Storks, frigatebirds, boobies, cormorants, darters | work=World Bird List Version 9.2 | url=https://www.worldbirdnames.org/bow/storks/ | publisher=International Ornithologists' Union | access-date=16 July 2019 }}</ref> {{Species table |genus=Anastomus |authority-name=[[Pierre Joseph Bonnaterre|Bonnaterre]] |authority-year=1791 |species-count=two|no-note=y|narrow-percent=75}} {{Species table/row |name=African openbill |binomial=[[Anastomus lamelligerus]] |image=File:African openbill, Anastomus lamelligerus, Chobe National Park, Botswana (31548249924), crop.jpg|image-size=180px |image-alt= |authority-name=Temminck|authority-year=1823 |authority-not-original= |range= A resident breeder in [[Sub-Saharan Africa]], including [[Madagascar]] |range-image=File:Anastomus lamelligerus map.svg |range-image-size=180px |size=measuring {{cvt|80|–|94|cm}} and weighing {{cvt|1|–|1.3|kg}} |habitat= |hunting= aquatic snails and fresh water mussels |iucn-status= LC |population= |direction= |subspecies={{Collapsible list |expand=yes |title=Two subspecies |bullets=on | ''A. l. lamelligerus'' | ''A. l. madagascariensis'' }} }} {{Species table/row |name= Asian openbill|binomial=[[Anastomus oscitans]] |image=File:Asian Openbill (Anastomus oscitans) in Kolkata I IMG 0495.jpg|image-size=180px |image-alt= |authority-name=Boddaert |authority-year=1783 |authority-not-original=yes |range= A resident breeder in tropical [[South Asia|southern Asia]] from [[India]] and [[Sri Lanka]] east to [[Southeast Asia]]. |range-image=File:Asian Openbill.JPG |range-image-size=180px |size={{cvt|68|cm}} height ({{cvt|81|cm}} long). |habitat= |hunting= |iucn-status= LC |population= |direction= |subspecies= }} {{Species table/end}} ==References== {{Reflist}} {{Storks}} {{Ciconiiformes|C.|state=collapsed}} {{Taxonbar|from=Q728881}} [[Category:Anastomus|*]] [[Category:Taxa named by Pierre Joseph Bonnaterre]] {{Ciconiiformes-stub}}
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