Editing Operation Teapot

{{Short description|Series of 1950s US nuclear tests}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=November 2018}}
{{Infobox nuclear weapons test
 |name                = Operation Teapot
 |picture             = Teapot MET.gif
 |picture_description = Teapot-''MET'' (Military Effects Test), 22-kilotons
 |country             = United States
 |test_site           = {{plainlist|
*NTS Areas 5, 11, Frenchman Flat
*NTS, Areas 1–4, 6–10, Yucca Flat}}
 |period              = 1955
 |number_of_tests     = 14
 |test_type           = cratering, free air drop, parachuted, tower
 |max_yield           = {{convert|43|ktTNT|lk=in}}
 |previous_series     = [[Operation Castle]]
 |next_series         = [[Operation Wigwam]]
}}
{{GeoGroup|article=Operation Teapot}}

'''Operation Teapot''' was a series of 14 [[nuclear test]] explosions conducted at the [[Nevada Test Site]] in the first half of 1955. It was preceded by ''[[Operation Castle]]'', and followed by ''[[Operation Wigwam]]''. ''Wigwam'' was, administratively, a part of ''Teapot'', but it is usually treated as a class of its own. The aims of the operation were to establish military tactics for ground forces on a nuclear battlefield and to improve the nuclear weapons used for [[Nuclear weapons delivery|strategic delivery]].<ref>{{cite web|title=For the Record – A History of the Nuclear Test Personnel Review Program, 1978–1993|url=http://www.dtra.mil/documents/ntpr/relatedpub/DNATR966041F.pdf|publisher=Department of Defense|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120915201615/http://www.dtra.mil/documents/ntpr/relatedpub/DNATR966041F.pdf|archive-date=September 15, 2012|page=100|url-status=dead}}</ref>

==Individual blasts==

===Wasp===

During shot ''Wasp'', ground forces took part in [[Exercise Desert Rock VI]] which included an armored task force ''Razor'' moving to within {{convert|900|m}} of ground zero, under the still-forming [[mushroom cloud]].<ref name="teapot">{{cite web|url=http://www.dtra.mil/documents/ntpr/historical/1955%20-%20DNA%206009F%20-%20Operation%20TEAPOT.pdf|title=Operation Teapot 1955|work=Nuclear Test Personnel Review|publisher=Department of Defense|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120915201615/http://www.dtra.mil/documents/ntpr/relatedpub/DNATR966041F.pdf|archive-date=September 15, 2012|url-status=dead}}</ref>

===Bee===

An augmented [[Marine Corps Test Unit|test unit]] from the [[United States Marine Corps]] participated in shot ''Bee'' during the March 1955 exercises.<ref name="teapot"/>

===MET===

The ''MET'' was the first bomb core to include [[uranium-233]] (a rarely used [[fissile isotope]] that is the product of [[thorium-232]] neutron absorption), [[Pit (nuclear weapon)#Composite cores and uranium pits|along with plutonium]]; this was based on the plutonium/U-235 pit from the TX-7E, a prototype [[Mark 7 nuclear bomb]] design used in the 1951 ''[[Operation Buster-Jangle]] Easy'' test. It produced a yield of 22kt (comparable to the ''[[Fat Man]]'' plutonium-only weapon that exploded over Nagasaki), but significantly less than the expected amount. Since it was a military effects test, the DoD specified that the device should have a calibrated yield within 10% of ratings. However, weapon designers at Los Alamos substituted the experimental core without notifying the DoD. The unexpected lower yield, 33% less than the DoD expected, ruined many of the military's tests.<ref>{{cite web | url= http://nuclearweaponarchive.org/Usa/Tests/Teapot.html | title= Operation Teapot |date= October 15, 1997 | work= Nuclear Weapon Archive | access-date= December 9, 2008 }} "The predicted yield was 33 kt. The actual 22 kt was 33% below this, seriously compromising the data collected." [[cf.]] "Nuclear Test Film - Operation Teapot" (linked below) ~17:30 "While the expected yield was 28 kilotons, radiochemical analysis indicated a yield closer to 22 kilotons."</ref><ref>{{cite web | url= http://nuclearweaponarchive.org/Usa/Tests/Busterj.html | title= Operation Buster-Jangle |date= October 15, 1997 | work= Nuclear Weapon Archive | access-date= March 18, 2012 }}</ref>

===Apple-2===

{{redirect|Doom Town|the card game|Doomtown}}
{{see also|Japanese Village (Dugway Proving Ground)|Nevada Test Site#Landmarks and geography}}
[[File:Operation Cue (1955).ogv|thumb|''Operation Cue'' (1955)]]
The Civil Defense ''Apple-2'' shot on May 5, 1955 was intended to test various building construction types in a nuclear blast. An assortment of buildings, including residential houses and [[electrical substation]]s, were constructed at the site nicknamed "'''Survival Town'''" by some and "'''Doom Town'''" by others.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Tunc |first1=Tanfer Emin |title=Eating in Survival Town: Food in 1950s Atomic America |journal=Cold War History |date=3 April 2015 |volume=15 |issue=2 |pages=179–200 |doi=10.1080/14682745.2014.950239|s2cid=153868990 }}</ref> The buildings were populated with mannequins, and stocked with different types of canned and packaged foods. Not all of the buildings were destroyed in the blast, and some of them still stand at [[Area 1 (Nevada National Security Site)|Area 1]], Nevada Test Site. A short film about the blast, referred to as "Operation Cue", was distributed by the [[Federal Civil Defense Administration]]. The houses are still standing at {{coord|37.04476|-116.07416|display=inline}}, at the east and west ends of the road loop. They are stops on the [[Nevada National Security Site]] (NNSS) tour.

From declassified documents dated February to May 1956, the Apple-2 shot, as part of Operation Teapot Project 35.5 "Effects of Nuclear Explosion on Records and Records Storage Equipment" was staged on the Nevada Test Site to determine the effects of nuclear explosions on various types of records and record storage equipment.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://blog.nuclearsecrecy.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/11/1958-Operation-Teapot-Effects-of-Nuclear-Explosion-on-Records-and-Records-Storage-Equipment.pdf|title=Operation Teapot Project 35.5 Declassified|website=blog.nuclearsecrecy.com}}</ref>

==Teapot series tests==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
 |+ United States' Teapot series tests and detonations
 |-
 !style="background:#ffdead;" | Name<ref group=note>The US, France and Great Britain have code-named their test events, while the USSR and China have not, and therefore have only test numbers (with some exceptions - Soviet peaceful explosions were named). Word translations into English in parentheses unless the name is a proper noun. A dash followed by a number indicates a member of a salvo event. The US also sometimes named the individual explosions in such a salvo test, which results in "name1 - 1(with name2)". If test is canceled or aborted, then the row data like date and location discloses the intended plans, where known.</ref>
 !style="background:#efefef;" | Date time ([[Universal Time|UT]])
 !style="background:#ffdead;" | Local time zone<ref group=note>To convert the UT time into standard local, add the number of hours in parentheses to the UT time; for local daylight saving time, add one additional hour. If the result is earlier than 00:00, add 24 hours and subtract 1 from the day; if it's 24:00 or later, subtract 24 hours and add 1 to the day.</ref>
 !style="background:#efefef;" | Location<ref group=note>Rough place name and a Latitude/Longitude reference; for rocket-carried tests, the launch location is specified before the detonation location, if known. Some locations are extremely accurate; others (like airdrops and space blasts) may be quite inaccurate. "~" indicates a likely pro-forma rough location, shared with other tests in that same area.</ref>
 !style="background:#ffdead;" | Elevation + height<ref group=note>Elevation is the ground level at the point directly below the explosion relative to sea level; height is the additional distance added or subtracted by tower, balloon, shaft, tunnel, air drop or other contrivance. For rocket bursts the ground level is "N/A". In some cases it is not clear if the height is absolute or relative to ground, for example, ''Plumbbob/John''. No number or units indicates the value is unknown, while "0" means zero. Sorting on this column is by elevation and height added together.</ref>
 !style="background:#efefef;" | Delivery<ref group=note>Atmospheric, airdrop, balloon, gun, cruise missile, rocket, surface, tower, and barge are all disallowed by the [[Partial Nuclear Test Ban Treaty]]. Sealed shaft and tunnel are underground, and remained useful under the PTBT. Intentional cratering tests are borderline; they occurred under the treaty, were sometimes protested, and generally overlooked if the test was declared to be a peaceful use.</ref>
 !style="background:#ffdead;" | Purpose<ref group=note>Include weapons development, weapon effects, safety test, transport safety test, war, science, joint verification and industrial/peaceful, which may be further broken down.</ref>
 !style="background:#efefef;" | Device<ref group=note>Designations for test items where known, "?" indicates some uncertainty about the preceding value, nicknames for particular devices in quotes. This category of information is often not officially disclosed.</ref>
 !style="background:#ffdead;" | [[TNT equivalent|Yield]]<ref group=note>Estimated energy yield in tonnes, kilotonnes, and megatonnes (all metric units).</ref>
 !style="background:#efefef;" | Venting<ref group=note>Emissions to atmosphere, where known. The measured species is only iodine-131 if mentioned, otherwise it is all species. No entry means unknown, probably none if underground and everything if not; otherwise notation for whether measured on the site only or off the site, where known, and the measured amount of radioactivity released.</ref>
 !style="background:#ffdead;" class="unsortable" | References
 !style="background:#efefef;" class="unsortable" | Notes
 |-
 ! ''[[Operation Teapot#Wasp|Wasp]]''
 | {{dts|1955|2|18}} 19:59:59.2
 | style="text-align:center;" | PST (−8 [[hour|h]])<br /> || [[Nevada National Security Site|NTS]] Area 7 {{coord|37.0866|-116.0228|name=Wasp|display=inline}}
 | {{sort|001498|}}{{convert|1268|m|abbr=on}} + {{convert|230|m|abbr=on}}
 | free air drop
 | weapons development
 | 
 | style="text-align:center;" | {{sort|000010000|1&nbsp;kt}}
 | I-131 venting detected, {{convert|160|kCi|TBq|abbr=on}}
 | <ref name=LT_150 /><ref name=LT_148 /><ref name=LT_6 /><ref name=LT_1 />
 | Air defense test. Light weight implosion system, {{convert|120|lb|abbr=on}} and {{convert|22|in|abbr=on}} across. Yield below predictions. [[Desert Rock VI]].
 |-
 ! ''Moth''
 | {{dts|1955|2|22}} 13:00:45.0
 | style="text-align:center;" | PST (−8 h)<br /> || [[Nevada National Security Site|NTS]] Area 3 {{coord|37.0477|-116.022|name=Moth|display=inline}}
 | {{sort|001320|}}{{convert|1230|m|abbr=on}} + {{convert|90|m|abbr=on}}
 | tower
 | weapons development
 | [[W30 (nuclear warhead)|XW-30]] ?
 | style="text-align:center;" | {{sort|000020000|2&nbsp;kt}}
 | I-131 venting detected, {{convert|320|kCi|TBq|abbr=on}}
 | <ref name=LT_150 /><ref name=LT_148 /><ref name=LT_6 /><ref name=LT_1 /><ref name=LT_24 />
 | Proof test of XW30 air defense warhead.{{dubious|reason=This was the 22" development of the XW-25. The XW-30 would come later as a development of this. See Hansen.|date=July 2023}} Used an ENS (external neutron source) 'Zipper' initiator. Desert Rock VI.
 |-
 ! ''Tesla''
 | {{dts|1955|3|1}} 13:00:30.3
 | style="text-align:center;" | PST (−8 h)<br /> || [[Nevada National Security Site|NTS]] Area 9b {{coord|37.1255|-116.0484|name=Tesla|display=inline}}
 | {{sort|001372|}}{{convert|1282|m|abbr=on}} + {{convert|90|m|abbr=on}}
 | tower
 | weapons development
 | Cleo I
 | style="text-align:center;" | {{sort|000070000|7&nbsp;kt}}
 | I-131 venting detected, {{convert|1.2|MCi|PBq|abbr=on}}
 | <ref name=LT_150 /><ref name=LT_148 /><ref name=LT_6 /><ref name=LT_1 />
 | First successful UCRL test; used [[nuclear weapon design|linear implosion]], ZIPPER initiator. Desert Rock VI.
 |-
 ! ''Turk''
 | {{dts|1955|3|7}} 13:00:20.2
 | style="text-align:center;" | PST (−8 h)<br /> || [[Nevada National Security Site|NTS]] Area 2 {{coord|37.1383|-116.1184|name=Turk|display=inline}}
 | {{sort|001520|}}{{convert|1370|m|abbr=on}} + {{convert|150|m|abbr=on}}
 | tower
 | weapons development
 | [[W27 warhead|XW-27D]] "Linda" lightweight secondary <ref name="Ramos">{{cite web |last1=Ramos |first1=Tom |title=Harold Brown and the Linda |url=https://physicsandhistory.com/2020/06/03/harold-brown-and-the-linda/ |website=Physics Told Through History |date=June 4, 2020 |access-date=9 June 2022 |ref=Linda |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200604093055/https://physicsandhistory.com/2020/06/03/harold-brown-and-the-linda/ |archive-date=2020-06-04}}</ref>
 | style="text-align:center;" | {{sort|000430000|43&nbsp;kt}}
 | I-131 venting detected, {{convert|6.4|MCi|PBq|abbr=on}}
 | <ref name=LT_150 /><ref name=LT_148 /><ref name=LT_6 /><ref name=LT_1 />
 | Test of primary for XW-27 class D, lightweight thermonuke, in an XW-27 mockup. Desert Rock VI.
 |-
 ! ''Hornet''
 | {{dts|1955|3|12}} 13:19:59.8
 | style="text-align:center;" | PST (−8 h)<br /> || [[Nevada National Security Site|NTS]] Area 3a {{coord|37.0402|-116.0261|name=Hornet|display=inline}}
 | {{sort|001314|}}{{convert|1224|m|abbr=on}} + {{convert|90|m|abbr=on}}
 | tower
 | weapons development
 | [[W30 (nuclear warhead)|XW-30]] ?
 | style="text-align:center;" | {{sort|000040000|4&nbsp;kt}}
 | I-131 venting detected, {{convert|620|kCi|TBq|abbr=on}}
 | <ref name=LT_150 /><ref name=LT_148 /><ref name=LT_6 /><ref name=LT_1 /><ref name=LT_24 />
 | Boosted XW-30. A sealed pit D-T gas boost design, with ZIPPER initiator.
 |-
 ! ''[[Operation Teapot#Bee|Bee]]''
 | {{dts|1955|3|22}} 13:04:59.9
 | style="text-align:center;" | PST (−8 h)<br /> || [[Nevada National Security Site|NTS]] Area 7 {{coord|37.0947|-116.0248|name=Bee|display=inline}}
 | {{sort|001444|}}{{convert|1294|m|abbr=on}} + {{convert|150|m|abbr=on}}
 | tower
 | weapons development
 | [[W25 (nuclear warhead)|XW-25]] ?
 | style="text-align:center;" | {{sort|000080000|8&nbsp;kt}}
 | I-131 venting detected, {{convert|1.2|MCi|PBq|abbr=on}}
 | <ref name=LT_150 /><ref name=LT_148 /><ref name=LT_6 /><ref name=LT_1 /><ref name=LT_24 />
 | LASL sealed pit D-T gas boosted design, with ZIPPER initiator. Desert Rock VI.
 |-
 ! ''ESS''
 | {{dts|1955|3|23}} 20:00:30.0
 | style="text-align:center;" | PST (−8 h)<br /> || [[Nevada National Security Site|NTS]] Area 10 {{coord|37.1683|-116.0448|name=ESS|display=inline}}
 | {{sort|001278|}}{{convert|1298|m|abbr=on}} - {{convert|20|m|abbr=on}}
 | cratering
 | weapon effect
 | [[Mark 6 nuclear bomb|Mk-6]] HE
 | style="text-align:center;" | {{sort|000010000|1&nbsp;kt}}
 | I-131 venting detected, {{convert|140|kCi|TBq|abbr=on}}
 | <ref name=LT_150 /><ref name=LT_148 /><ref name=LT_6 /><ref name=LT_1 /><ref name=LT_24 />
 | "Effects Sub-surface". Test for ADM (Atomic Demolition Munition). Desert Rock VI.
 |-
 ! ''Apple-1''
 | {{dts|1955|3|29}} 12:00:55.1
 | style="text-align:center;" | PST (−8 h)<br /> || [[Nevada National Security Site|NTS]] Area 4 {{coord|37.0955|-116.1037|name=Apple-1|display=inline}}
 | {{sort|001467|}}{{convert|1317|m|abbr=on}} + {{convert|150|m|abbr=on}}
 | tower
 | weapons development
 | 
 | style="text-align:center;" | {{sort|000140000|14&nbsp;kt}}
 | I-131 venting detected, {{convert|2|MCi|PBq|abbr=on}}
 | <ref name=LT_150 /><ref name=LT_148 /><ref name=LT_6 /><ref name=LT_1 />
 | Primary failed; expected 40&nbsp;kt. Desert Rock VI.
 |-
 ! ''Wasp Prime''
 | {{dts|1955|3|29}} 17:59:54.8
 | style="text-align:center;" | PST (−8 h)<br /> || [[Nevada National Security Site|NTS]] Area 7 {{coord|37.0866|-116.0586|name=Wasp Prime|display=inline}}
 | {{sort|001491|}}{{convert|1261|m|abbr=on}} + {{convert|230|m|abbr=on}}
 | free air drop
 | weapons development
 | 
 | style="text-align:center;" | {{sort|000032000|3.2&nbsp;kt}}
 | I-131 venting detected, {{convert|450|kCi|TBq|abbr=on}}
 | <ref name=LT_150 /><ref name=LT_148 /><ref name=LT_6 /><ref name=LT_1 />
 | Repeat of ''Wasp''. Desert Rock VI.
 |-
 ! ''HA''
 | {{dts|1955|4|6}} 18:00:04.1
 | style="text-align:center;" | PST (−8 h)<br /> || [[Nevada National Security Site|NTS]] Area 1 {{coord|37.0286|-116.0586|name=HA|display=inline}}
 | {{sort|012440|}}{{convert|1280|m|abbr=on}} + {{convert|11.16|km}}
 | parachuted
 | weapon effect
 | 
 | style="text-align:center;" | {{sort|000032000|3.2&nbsp;kt}}
 | I-131 venting detected, {{convert|450|kCi|TBq|abbr=on}}
 | <ref name=LT_150 /><ref name=LT_148 /><ref name=LT_6 /><ref name=LT_1 />
 | Last airdrop over continental U.S. "High altitude" test of air-air missile warhead similar to ''Wasp Prime''; parachute retarded (only one at NTS).
 |-
 ! ''Post''
 | {{dts|1955|4|9}} 12:00:30.2
 | style="text-align:center;" | PST (−8 h)<br /> || [[Nevada National Security Site|NTS]] Area 9 {{coord|37.1226|-116.0347|name=Post|display=inline}}
 | {{sort|001384|}}{{convert|1294|m|abbr=on}} + {{convert|90|m|abbr=on}}
 | tower
 | weapons development
 | Cleo II
 | style="text-align:center;" | {{sort|000020000|2&nbsp;kt}}
 | I-131 venting detected, {{convert|340|kCi|TBq|abbr=on}}
 | <ref name=LT_150 /><ref name=LT_148 /><ref name=LT_6 /><ref name=LT_1 />
 | LLNL Linear implosion. ENS initiated.
 |-
 ! ''[[Operation Teapot#MET|MET]]''
 | {{dts|1955|4|15}} 19:00:15.3
 | style="text-align:center;" | PST (−8 h)<br /> || [[Nevada National Security Site|NTS]] Area 5 {{coord|36.798|-115.9298|name=MET|display=inline}}
 | {{sort|001060|}}{{convert|940|m|abbr=on}} + {{convert|120|m|abbr=on}}
 | tower
 | weapon effect
 | 
 | style="text-align:center;" | {{sort|000220000|22&nbsp;kt}}
 | I-131 venting detected, {{convert|3.1|MCi|PBq|abbr=on}}
 | <ref name=LT_150 /><ref name=LT_148 /><ref name=LT_6 /><ref name=LT_1 /><ref name=LT_24 />
 | "Military Effects Tower". Supposed to be a standard effects test, LASL clandestinely substituted experimental U233/Pu core, thus undershot estimated yield by a third. Desert Rock VI.
 |-
 ! ''[[Operation Teapot#Apple-2|Apple-2]]''
 | {{dts|1955|5|5}} 12:00:10.0
 | style="text-align:center;" | PST (−8 h)<br /> || [[Nevada National Security Site|NTS]] Area 1 {{coord|37.053|-116.1034|name=Apple-2|display=inline}}
 | {{sort|001444|}}{{convert|1294|m|abbr=on}} + {{convert|150|m|abbr=on}}
 | tower
 | weapons development
 | 
 | style="text-align:center;" | {{sort|000290000|29&nbsp;kt}}
 | I-131 venting detected, {{convert|4.1|MCi|PBq|abbr=on}}
 | <ref name=LT_150 /><ref name=LT_148 /><ref name=LT_6 /><ref name=LT_1 />
 | Retry of Apple-1. Desert Rock VI. Operation Cue, [[civil defense]] exercise.
 |-
 ! ''Zucchini''
 | {{dts|1955|5|15}} 11:59:59.9
 | style="text-align:center;" | PST (−8 h)<br /> || [[Nevada National Security Site|NTS]] Area 7 {{coord|37.0947|-116.0248|name=Zucchini|display=inline}}
 | {{sort|001444|}}{{convert|1294|m|abbr=on}} + {{convert|150|m|abbr=on}}
 | tower
 | weapons development
 | 
 | style="text-align:center;" | {{sort|000280000|28&nbsp;kt}}
 | I-131 venting detected, {{convert|4|MCi|PBq|abbr=on}}
 | <ref name=LT_150 /><ref name=LT_148 /><ref name=LT_6 /><ref name=LT_1 />
 | Test of Class D primary/secondary system.
 |}
'''Table notes:'''
{{reflist|group=note}}

==Gallery==
<gallery class="center" widths="220">
TeapotHornet.gif|Teapot-''Hornet'', 4-kilotons
File:TeapotBee.gif|Teapot-''Bee'', 8-kilotons 
File:TeapotTurk.gif|Teapot-''Turk'', 43-kilotons
File:TeapotTurkClose.gif|Teapot-''Turk'', close-up of fireball within first few milliseconds of detonations
File:Teapot Moth 001.jpg|Teapot-''Moth'', 2-kilotons
File:TeapotESS.gif|"Effects Sub-surface". Test for ADM (Atomic Demolition Munition)
File:Operation Teapot - Ess.jpg|Teapot-''ESS'', 1-kiloton
File:NNSA-NSO-371.jpg|One of the shot-towers of the Teapot test, unknown device
File:Operation Teapot Colorised - MET (Military Effects Test).jpg|Teapot-''MET'' (Military Effects Test), 22-kilotons 
</gallery>

==See also==

* [[List of United States' nuclear weapons tests]]

==References==

{{reflist|refs=
<ref name=LT_1>{{citation| last1=Yang| first1=Xiaoping| first2=Robert| last2=North| first3=Carl| last3=Romney| date=August 2000| title=CMR Nuclear Explosion Database (Revision 3)| publisher=SMDC Monitoring Research}}</ref>
<ref name=LT_150>{{citation| chapter-url=https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/causes-prevention/risk/radiation/i131-report-and-appendix| access-date=January 5, 2014| title=Estimated exposures and thyroid doses received by the American people from Iodine-131 in fallout following Nevada atmospheric nuclear bomb tests| chapter=2| publisher=National Cancer Institute| year=1997}}</ref>
<ref name=LT_148>{{citation| url=http://www.nuclearweaponarchive.org/Usa/Tests| access-date=January 6, 2014| last=Sublette| first=Carey| title=Nuclear Weapons Archive}}</ref>
<ref name=LT_6>{{citation| publisher=Department of Energy, Nevada Operations Office| date=December 1, 2000| title=United States Nuclear Tests: July 1945 through September 1992| type=DOE/NV-209 REV15| location=Las Vegas, NV| url=http://www.nv.doe.gov/library/publications/historical/DOENV_209_REV15.pdf| access-date=December 18, 2013| url-status=dead| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061012160826/http://www.nv.doe.gov/library/publications/historical/DOENV_209_REV15.pdf| archive-date=October 12, 2006}}</ref>
<ref name=LT_24>{{citation| last=Hansen| first=Chuck| year=1995| title=The Swords of Armageddon, Vol. 8| publisher=Chukelea Publications| location=Sunnyvale, CA| isbn=978-0-9791915-1-0}}</ref>
}}
{{refbegin}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20130408131813/http://www.dtic.mil/cgi-bin/GetTRDoc?AD=AD0340137 Operation Teapot Project 5.4 Evaluation of fireball lethality using basic missile structures(C)]
{{refend}}

==External links==
{{Commonscat}}
* {{Internet Archive short film|id=gov.archives.arc.2569578|name=Big Picture: The Atom Soldier}}
* {{Internet Archive short film|id=gov.doe.0800017|name=Nuclear Test Film – Operation Teapot (1954)}}
* {{Internet Archive short film|id=Operatio1955|name=Operation Cue (1955) }}
* {{Internet Archive short film|id=gov.archives.arc.2569661|name=Big Picture: Individual Protection Against Atomic Attack}}
* NPR web page: effect on commercial beverages [https://www.npr.org/blogs/krulwich/2012/09/18/161338723/u-s-explodes-atomic-bombs-near-beers-to-see-if-they-are-safe-to-drink]
*[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uYbNlgQyz84 YouTube – Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL): "Operation Teapot − Turk 28112" video]
*[https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLvGO_dWo8VfcmG166wKRy5z-GlJ_OQND5 YouTube – Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory Channel: LLNL Atmospheric Nuclear Tests website] – ''all uploaded LLNL videos of tests between 1945 and 1962, including 28 of Operation Teapot''.

{{Nuclear weapons tests of the United States}}

[[Category:Nevada Test Site nuclear explosive tests|Teapot]]
[[Category:1955 in military history]]
[[Category:1955 in Nevada]]
[[Category:1955 in the environment]]
[[Category:1955 disasters in the United States]]
[[Category:Explosions in 1955]]
[[Category:Articles containing video clips]]