Editing Orbitz

{{short description|Web-based travel fare aggregator service}}
{{for-multi|the soft drink|Orbitz (drink)|other uses}}

{{Infobox company
| name = Orbitz Worldwide, Inc.
| logo = Orbitz logo.svg
| type = [[Subsidiary]]
| key_people = [[Mark Okerstrom]] ([[President (corporate title)|president]] and [[CEO]] [[Expedia Group]])
| foundation = {{Start date and age|2001|6}}<ref name=10K/>
| location_city = [[500 West Madison]], [[Chicago]], [[Illinois]]
| location_country = United States
| industry = [[Travel agency|Travel services]]
| revenue = $932 million (2014)<ref name=10K/>
| num_employees = 1,530 (2014)<ref name=10K>[https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1394159/000139415915000045/oww1231201410k.htm ORBITZ WORLDWIDE, INC. 2014 Form 10-K Annual Report]</ref>
| parent = [[Expedia Group]]
| homepage = {{URL|orbitz.com}}
}}

[[File:CitigroupCenterChicago.jpg|thumb|[[Citigroup Center (Chicago)|Citigroup Center]], which houses the company headquarters]]
 
'''Orbitz.com''' is a [[Travel website#Fare aggregators and metasearch engines|travel fare aggregator website]] and travel [[metasearch engine]]. The website is owned by Orbitz Worldwide, Inc., a subsidiary of [[Expedia Group]]. It is headquartered in the [[Citigroup Center (Chicago)|Citigroup Center, Chicago, Illinois]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://press.orbitz.com/phoenix.zhtml?c=251693&p=irol-contact |title=Orbitz Worldwide: Contact Us |access-date=2017-02-26 |archive-date=2016-02-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160222060555/http://press.orbitz.com/phoenix.zhtml?c=251693&p=irol-contact |url-status=dead }}</ref>

==Background==
Originally established through a partnership of major airlines, and subsequently owned by various entities, Orbitz.com – the flagship brand of Orbitz Worldwide – has been in operation since 2001. Other Orbitz Worldwide online travel companies include [[CheapTickets]] in the Americas; [[ebookers]] in Europe; and HotelClub and RatestoGo, based in Sydney. Orbitz Worldwide also owns and operates Orbitz for Business, a corporate travel company.{{Original research inline|date=February 2022}}

Orbitz was the airline industry's response to the rise of online travel agencies such as [[Expedia]] and [[Travelocity]], as well as a solution{{solution-inline|date=May 2020}} to lower airline distribution costs. [[Continental Airlines]], [[Delta Air Lines]], [[Northwest Airlines]], and [[UAL Corporation|United Airlines]], subsequently joined by [[American Airlines]], invested a combined $145 million to start the project in November 1999. It was code-named T2, some claimed meaning "Travelocity Terminator", but adopted the brand name Orbitz when it commenced corporate operations as DUNC, LLC (the initials of its first four founding airlines) in February 2000. The company began [[beta test]]ing early the next year, and Orbitz.com officially launched in June 2001.<ref>{{cite web | title=FundingUniverse | url=http://www.fundinguniverse.com/company-histories/orbitz-inc-history/ | publisher=FundingUniverse | access-date=February 27, 2012}}</ref><ref name=10K/>

==Antitrust concerns==
Before, during, and two years after launching the site, the company faced antitrust criticism since its creators controlled 75% of U.S. air travel. The [[United States Department of Transportation]] saw no antitrust issues with the launch of the Orbitz website. The [[United States Department of Justice]] ruled in 2003 that Orbitz was not a [[cartel]] and that there was no evidence of price fixing.<ref>{{Cite news | url=https://www.fool.com/investing/general/2013/11/16/5-thing-you-didnt-know-about-orbitz.aspx | title=4 Things You Didn't Know About Orbitz | first=Natalie | last=O'Reilly | work=[[The Motley Fool]] | date=November 16, 2013}}</ref>

Nielsen's Net rating division that the launch of the Orbitz website in June 2001 was the biggest e-commerce launch ever to that date.<ref>{{cite news | title=NetRatings: Orbitz is Web's biggest e-commerce launch | url=https://www.computerworld.com/article/2582848/netratings--orbitz-is-web-s-biggest-e-commerce-launch.html | first= Jennifer | last=DiSabatino | work=[[Computerworld]] | date=July 11, 2001}}</ref>

==Ownership history==
In November 2003, Orbitz filed paperwork to sell shares at between $22 and $24 each in an [[initial public offering]].<ref>{{cite news | author=Ari Weinberg | url=https://www.forbes.com/2003/11/26/cx_aw_1126orbitz.html | title=Will Orbitz's IPO Fly? | work=[[Forbes Magazine]] | access-date=August 29, 2015}}</ref> The company went public on December 18, 2003 at a price per share of $26. After the IPO, the airlines held 70% of the outstanding stock and over 90% of the voting power.<ref>{{cite web | last=Taulli | first=Tom | url=https://www.fool.com/investing/general/2003/12/18/orbitz-loses-altitude.aspx | title=Orbitz Loses Altitude | publisher=[[The Motley Fool]] | date=2003-12-18 | access-date=2012-10-23}}</ref>

On September 29, 2004, Orbitz was acquired for $1.25 billion by [[New York City]]-based [[Cendant]] Corporation. Cendant paid $27.50 per share.<ref>{{cite press release | url=http://press.orbitz.com/phoenix.zhtml?c=251693&p=irol-newsArticle&ID=1795432 | title=Cendant Corporation Agrees to Acquire Orbitz, Inc. for $1.25 Billion; $1.05 Billion Net of Acquired Cash | publisher=Orbitz | date=September 29, 2004}}</ref>

In 2006, [[The Blackstone Group]] acquired [[Travelport]], the travel distribution services business of Cendant, for $4.3 billion in cash. At the time, Travelport included the Orbitz travel reservation website used by consumers, the Galileo computer reservations system used by airlines and thousands of travel agents, Gulliver's Travels and Associates wholesale travel business, and other travel related software brands and solutions.{{solution-inline|date=May 2020}}<ref>{{cite press release | url=http://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/affiliate-of-blackstone-group-completes-acquisition-of-cendants-travelport-subsidiary-43-billion-transaction-represents-pe-firms-largest-equity-investment-in-the-technology-sector-56231172.html | title=Affiliate of Blackstone Group Completes Acquisition of Cendant's Travelport Subsidiary; $4.3 Billion Transaction Represents PE Firm's Largest Equity Investment in the Technology Sector | publisher=[[PRNewswire]] | date=August 23, 2006}}</ref>

Travelport announced in May 2007 that it had filed a registration statement with the [[U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission]] to sell a portion of Orbitz Worldwide in an [[initial public offering]] (IPO). Travelport said it planned to use a portion of the proceeds to pay down its debt. Trading began on July 20, 2007, and the IPO transaction closed on July 25, 2007. Travelport owned approximately 48 percent of Orbitz Worldwide following the IPO.<ref>[https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1386355/000095012311085923/y92518exv99w1.htm PREPETITION SOLICITATION OF VOTES WITH RESPECT TO PREPACKAGED PLAN OF REORGANIZATION]</ref>

In February 2015, Expedia announced that it would acquire Orbitz for $1.6 billion in cash, to better compete with [[Priceline.com]]. The deal was announced a few days after Expedia agreed to purchase [[Travelocity]].<ref>[https://techcrunch.com/2015/02/12/expedia-buys-orbitz-for-1-6b-in-cash-to-square-up-to-priceline/ "Expedia Buys Orbitz For $1.6B In Cash To Square Up To Priceline"], techcrunch.com, February 12, 2015; accessed February 27, 2012.</ref><ref>{{cite news | url=https://techcrunch.com/2015/02/12/expedia-buys-orbitz-for-1-6b-in-cash-to-square-up-to-priceline/ | title=Expedia Buys Orbitz For $1.6B In Cash To Square Up To Priceline | author=Ingrid Lunden | publisher=[[TechCrunch]] | date=February 12, 2015}}</ref>

==Technologies==
Orbitz ran on a mixed [[Red Hat Linux]]<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.networkcomputing.com/networking/orbitz-linux-delivers-double-performance-one-tenth-cost/1211827095 | title=At Orbitz, Linux Delivers Double the Performance At One-Tenth the Cost | publisher=Network Computing | date=November 23, 2003}}</ref> and [[Solaris (operating system)|Solaris]] based platform and was an early adopter of [[Sun Microsystems]]' [[Jini]]<ref>{{cite web | author=Carol Sliwa | url=http://www.computerworld.com/article/2566374/app-development/have-jini--will-travel.html | title=Have Jini, will travel | publisher=Computerworld | date=September 6, 2004 | access-date=2012-08-02}}</ref> platform in a [[Computer cluster|clustered]] [[Java (programming language)|Java]] environment. [[JBoss]] is used as application servers within their environment, along with various other [[Proprietary software|proprietary]] and [[Open-source software|open source]] software.<ref>{{cite web | last=Gruman | first=Galen | url=http://www.infoworld.com/article/2655170/application-development/orbitz-gets-up-and-running-fast-with-open-source.html | title=Orbitz gets up and running fast with open source | publisher=[[InfoWorld]] | date=2006-04-03 | access-date=2012-08-02}}</ref> Orbitz licenses [[ITA Software|ITA Software's]] [[Lisp (programming language)|Lisp]]-powered QPX software to power their site. Orbitz Worldwide brands have been migrated to a common technology platform, which enables the same platform to service multiple travel brands in multiple languages in different markets and currencies as well. Orbitz has released parts of its [[Complex event processing]] infrastructure as Open Source.<ref>{{cite web | last=Asay | first=Matt | url=https://www.cnet.com/news/orbitz-paves-the-way-to-enterprise-open-source-contributions/ | title=Orbitz paves the way to enterprise open-source contributions | publisher=[[CNET]] | date=2008-06-27 | access-date=2012-08-02}}</ref>

==Controversies==
===Southwest Airlines===
[[Southwest Airlines]] filed a lawsuit against Orbitz for [[trademark]] infringement and [[false advertising]] in May 2001. Southwest, which had opposed the project from the outset,{{Clarify|date=August 2015}} claimed Orbitz misrepresented its prices and used its trademarks without permission. In July, it withdrew its fares from [[Airline Tariff Publishing Company]], the entity that distributes fare information to Orbitz and others, and dropped its case against Orbitz. Southwest went on to remove themselves from every other online outlet except their own. In June 2008, Orbitz For Business became one of the first Online Travel Agents to offer Southwest flights on the Orbitz For Business website.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://peanuts.aero/low_cost_airline_news/airline/10690//Southwest+Airlines+added+to+Orbitz+for+Business+ | title=Center for Asia Pacific Aviation | publisher=Peanuts.aero | date=1999-03-26 | access-date=2012-10-23}}</ref>

===WebLoyalty===
In July 2009, [[CNET]] revealed that Orbitz, along with other popular consumer websites [[Buy.com]] and [[Fandango (ticket service)|Fandango]], have been routinely giving post-transaction marketers access to their customers' credit cards. The [[Senate Commerce Committee]] investigating these companies has described their services as a "scam".<ref name=scam>{{cite web | url=http://news.cnet.com/8301-1009_3-10403286-83.html | title=E-tailers snagged in marketing 'scam' blame customers|date=November 23, 2009 | author=Greg Sandoval | publisher=[[CNET]] | access-date=2009-08-22}}</ref> The [[scam]] works by charging a monthly fee (many users report a $12 charge from Reservation Rewards or [[Webloyalty]] showing up on their credit card statements) that is piggybacked{{clarify|date=September 2015}} with the Orbitz sale (as it stands, Orbitz [[Terms of Service]] agreement currently allows them to share customers' credit card information with third parties for their own uses). Orbitz claims to have ended its affiliation with the controversial marketer, and further claims not to share consumer credit card information with third parties ''any more''.{{citation needed|date=September 2013}}

===''Milgram v. Orbitz''===
In 2009, the state of [[New Jersey]] filed a lawsuit against the company alleging violation of their Consumer Fraud Act surrounding events with a [[Bruce Springsteen]] concert, where tickets were allegedly offered for sale on their website which did not actually exist. The court in ''[[Milgram v. Orbitz]]'' granted summary judgment for Orbitz, finding that [[Section 230]] of the [[Communications Decency Act]] preempted the state law consumer fraud claims.<ref>[http://www.philly.com/philly/news/20100901_N_J__judge_dismisses_lawsuit_over_concert-ticket_sales.html "N.J. judge dismisses lawsuit over concert-ticket sales"], David Porter, A.P. Philadelphia Inquirer, September 1, 2001; accessed September 8, 2010.</ref>

===American Airlines===
In December 2010, American Airlines temporarily ceased offering fares through Orbitz following pressure from American to convince Orbitz to use its AA Direct Connect electronic transaction system.<ref>[https://www.chicagotribune.com/2010/12/21/american-airlines-pulls-fare-data-from-orbitz-site/ "American Airlines pulls fare data from Orbitz site"], ''Chicago Tribune'', December 22, 2010.</ref> AA tried to establish that Direct Connect would have full control over the distribution of its products and reduce GDS segment fees. Furthermore, Direct Connect enables AA to sell [[ancillary revenue|ancillary services]] to its customers.<ref>Strauss, Michael (2010): [https://www.amazon.com/dp/0557612462 Value Creation in Travel Distribution]</ref> American was later ordered by an Illinois Court to resume offering fares and flight schedules.<ref>[http://chicago.cbslocal.com/2011/06/01/american-airlines-court-ordered-back-on-orbitz-website "American Airlines Court Ordered Back Upon Orbitz Websites"], CBS Local, June 1, 2011.</ref> The court order came only days after American released a video jabbing Orbitz on YouTube.<ref>{{Cite news | url=https://www.phocuswire.com/American-Airlines-jabs-Orbitz-on-YouTube | title=American Airlines jabs Orbitz on YouTube" | first=Dennis | last=Schaal | work=Phocuswire | date=May 31, 2011}}</ref>

===Media Matters' "War on Fox"===
[[Media Matters]] runs a website called DropFox.com, aiming to get advertisers to boycott [[Fox News]]. Orbitz initially referred to Media Matters' efforts as a "smear campaign",<ref name=Bond>{{cite news|last=Bond|first=Paul|title=Orbitz Backs Fox News Channel Amid Media Matters' 'Smear Campaign' | url=http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/orbitz-backs-fox-news-channel-190372 | access-date=May 28, 2011 | newspaper=The Hollywood Reporter|date=May 19, 2011}}</ref> but agreed, on June 9, 2011, following a three-week campaign by prominent LGBT organizations, to "review the policies and process used to evaluate where advertising is placed".<ref>{{cite web | url=http://miamiherald.typepad.com/gaysouthflorida/2011/06/orbitz-agrees-to-review-advertising-policy-on-fox-news-channel-following-campaign-by-lgbt-groups.html | title=Orbitz agrees to review advertising policies following campaign by LGBT groups | publisher=Miamiherald.typepad.com | access-date=2013-11-28}}</ref>

===Skiplagged lawsuit===
In 2014, Orbitz and [[United Airlines]] initiated a federal lawsuit against 22-year-old [[Skiplagged]] founder Aktarer Zaman.<ref>[http://web.mit.edu/mherdeg/Public/14-cv-09214/1-complaint.pdf "Case: 1:14-cv-09214"]</ref><ref>[https://www.usatoday.com/story/todayinthesky/2015/01/02/skiplagged-orbitz-united-lawsuit/21187949/ "Supporters donate thousands to Skiplagged defense fund"]</ref><ref>[http://www.businessinsider.com/founder-fights-united-orbitz-lawsuit-2014-12 "This 22-Year-Old Computer Whiz Figured Out How To Game Airlines — Now Orbitz and United Are Suing Him"]</ref> The complaint alleges that Zaman "intentionally and maliciously" interfered with airline industry business relationships "by promoting prohibited forms of travel" which violate the common carrier contract with passengers.<ref>[https://www.bloomberg.com/news/2014-11-18/united-orbitz-sue-travel-site-over-hidden-city-ticketing-1-.html "United, Orbitz Sue Travel Site Over ‘Hidden City’ Tickets"], bloomberg.com; accessed August 19, 2015.</ref> The complaint is centered on airline policies against [[Airline booking ploys#Hidden-city ticketing|hidden city tickets]]. Although the hidden-city practice itself is not illegal,<ref>[https://www.yahoo.com/travel/no-more-flying-and-dashing-airlines-sue-over-hidden-103205483587.html "No More Flying and Dashing? Airlines Sue Over Hidden City Ticketing"], yahoo.com; accessed August 19, 2015.</ref> the complaint alleged that Zaman's website is disruptive to their business. The lawsuit was dismissed.<ref>{{Cite news|url = https://money.cnn.com/2014/12/29/news/united-orbitz-sue-skiplagged-22/|title = Why is United Airlines suing a 22-year-old?|last = Gillespie|first = Patrick|date = 2014-12-30|work = CNN Money|access-date = 2014-12-30|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20141230081536/https://money.cnn.com/2014/12/29/news/united-orbitz-sue-skiplagged-22|archive-date = 2014-12-30|url-status = live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url = https://money.cnn.com/2015/12/31/investing/aktarer-zaman-how-i-beat-united-airlines/|title = How a 23-year-old beat United Airlines|last = Gillespie|first = Patrick|date = 2015-12-31|work = CNN Money|access-date = 2017-04-05}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist|2}}

==Sources==
* {{cite web | title=ORBZ Securities Registration Statement (S-1/A) | date=July 3, 2002 | url=https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1173495/000091205702026478/a2081280zs-1a.htm}}
* {{cite news | title=Will Orbitz's IPO Fly? | date=November 26, 2003 | url=https://www.forbes.com/2003/11/26/cx_aw_1126orbitz.html | work=Forbes | first=Ari | last=Weinberg}}
* {{cite news | title=Orbitz IPO Soars | date=December 18, 2003 | url=http://www.bizjournals.com/atlanta/stories/2003/12/15/daily27.html}}
* {{cite web | title=Orbitz doesn't take off on first trade day | date=January 16, 2004  | url=https://www.cnet.com/news/orbitz-doesnt-take-off-on-first-trade-day/}}
* {{cite web | title=Orbitz Loses Altitude | date=December 18, 2003 | url=http://www.fool.com/news/commentary/2003/commentary031218tt.htm}}
* {{cite web | title=Cendant Corporation Completes Acquisition of Orbitz | date=November 12, 2004 | url=http://pressroom.orbitz.com/ReleaseDetail.cfm?ReleaseID=148156}}
* {{cite web | title=Carl de Marcken: Inside Orbitz | date=January 12, 2001 | url=http://www.paulgraham.com/carl.html}}

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