Editing Ordino

{{Short description|Parish in northern Andorra}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name               = Ordino
| image_skyline      = HPIM0307.JPG
| image_caption      = Carrer Major and main street of Ordino town.
| image_flag         = Flag of Ordino.svg
| image_shield       = Escut d'Ordino.svg
| shield_size        = 80px
| image_map          = 
| mapsize            = 100px
| pushpin_map        = Andorra
| pushpin_image      = Ordino in Andorra.svg
| pushpin_label_position = 
| pushpin_map_caption = Location of Ordino town within Andorra
| pushpin_mapsize    = 
| map_caption        = Position of Ordino parish in Andorra
| subdivision_type   = [[Countries of the world|Country]]
| subdivision_type1  = [[Parishes of Andorra|Parishes]]
| subdivision_type2  = Villages
| subdivision_name   = [[Andorra]]
| subdivision_name1  = Ordino
| subdivision_name2  = [[Ansalonga]], [[Arans]], [[Arcalís (Andorra)|Arcalís]], [[El Serrat]], [[La Cortinada]], [[Les Salines]], [[Llorts]], [[Segudet]], [[Sornàs]]
| leader_party       = [[Democrats for Andorra|DA]]
| leader_title       = Mayor
| leader_name        = Maria del Mar Coma
| area_magnitude     = 
| area_total_km2     = 85
| area_land_km2      = 
| area_water_km2     = 
| population_as_of   = 2017
| population_note    = 
| population_total   = 4858
| population_metro   = 
| population_density_km2 = 57.15
| population_demonym = Ordinenc, Ordinenca
| timezone           = 
| utc_offset         = 
| timezone_DST       = 
| utc_offset_DST     = 
| coordinates        = {{coord|42|33|18|N|1|31|59|E|region:AD|display=inline,title}}
| coor_pinpoint      = Ordino town
| elevation_m        = 1300
| elevation_max_m    = 
| elevation_min_m    = 
| postal_code        = AD300
| website            = [http://www.ordino.ad/ Official site]
| footnotes          = 
}}
'''Ordino''' ({{IPA|ca|oɾˈðino}}) is the most northerly [[parishes of Andorra|parish]] in the Principality of [[Andorra]]. It's mostly the main area of [[Valira del Nord]] or ''Valira d'Ordino'' river valley. Ordino is also the name of the main town of the parish. Other settlements in the parish are [[El Serrat]], [[Ansalonga]], [[Sornàs]], [[La Cortinada]], [[Llorts]], [[Segudet]], [[Arans]], [[Les Salines]] and [[Arcalís (Andorra)|Arcalís]]. It is home to the [[Sorteny National Park]], the largest nature area of Andorra. It has a population of 4,858, as of 2017. The town preserves a vast medieval center, mainly linked to the culture of the country.

Ordino is a [[Man and the Biosphere Programme|Biosphere Reserve]] by [[UNESCO]] since 2020 and has been recognized in 2023 as Best Tourism Village by [[UN Tourism]].

==Geography==
The parish has borders with France ([[Occitania]]) and also with the parishes of [[La Massana]], [[Canillo]], and [[Encamp]]. The only main road and only all year external link is the CG-3 leading to the neighbouring parish of La Massana. With 85&nbsp;km<sup>2</sup> is the third largest parish after [[Canillo]] and [[Encamp]].

The town of Ordino lies on the footslopes of [[Casamanya]] (2740&nbsp;m), a mountain which has spectacular panoramic views from its summit being located almost exactly in the centre of Andorra.<ref name="casam">[http://www.passportnewsletter.com/destinations5a.cfm?ID=16258 Hiking the Eastern Pyrenees, Peter Dunkley], ''Passport Newsletter'', February 2009,  Editor K. Petchenik, Remy Publishing</ref>

===Climate===
Ordino has an [[oceanic climate]] ([[Köppen climate classification]] ''Cfb''). The average annual temperature in Ordino is {{cvt|8.0|C}}. The average annual rainfall is {{cvt|942.4|mm}} with May as the wettest month. The temperatures are highest on average in July, at around {{cvt|15.9|C}}, and lowest in January, at around {{cvt|1.5|C}}. The highest temperature ever recorded in Ordino was {{cvt|32.9|C}} on 18 August 2012; the coldest temperature ever recorded was {{cvt|-18.9|C}} on 23 February 2005.
{{Weather box
|location= Ordino (1981–2010 averages, extremes 1999−2019)
|metric first= Y
|single line= Y
|Jan record high C = 18.5
|Feb record high C = 19.2
|Mar record high C = 21.5
|Apr record high C = 24.8
|May record high C = 28.3
|Jun record high C = 30.2
|Jul record high C = 32.0
|Aug record high C = 32.9
|Sep record high C = 31.0
|Oct record high C = 27.1
|Nov record high C = 21.3
|Dec record high C = 17.1
|year record high C = 32.9
|Jan high C = 6.8
|Feb high C = 7.3
|Mar high C = 9.8
|Apr high C = 11.6
|May high C = 16.1
|Jun high C = 21.3
|Jul high C = 23.4
|Aug high C = 23.1
|Sep high C = 19.5
|Oct high C = 14.9
|Nov high C = 9.1
|Dec high C = 6.7
|year high C = 14.2
|Jan mean C = 1.5
|Feb mean C = 1.7
|Mar mean C = 3.9
|Apr mean C = 6.0
|May mean C = 9.8
|Jun mean C = 13.9
|Jul mean C = 15.9
|Aug mean C = 15.6
|Sep mean C = 12.5
|Oct mean C = 9.1
|Nov mean C = 3.8
|Dec mean C = 1.6
|year mean C = 8.0
|Jan low C = -3.9
|Feb low C = -3.8
|Mar low C = -2.0
|Apr low C = 0.5
|May low C = 3.6
|Jun low C = 6.5
|Jul low C = 8.3
|Aug low C = 8.1
|Sep low C = 5.5
|Oct low C = 3.0
|Nov low C = -1.4
|Dec low C = -3.6
|year low C = 1.8
|Jan record low C = -16.6
|Feb record low C = -18.9
|Mar record low C = -16.6
|Apr record low C = -7.1
|May record low C = -3.9
|Jun record low C = -0.7
|Jul record low C = -0.6
|Aug record low C = 0.3
|Sep record low C = -4.2
|Oct record low C = -7.0
|Nov record low C = -14.1
|Dec record low C = -14.5
|year record low C = -18.9
|precipitation colour = green
|Jan precipitation mm = 59.3
|Feb precipitation mm = 51.6
|Mar precipitation mm = 72.8
|Apr precipitation mm = 101.0
|May precipitation mm = 109.6
|Jun precipitation mm = 101.5
|Jul precipitation mm = 75.6
|Aug precipitation mm = 75.0
|Sep precipitation mm = 74.0
|Oct precipitation mm = 86.3
|Nov precipitation mm = 86.0
|Dec precipitation mm = 49.7
|year precipitation mm = 942.4
|unit precipitation days = 1.0 mm
|Jan precipitation days = 8.1
|Feb precipitation days = 7.7
|Mar precipitation days = 9.7
|Apr precipitation days = 12.2
|May precipitation days = 14.0
|Jun precipitation days = 9.0
|Jul precipitation days = 8.0
|Aug precipitation days = 8.3
|Sep precipitation days = 8.3
|Oct precipitation days = 10.1
|Nov precipitation days = 9.8
|Dec precipitation days = 7.0
|year precipitation days = 112.2
|Jan sun = 
|Feb sun = 
|Mar sun = 
|Apr sun = 
|May sun = 
|Jun sun = 
|Jul sun = 
|Aug sun = 
|Sep sun = 
|Oct sun = 
|Nov sun = 
|Dec sun = 
|year sun = 
|source 1 = [[Météo France]]<ref>{{cite web
| url = https://donneespubliques.meteofrance.fr/FichesClim/FICHECLIM_99130007.pdf
| title=Climate of Salines 1981-2010
| language = fr
| publisher = [[Météo-France]]
| access-date = June 8, 2022}}</ref>}}

==History==
[[File:Ordino_Church_2_Andorra.JPG|thumb|left|220px|The 12th century Romanesque ''Sant Corneli and Sant Cebrià'' church and bell tower in Ordino.]]
The etymological origin of the name of the parish Ordino and its capital is [[Iberians|pre-Roman]], and it is documented for the first time in the ''Acta de Consagració i Dotació de la Catedral de la Seu d'Urgell'' (Deed of Consecration and Endowment of the Cathedral of La Seu d'Urgell), during the 9th century, as ''Hordinavi'' or ''Sant Cebrià d'Hordinavi''.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.elcami.cat/pobles/ordino|title=Població Ordino del camí|website=www.elcami.cat}}</ref>

Ordino is historically known for its ironworks of the 16th century, especially ''Farga del Serrat'' and ''Farga de l'Areny''. Besides being the industrial center of Andorra, Ordino is considered the cultural center of Andorra. Here [[Culture of Andorra#Literature|Antoni Fiter i Rossell]] wrote the ''Manual Digest'' (1748), called the "Bible of Andorra," which tells the story, the government and the Andorran customs.

The town of Ordino include the [[Església de Sant Corneli i Sant Cebrià d'Ordino|parish church of Sant Corneli i Sant Cebrià]], already mentioned in 839, was mainly built during the 12th and 13th centuries. The [[Església de Sant Martí de la Cortinada|Romanesque church of Sant Martí de la Cortinada]], with 12th-century murals, is also a good example of [[List of regional characteristics of Romanesque churches#Romanesque churches in Spain.2C Portugal and Andorra|romanesque Andorran art]].

[[Manor houses]] like Fiter-Riba or [[Casa Rossell]], which holds the original ''Manual Digest'' and [[Casa d'Areny-Plandolit|Areny-Plandolit family house]], owners of ''Farga de l'Areny'', represented the good society of Andorra between the 17th and 19th centuries. Both mansions were acquired in 1972 by [[General Council (Andorra)|Consell General]] and converted into an ethnological and historical museum.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.enciclopedia.cat/EC-GEC-0047505.xml|title=Ordino - enciclopèdia.cat|website=www.enciclopedia.cat}}</ref>
[[File:Areny-Plandolit casa Ordino (Andorra).jpg|thumb|left|220px|[[Casa d'Areny-Plandolit|Areny-Plandolit family house]] localed in Carrer Major d'Ordino.]]

The parish and town is the namesake of the Andorran legend [[El buner d'Ordino]], in which a bagpiper from Ordino, en route to a festival in [[Canillo]], is chased and treed by wolves, but frightens them off by playing his instrument.<ref name="RomànOliva2010">{{cite book|author1=Àlvar Valls Oliva - Roser Carol Romàn|author2=Àlvar Valls i Oliva|author3=Roser Carol i Romàn|title=Llegendes d'Andorra|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=grNP6uNi7OcC&pg=PA95|date=15 November 2010|publisher=L'Abadia de Montserrat|isbn=978-84-9883-340-9|pages=95–}}</ref>

==Culture==
Ordino has been part of the culture of Andorra and the [[Catalan language]] as major headquarter of [[Fundacio Ramon Llull]] (''[[Ramon Llull]] Foundation''), an international organization constituted in 2008 in order to promote Catalan language and culture internationally.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ccma.cat/324/Neix-la-Fundacio-Ramon-Llull/noticia/267235/|title=Neix la Fundació Ramon Llull|last=324cat|date=31 March 2008 }}</ref>

The National Auditorium of Andorra (Catalan: ''Auditori Nacional d'Andorra'') is located in Ordino town. The [[International Narciso Yepes Festival]], a series of classical music concerts, has been held there every October since 1983.<ref name="at1"/><ref name="va1"/> The festival was started by the late guitarist, [[Narciso Yepes]].<ref name="va1"/>

The Postal and Postcard Museum of Andorra (Catalan: ''Museu Postal d'Andorra'') and the Miniature Museum (Catalan: ''Museu de la Miniatura'') are localed in the parish of Ordino.

''La Ruta del Ferro'', which translates into English as the ''Iron Route'', is a cultural route of old iron ore mines and rural cottages across the [[Valira del Nord]], between [[Llorts]] and [[La Cortinada]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://visitandorra.com/en/nature/hiking-route-ruta-del-ferro/|title=Ruta del Ferro: Iron and nature in Andorra|website=Andorra Tourism}}</ref> It is part of the old road that the carriers used to carry the iron from the mines of Llorts to the ironwork forges of [[La Massana]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rutespirineus.cat/rutes/ruta-del-ferro-a-ordino-llorts-la-cortinada|title=Ruta del Ferro Andorra (Llorts-La Cortinada) - RUTES PIRINEUS|website=www.rutespirineus.cat}}</ref>
[[File:Pleta de Castellar.jpg|thumb|right|220px|Mountain cabin in ''Pleta del Castellar'', [[Vallnord|Arcalís]].]]
[[File:Paisatge d'Andorra.jpg|thumb|right|220px|View from Tristaina lakes of ''La Coma d'Ordino'' and [[Vallnord|Arcalís]].]]

===Events and festivities===
A festival deeply rooted in the town of Ordino is ''El Roser d'Ordino'' or ''The Rose Festival'', in which the processions and devotions during the month of July have given way to the Roses festival, a spring symbol linked to love, beauty and devotion. Traditionally, the day before the youth went to pick roses that grew in the fields and orchards, preparing the bouquets and placed in a basket that gave to women. The celebration was religious in the morning, in the afternoon there was a parade and a harvest (''La Plega del Carbassó'') and everything ended with a dance at night.<ref name="elcami.cat">{{cite web|url=http://www.elcami.cat/camipedia/calendari-de-festes-dordino|title=Contingut camipèdia - Calendari de Festes d'Ordino|website=www.elcami.cat}}</ref>

During two days, usually the first weekend of August, the streets of Ordino are filled with ''buners'', an aerophone instrument that receives a wide variety of names depending on the area (bag of moans, ''xeremia'', ''coixinera'', Ordino's bagpipe, bottle or cleat) and is a symbol of the parish by its [[El buner d'Ordino|legend]]. All events are popular, celebrated by local people and parishioners, who have gone from town to town and from a popular festival to a popular festival playing the bagpipes.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sanditz.com/location/ordino|title=Ordino, Andorra|website=www.sanditz.com}}</ref>

The sings of ''Caramelles'' (religious songs from the [[Old Catalonia]] sung during the [[Easter]]), and its dances, are also popular and traditional in the parish.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ordino.ad/ordino/tradicions-i-costums|title=Tradicions i costums — El web de la parròquia d'Ordino|website=www.ordino.ad}}</ref>

==Sports==
The Comú d'Ordino, the local government, has a sports center (CEO) with swimming pool, gym, squash, sauna and rock climbing wall; along with the CTEO sport center with indoor and outdoor fields. It's also the parish were the start and finish of [[Ultra Trail Andorra]] take place, one of the most important mountain trail races in Southern Europe. 
[[File:View of La Coma Arcalis Andorra.JPG|thumb|right|View from top of chairlift to ''Cota'' (2625m) overlooking ''La Coma'' part of the [[Vallnord|Arcalís]] ski resort.]]
[[FC Ordino]], founded in 2010, is one of the major sport clubs in the parish. The club's football section currently plays in [[Primera Divisió]], the Andorran Premier Division.

In the extreme northwest of the parish is the [[Vallnord|Vallnord (Ordino-Arcalis sector ski station)]] ski resort which has peaks up to 2,625&nbsp;m.<ref>[http://uk.travel.yahoo.com/ski-holidays/andorra/arcalis-ordino.html Ordino-Arcalis Ski Resort]{{Dead link|date=April 2019 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}, Yahoo.com</ref>

Vallnord is part of the annually [[Freeride World Tour]] ''El Dorado'' route since 2015, as part of the major ski events in Andorra; along with the [[International Ski Federation|FIS]] International Youth Trophy [[Trofeu Borrufa]] celebrated every January. The ski station has also hosted since 2005 main stages of the [[European Championships of Ski Mountaineering]] and [[World Championships of Ski Mountaineering]].<ref name="elcami.cat"/>

During summer the ski resort is open as bike park. In mountain biking, Vallnord was the venue for events during the [[2008 UCI Mountain Bike World Cup|2008]], [[2009 UCI Mountain Bike World Cup|2009]] and [[2013 UCI Mountain Bike World Cup]]. The [[2015 UCI Mountain Bike & Trials World Championships]] were held in Vallnord.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.uci.ch/mountain-bike/ucievents/2015-mountain-bike-uci-mountain-bike-trials-world-championships/351392715/|title=UCI Mountain Bike & Trials World Championships|work=Union Cycliste International|access-date=10 July 2016}}</ref>

In road cycling, Arcalis was used for a stage finish in the [[1994 Vuelta a España]], and Pal as a stage finish in the [[2010 Vuelta a España]]. Vallnord was used for stage finishes in the [[2007 Volta a Catalunya|2007]], [[2009 Volta a Catalunya|2009]] and [[2011 Volta a Catalunya]]. Stage 10 of the [[1997 Tour de France]], Stage 7 of the [[2009 Tour de France]] and Stage 9 of the [[2016 Tour de France]] also all finished at Arcalis.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.letour.com/le-tour/2016/us/stage-9.html|title=Stage 9: Vielha Val d'Aran / Andorre Arcalis|work=Tour de France|publisher=Amaury Sport Organisation|access-date=10 July 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160628235036/http://www.letour.com/le-tour/2016/us/stage-9.html|archive-date=28 June 2016|url-status=dead|df=dmy-all}}</ref>

The major national road [[bicycle touring]] event, ''La Volta als Ports'', finish in Arcalís. The race, also known as the [[Tour de France|Tour]] of the Andorran Passes or the Andorran [[Vuelta a España|Vuelta]], was developed during the mid-1970s and has become one of the largest cyclotourism road event in Southern Europe.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.active-traveller.com/stories/5-reasons-to-cycle-in-andorra|title=5 reasons to cycle in Andorra|first=Mike|last=Walker|website=Active-Traveller}}</ref>

== Environment ==
As of October 2020, Ordino is part of the [[Man and the Biosphere Programme|UNESCO's World Network of Biosphere Reserves]].<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-10-28|title=Twenty-five sites join UNESCO's World Network of Biosphere Reserves|url=https://en.unesco.org/news/twenty-five-sites-join-unescos-world-network-biosphere-reserves|access-date=2020-12-06|website=UNESCO|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-11-23|title=Ordino Biosphere Reserve, Andorra|url=https://en.unesco.org/biosphere/eu-na/ordino|access-date=2020-12-06|website=UNESCO|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=La Vall d'Ordino, nomenada Reserva de la Biosfera per la UNESCO — El web de la parròquia d'Ordino|url=https://www.ordino.ad/news/la-vall-dordino-ha-estat-nomenada-avui-reserva-de-la-biosfera-per-la-unesco|access-date=2020-12-06|website=www.ordino.ad|language=ca}}</ref>

==Gallery==
<gallery mode=packed>
File:Ordino e estrada a La Massana. Andorra 23.jpg| Ordino and road to La Massana
File:Comu d'Ordino.JPG|Ordino Town Hall
File:Hotel Casamanya (4).JPG|[[Noucentisme|Noucentist]] Hotel Casamanya
File:Vitrall16 1.jpg|National Auditorium Square by [[Domènec Fita i Molat]]
File:Vall de Sorteny (Ordino) - 40.jpg|[[Jacint Verdaguer]] statue
File:Cal Pal de la Cortinada 1.jpg|[[Cal Pal|Cal Pal de la Cortinada]]
File:Casa Blanca Segudet Ordino 01.jpg|[[Segudet|Casa Blanca de Segudet]]
File:Casa d'Areny-Plandolit (Ordino) - 2.jpg|[[Casa d'Areny-Plandolit|Areny-Plandolit Manor House]]
File:Vall de Sorteny (Ordino) - 35.jpg|[[Casa Rossell]]
File:San Martí de La Cortinada. Andorra 38.jpg|[[Església de Sant Martí de la Cortinada]]
File:Església de Sant Serni de Llorts 1.jpg|Old town of [[Llorts]]
File:Riu_de_Sorteny_-_2.jpg|Sorteny National Park
File:Massís del Casamanya - 12.jpg|Massís del Casamanya
File:Vista dunha granxa baixando desde Coll de Ordino a Canillo. Andorra 310.jpg|Coll d'Ordino
File:Pont romànic d'Ordino.JPG|Romanesque bridge of Ordino
File:El Rialb - 20.jpg|El Rialb
File:Angonella4.jpg|L'Angonella
File:Cabalo no alto da Coma. Andorra 298.jpg|La Coma
File:Pic de Font Blanca.jpg|Pic de la Font Blanca
</gallery>

==References==
{{Reflist|refs=
<ref name="at1">27è Festival Internacional Narciso Yepes, ''Associació Festivals d'Ordino'', [http://www.ordino.ad Comú d'Ordino], Andorra, October 2009. {{in lang|ca}}</ref>
<ref name="va1">[http://www.visualandorra.com/fr/ordino/ordino/festival-narciso-yepes-ordino/ Festival Internacional Narciso Yepes], ''Visual Andorra'', 2009. {{in lang|fr}}</ref>
}}

==External links==
{{Portal|Andorra}}
{{commons category-inline}}

{{Geographic location
 | Centre = [[File:Escut d'Ordino.svg|frameless|x17px|link=|alt=Coat of Arms of Ordino]] Ordino
 | N  = [[File:Blason département fr Ariège.svg|frameless|x17px|link=Ariège (department)|alt=Coat of Arms of Ariège]] [[Ariège (department)|Ariège]], [[France]]
 | NE = [[File:Blason département fr Ariège.svg|frameless|x17px|link=Ariège (department)|alt=Coat of Arms of Ariège]] [[Ariège (department)|Ariège]], [[France]]
 | E  = [[File:Escut de Canillo.svg|frameless|x17px|link=Canillo|alt=Coat of Arms of Canillo]] [[Canillo]]
 | SE = [[File:Escut d'Encamp.svg|frameless|x17px|link=Encamp|alt=Coat of Arms of Encamp]] [[Encamp]]
 | S  = [[File:Coat of Arms of La Massana.svg|frameless|x17px|link=La Massana|alt=Coat of Arms of La Massana]] [[La Massana]]
 | SW = [[File:Coat of Arms of La Massana.svg|frameless|x17px|link=La Massana|alt=Coat of Arms of La Massana]] [[La Massana]]
 | W  = [[File:Coat of Arms of La Massana.svg|frameless|x17px|link=La Massana|alt=Coat of Arms of La Massana]] [[La Massana]]
 | NW = [[File:Blason département fr Ariège.svg|frameless|x17px|link=Ariège (department)|alt=Coat of Arms of Ariège]] [[Ariège (department)|Ariège]], [[France]]
}}

{{Parishes of Andorra}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Ordino| ]]
[[Category:Parishes of Andorra]]
[[Category:Populated places in Andorra]]