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Ovality
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In [[telecommunications]] and [[fiber optics]], '''ovality''' or '''noncircularity''' is the degree of deviation from perfect circularity of the cross section of the core or cladding of the fiber. The cross-sections of the core and cladding are assumed to a first approximation to be elliptical, and ovality is defined to be twice the third [[flattening]] of the ellipse, <math>2\frac{a-b} {a+b}</math>, where ''a'' is the length of the major axis and ''b'' is the length of the minor axis. This dimensionless quantity is between {{math|0}} and {{math|1}}, and may be multiplied by {{math|100}} to express ovality as a percentage. Alternatively, ovality of the core or cladding may be specified by a [[tolerance field]] consisting of two concentric circles, within which the cross section boundaries must lie. In measurements, ovality is the amount of out-of-roundness of a hole or cylindrical part in the typical form of an oval. ==In chemistry== In [[computational chemistry]], especially in [[Quantitative structure–activity relationship|QSAR]]<ref name="isbn0-582-38210-6">{{cite book | author = Leach, Andrew R. | title = Molecular modelling: principles and applications | publisher = Prentice Hall | location = Englewood Cliffs, N.J | year = 2001 | isbn = 0-582-38210-6 }}</ref> studies, ovality<ref>{{cite book |last= Hehre |first= Warren J. |author2=William Sean Ohlinger |title= Spartan'10 Tutorial and User's Guide |publisher= Wavefunction, Inc. | location = Irvine, CA|year= 2008 |isbn= 1-890661-41-4}}</ref> refers to, a measure of how the shape of a molecule approaches a [[sphere]] (at one extreme) or a [[quantum electrodynamic threshold|cigar shape]] (at the other). Ovality is described by a ratio of volume to area: <math>O = \frac {A}{4\pi(\frac{3V}{4\pi})^{\frac 2 3}}</math> where: :O = Ovality :A = Area :V = Volume The ovality of the [[Helium atom|He atom]] is '''1.0''' and that of HC<sub>24</sub>H (12 triple bonds) is '''~1.7'''. ==See also== *[[Concentricity error]] *[[Roundness (object)]] ==References== <references/> *[[Federal Standard 1037C]] [[Category:Fiber optics]]
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