Editing Overdrawn at the Memory Bank

{{short description|1984 TV film directed by Doug Williams}}
{{Featured article}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=April 2025}}
{{Infobox television
| image              = Overdrawn.jpg
| image_upright      =
| image_size         = 
| image_alt          = 
| caption            = [[VHS]] cover
| genre              = [[Science fiction film|Science fiction]]
| based_on           = {{Based on|"Overdrawn at the Memory Bank"|[[John Varley (author)|John Varley]]}}
| teleplay           = [[Corinne Jacker]]
| director           = Douglas Williams
| starring           = {{plainlist|
*[[Raul Julia]]
* [[Linda Griffiths]]
* Wanda Cannon
* Donald C. Moore
* [[Louis Negin]]
* [[Chapelle Jaffe]]
* [[Jackie Burroughs]]
* [[Maury Chaykin]]
}}
| music              = John Tucker
| country            = {{plainlist|
* Canada
* United States}}
| language           = English
| executive_producer = 
| producer           = {{plainlist|
* [[Robert Lantos]]
* Stephen J. Roth
}}
| location           = <!-- Nation the series was filmed in, if different from the nation of origin. -->
| cinematography     = Barry Bergthorson
| editor             = Rit Wallis
| camera             = <!-- Either Single-camera or Multi-camera -->
| runtime            = 84 minutes
| company            = {{plainlist|
* [[WNET]]
* RSL Films, Ltd
}}
| released           = {{start date|1984|09|22}} 
}}

'''''Overdrawn at the Memory Bank''''' is a 1984 [[science fiction]] [[television film]] starring [[Raul Julia]] and [[Linda Griffiths]]. Based on the 1976 [[John Varley (author)|John Varley]] short story of the same name from the [[Eight Worlds]] series,{{sfn|Dick|2011|page=[https://books.google.ca/books?id=8KfEw-XMXiIC&pg=PA913 913]}}{{sfn|Ashley|2000|page=67}} the film takes place in a [[dystopian]] future where an employee at a [[Conglomerate (company)|conglomerate]] gets trapped inside the company's computer and ends up affecting the real world. It was co-produced by Canada's RSL Films, Ltd in [[Toronto]] and [[New York City|New York]] television station [[WNET]]. Because of its limited budget, the motion picture was shot on [[videotape]] instead of film and was pre-sold to small American [[cable television|cable]] companies.

It premiered on [[CBC Television]] in 1984 and was later broadcast on ''[[American Playhouse]]'' in 1985. The film received mixed reviews from critics. ''Overdrawn at the Memory Bank'' was featured in the eighth season finale episode of the comedy television series ''[[Mystery Science Theater 3000]]'' in 1997.

==Plot==
In a future [[dystopia]], Aram Fingal, a [[programmer]] working for the [[conglomerate (company)|conglomerate]] Novicorp, is caught watching ''[[Casablanca (film)|Casablanca]]'' at his [[workstation]]. As a consequence, the company assigns him mandatory [[prophylactic]] rehabilitation, where subjects are "[[Simulated reality|doppeled]]" into wild animals to experience relaxation. Aram is sent into a [[baboon]] where he is monitored by controller Apollonia James. Aram begins to enjoy the experience until he is threatened by an elephant shaking the tree he is perched on. He activates an escape clause that is supposed to return his mind to his real body. However, during his doppel preparation, the routing tag on Aram's body was misplaced. When no one can locate his body, Aram's mind must be kept active by storing it in Novicorp's central computer, the HX368, which controls everything from finances to the weather. His mind can only be maintained in the computer for a limited time before it is destroyed.

Aram's disappearance is reported to a rival corporation. The news is broadcast worldwide, causing Novicorp's [[share price]] to crash. [[Shareholders|Majority shareholders]] force Novicorp's chairman to divert resources to keep Aram alive and find his body. Apollonia is assigned to locate his mind and keep him from hacking into Novicorp's mainframe. With Apollonia's help, Aram creates a virtual world where he encounters characters from ''Casablanca'', including a version of [[Humphrey Bogart]]'s character, Rick. However, Aram quickly grows bored, and eventually plots a way to bring down Novicorp's finances without being removed and killed. Apollonia tries to keep him out of trouble, even placing herself in opposition to Novicorp's leaders. She eventually, despite the [[conflict of interest]], falls in love with Aram.

With Apollonia's help, Aram is finally able to "interface" with the mainframe and defeat his antagonists. He also returns to his body, which is discovered just before undergoing a [[Sex reassignment surgery|sex change]] operation. Finally corporeal and reunited with his accomplice, Aram has taken complete control of the HX368. After ordering bonuses and stocks for every employee, committing Novicorp's chairman to a month of "compulsory rehab" via doppeling, and changing both his and Apollonia's identities to those of Rick and Ilsa from ''Casablanca'', Aram vows to fight the dystopian government. The film ends with the new couple walking out the door and, now free from Novicorp's oppression, talking about opening a club on the other side of town: Rick's Place.

==Cast==
[[File:Linda Griffiths CTM interview 2013.jpg|thumb|right|[[Linda Griffiths]] in 2013]]
{{Div col|colwidth=25em}}
* [[Raul Julia]] as Aram Fingal/Rick Blaine
* [[Linda Griffiths]] as Apollonia James
* Donald C. Moore as Novicorp Chairman/The Fat Man 
* [[Wanda Cannon]] as Felicia Varley/Lola
* Helen Carscallen as Dr. Darwin
* [[Chapelle Jaffe]] as Djamilla
* [[Gary Farmer]] as Tooby
* [[Louis Negin]] as Pierre
* [[Maury Chaykin]] as Gondol<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.tcm.com/tcmdb/title/472916/overdrawn-at-the-memory-bank#credits |title=Overdrawn at the Memory Bank |website=TCM |access-date=January 23, 2021 |archive-date=April 18, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210418012049/https://www.tcm.com/tcmdb/title/472916/overdrawn-at-the-memory-bank#credits |url-status=live }}</ref>
{{div col end}}

==Production and release==
''Overdrawn at the Memory Bank'' was co-produced by [[New York City|New York]] television station [[WNET]] and [[Toronto]]-based production company RSL Films, Ltd. It was shot at Magder Studios and on-location in Toronto from August 20 to September 12, 1983.<ref>{{cite magazine|magazine=[[Cinema Canada]]|title=Production Guide|last1=Mehes|first1=Del|last2=Dorland|first2=Michael|issue=99|date=September 1983|pages=46–47|url=https://archive.org/details/cinema-canada-no.-99-september-1983/page/n45/mode/}}</ref> Co-producer Robert Lantos said that the film's budget "exceeded well into seven figures". To cover some of the costs, it was pre-sold to small American cable companies. The film was [[shot-on-video film|shot on videotape]], with Lantos claiming that if it had been shot on [[photographic film]], it would have been as expensive as ''[[Blade Runner]]''.<ref name=GlobeMail>{{cite news|newspaper=[[The Globe and Mail]]|title=PBS, Canadian firm co-produce film|last=Scott|first=Jay|date=August 18, 1983|page=19|via=ProQuest}}</ref> Douglas Williams directed the film and [[Corinne Jacker]] wrote the [[film treatment]].{{sfn|Menville|1985|page=[https://archive.org/details/futurevisionsnew0000menv/page/168/mode/2up 169]}}

The film premiered on [[CBC Television]] on September 22, 1984,<ref>{{cite news|title=Trudeau passes up 'Front Page Challenge'|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/66925813/the-gazette/|last=Schnurmacher|first=Thomas|work=[[Montreal Gazette]]|date=September 22, 1984|page=37|via=Newspapers.com|access-date=January 5, 2021}}</ref> later being shown on [[PBS]]{{'}}s anthology series ''[[American Playhouse]]'' on February 4, 1985.<ref name=Star>{{cite news|newspaper=[[Star Tribune]]|last=Coleman|first=Nick|title=Coleman: 'Overdrawn' is cross between Orwell and Vonnegut|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/66926173/star-tribune/|page=22|date=February 4, 1985|via=Newspapers.com}}</ref> It was broadcast in the United Kingdom on [[Channel 4]] in June 1990.<ref>[https://tvrdb.com/c4films/?id=4408 Channel Four Films: Overdrawn at the Memory Bank (1983)]: The Television & Radio Database</ref> The film was released on [[VHS]] by [[New World Pictures|New World Video]] and [[LaserDisc]] by [[Image Entertainment]].{{sfn|Stanley|1994|page=290}}

==Reception and legacy==
Tom Brinkmoeller for ''[[The Cincinnati Enquirer]]'' called ''Overdrawn at the Memory Bank'' a "tongue-in-cheek and imaginative 90-minute delight".<ref>{{cite news|title='Memory Bank' Plugs Into Draft of Laughs|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/66926572/the-cincinnati-enquirer/|last=Brinkmoeller|first=Tom|work=[[The Cincinnati Enquirer]]|date=February 3, 1985|page=22|via=Newspapers.com}}</ref> ''[[LA Weekly]]'', acknowledging the low production values, praised the film for its ideas and the strong romantic relationship between Julia's and Griffiths' characters.<ref>{{cite news|title=Vidfest|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/66929359/la-weekly/|work=[[LA Weekly]]|page=34|date=September 21–27, 1984|via=Newspapers.com}}</ref> ''[[The Washington Post]]''{{'}}s Sandy Rovner described the film as "certainly inoffensive, occasionally funny and altogether watchable".<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/lifestyle/1985/02/04/memory-bank-pays-off/0b969e97-3923-42b7-8b8a-176a462fcc30/|title='Memory Bank' Pays Off|last=Rovner|first=Sandy|newspaper=[[The Washington Post]]|date=February 4, 1985|access-date=October 14, 2020|archive-date=November 16, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201116195611/https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/lifestyle/1985/02/04/memory-bank-pays-off/0b969e97-3923-42b7-8b8a-176a462fcc30/|url-status=live}}</ref> Jim Murphy from ''[[The Age]]'' considered the plot to be "quite tortuous" but thought it to be imaginative enough to sustain interest.<ref>{{cite news|title=Lunatic larceny of a baby|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/66927491/the-age/|last=Murphy|first=Jim|work=[[The Age]]|date=August 18, 1988|page=46|via=Newspapers.com|access-date=January 5, 2021}}</ref> In his book ''The Sci-Fi Movie Guide'', Chris Barsanti found ''Overdrawn at the Memory Bank'' to be one of the better film translations of [[cyberpunk]], despite being one of the least known. Barsanti also called the film a "fun lark" despite its confusing ending.{{sfn|Barsanti|2015|page=431}} In a negative review for ''[[Cinema Canada]]'', Bruce Malloch remarked that, had it been released as a feature film rather than a direct-to-TV film, it would have been a failure. Malloch was critical of the film's plot and special effects, as well as its attempts to balance both drama and comedy.<ref>{{cite magazine|magazine=[[Cinema Canada]]|title=Reviews|last=Malloch|first=Bruce|date=October 1984|page=39}}</ref>

===''Mystery Science Theater 3000''===
''Overdrawn at the Memory Bank'' was featured in the eighth-season finale episode of ''[[Mystery Science Theater 3000]]'' (''MST3K''),<ref name=Corbett/> a comedy television series in which the character [[Mike Nelson (character)|Mike Nelson]] and his two robot friends [[Crow T. Robot]] and [[Tom Servo]] are forced to watch bad films as part of an ongoing scientific experiment. The episode was broadcast on the [[Sci-Fi Channel]] on December 6, 1997.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tvguide.com/tvshows/mystery-science-theater-3000/episode-22-season-8/overdrawn-at-the-memory-bank/203329/|title=Mystery Science Theater 3000 Season 8 Episode Guide|work=[[TV Guide]]|access-date=October 15, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160325211323/http://www.tvguide.com/tvshows/mystery-science-theater-3000/episode-22-season-8/overdrawn-at-the-memory-bank/203329/|archive-date=March 25, 2016}}</ref> ''MST3K'' cast member [[Bill Corbett]] disliked the film, calling it an "extraordinarily dumb movie whose relentless 'funny' techno-futuro-jargon was the screenwriting equivalent of [[water torture]]." Raul Julia had recently died, and the writers were wary of damaging his reputation.{{efn|Julia died in 1994 of complications from a stroke, three years before the ''MST3K'' episode.<ref>{{cite news|title=Actor Raul Julia's Legacy Immortalized on Video|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/66927954/the-daily-oklahoman/|last=Ashton|first=Richard|work=[[The Daily Oklahoman]]|date=December 30, 1994|page=45|via=Newspapers.com}}</ref>}}<ref name=Corbett>{{cite web|url=http://www.mst3kinfo.com/aceg/8/822/ep822.html|title=Episode 822- Overdrawn at the Memory Bank|last=Corbett|first=Bill|author-link=Bill Corbett|work=Satellite News|access-date=October 15, 2020|archive-date=November 16, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201116195554/http://www.mst3kinfo.com/aceg/8/822/ep822.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Fellow cast member and writer [[Paul Chaplin]] voiced his hatred towards ''Overdrawn'', equating his disdain with later "experiment" [[Hobgoblins (film)|''Hobgoblins'']].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mst3kinfo.com/aceg/9/907/ep907.html|title=Episode 907- Hobgoblins|last=Chaplin|first=Paul|author-link=Paul Chaplin|work=Satellite News|access-date=October 15, 2020|archive-date=August 1, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200801073018/http://www.mst3kinfo.com/aceg/9/907/ep907.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

The episode was considered one of the best episodes in the series, both by critics and by fans of the show. Jim Vorel for ''[[Paste (magazine)|Paste]]'' ranked it as the 40th best in the series,{{efn|Ranking based on 197 episodes {{as of|2018|lc=y|post=.}}<ref>{{cite web|title=Ranking Every MST3K Episode, From Worst to Best|url=https://www.pastemagazine.com/comedy/best-mst3k-episodes/ranking-every-mst3k-episode-from-worst-to-best|last=Vorel|first=Jim|publisher=[[Paste (magazine)|Paste]]|page=1|date=December 4, 2018|access-date=November 26, 2024|archive-url=https://archive.today/20241126045107/https://www.pastemagazine.com/comedy/best-mst3k-episodes/ranking-every-mst3k-episode-from-worst-to-best/6|archive-date=November 26, 2024}}</ref>}}  saying the film was ahead of its time and giving praise for the acting. Vorel was irritated by its [[soft focus]] appearance but overall considered it to be one of the most interesting films featured on ''MST3K''.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.pastemagazine.com/comedy/best-mst3k-episodes/ranking-every-mst3k-episode-from-worst-to-best/6|title=Ranking Every MST3K Episode, From Worst to Best|last=Vorel|first=Jim|publisher=[[Paste (magazine)|Paste]]|page=6|date=April 13, 2017|access-date=April 29, 2019|archive-url=https://archive.today/20180619043110/https://www.pastemagazine.com/articles/2017/03/ranking-every-mst3k-episode-from-worst-to-best.html?p=6|archive-date=June 19, 2018}}</ref> In a fan poll for the top 100 best episodes in the series, it ranked eleventh.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.denofgeek.com/us/tv/mst3k/260278/the-top-100-best-mst3k-episodes|title=The Top 100 Best MST3K Episodes|last=Cecchini|first=Mike|publisher=Den of Geek|date=April 15, 2017|access-date=April 29, 2019|archive-date=November 16, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201116195541/https://www.denofgeek.com/tv/the-top-100-best-mst3k-episodes/|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Elliott Kalan]], the head writer for the [[Netflix]] era of the series, considered it one of his favorite episodes in the series.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.thrillist.com/entertainment/nation/best-mst3k-episodes-ranked-netflix|title=The 'MST3K' Reboot's Head Writer Names His 10 Favorite Classic Episodes|last=Kalan|first=Elliott|author-link=Elliott Kalan|publisher=[[Thrillist]]|date=April 13, 2017|access-date=April 29, 2019|archive-date=June 9, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200609100933/https://www.thrillist.com/entertainment/nation/best-mst3k-episodes-ranked-netflix|url-status=live}}</ref> In 2003, [[Rhino Entertainment]] released the ''MST3K'' episode as part of the "Volume 4" DVD collection, along with episodes focused on ''[[Girl in Gold Boots]]'', ''[[Hamlet (1961 film)|Hamlet]]'', and ''[[Space Mutiny]]''.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.dvdtalk.com/reviews/8580/mystery-science-theater-3000-4/|title=Mystery Science Theater 3000: 4|last=Sinnott|first=John|work=[[DVD Talk]]|date=November 18, 2003|access-date=October 16, 2020|archive-date=November 16, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201116195556/https://www.dvdtalk.com/reviews/8580/mystery-science-theater-3000-4/|url-status=live}}</ref>

== References ==

===Notes===
{{notelist}}

===Citations===
{{reflist}}

===Bibliography===
{{refbegin}}
*{{cite book|last=Ashley|first=Mike|author-link=Mike Ashley (writer)|year=2000|title=The History of the Science-fiction Magazine|volume=3|publisher=[[Liverpool University Press]]|isbn=9781846310034}}
*{{cite book|last=Barsanti|first=Chris|year=2015|title=The Sci-Fi Movie Guide: The Universe of Film from Alien to Zardoz|publisher=[[Visible Ink Press]]|isbn=978-1-57859-503-7}}
*{{cite book|last=Dick|first=Philip K.|year=2011|author-link=Philip K. Dick|title=[[The Exegesis of Philip K. Dick]]|publisher=Houghton Mifflin Harcourt|isbn=978-0547549255}}
*{{cite book|last=Menville|first=Douglas|year=1985|title=Futurevisions : the new golden age of the science fiction film|publisher=[[Newcastle Publishing Company]]|isbn=0-89370-681-7}}
*{{cite book|last=Stanley|first=John|year=1994|title=John Stanley's Creature Features Movie Guide Strikes Again|publisher=Creatures at Large Press|isbn=0-940064-09-X}}
{{refend}}

==Further reading==
* {{cite journal |last1=Landy |first1=Marcia |last2=Shostak |first2=Stanley |date= 1993 |title=Postmodernism as Folklore in Contemporary Science Fiction Cinema |journal=Rethinking Marxism |volume=6 |issue=2 |pages=25–45 |doi=10.1080/08935699308658053}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title | id=0089759 | title=Overdrawn at the Memory Bank}}
* [https://watch.shout-tv.com/video/602873?showInterstitial=true MST3K treatment on ShoutFactoryTV]

{{DEFAULTSORT:Overdrawn At The Memory Bank}}
[[Category:1984 films]]
[[Category:1984 television films]]
[[Category:1984 science fiction films]]
[[Category:1984 in American television]]
[[Category:1984 in Canadian television]]
[[Category:1980s American films]]
[[Category:1980s Canadian films]]
[[Category:1980s English-language films]]
[[Category:Alliance Atlantis films]]
[[Category:American dystopian films]]
[[Category:American Playhouse]]
[[Category:American science fiction television films]]
[[Category:Canadian science fiction television films]]
[[Category:CBC Television original films]]
[[Category:English-language Canadian films]]
[[Category:English-language science fiction films]]
[[Category:Films about computer hacking]]
[[Category:Films about telepresence]]
[[Category:Films about virtual reality]]
[[Category:Films based on American short stories]]
[[Category:Films based on science fiction short stories]]
[[Category:Films based on works by John Varley (author)]]
[[Category:Films set in the future]]
[[Category:Films shot in Toronto]]
[[Category:Mystery Science Theater 3000]]
[[Category:New World Pictures films]]
[[Category:Television films based on short fiction]]