Editing Oxalis corniculata

{{Short description|Species of yellow wood sorrel}}
{{Speciesbox
|image = Oxalis corniculata23.jpg
|taxon=Oxalis corniculata
|authority = [[Carl Linnaeus|L.]]
|synonyms_ref=<ref>{{cite web |url=https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:177893-2 |title=''Oxalis corniculata'' L. |author=<!--Not stated--> |date=2017 |website=Plants of the World Online |publisher=Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew |access-date=14 October 2020}}</ref>
|synonyms={{collapsible list|
*''Acetosella corniculata'' <small>(L.) Kuntze</small>
*''Acetosella corniculata var. subglabra'' <small>Kuntze</small>
*''Acetosella corniculata var. villosa'' <small>(M.Bieb.) Kuntze</small>
*''Acetosella herpestica'' <small>(Schltdl.) Kuntze</small>
*''Acetosella simulans'' <small>(Baker) Kuntze</small>
*''Oxalis albicans var. sericea'' <small>DC.</small>
*''Oxalis boreaui'' <small>P.Fourn.</small>
*''Oxalis boridiensis'' <small>R.Knuth</small>
*''Oxalis ceratilis'' <small>E.Mey.</small>
*''Oxalis ciliifera'' <small>A.Cunn.</small>
*''Oxalis corniculata var. atropurpurea'' <small>Planch.</small>
*''Oxalis corniculata var. corcovadensis'' <small>R.Knuth</small>
*''Oxalis corniculata var. glabrocapsula'' <small>Roti Mich.</small>
*''Oxalis corniculata var. langloisii'' <small>(Small) Wiegand</small>
*''Oxalis corniculata var. macrophylla'' <small>Arsène ex R.Knuth</small>
*''Oxalis corniculata var. pilosiuscula'' <small>(Kunth) Zucc.</small>
*''Oxalis corniculata var. pubescens'' <small>Griseb.</small>
*''Oxalis corniculata var. radicosa'' <small>(A.Rich.) Roti Mich.</small>
*''Oxalis corniculata var. repens'' <small>(Thunb.) Zucc.</small>
*''Oxalis corniculata rubra'' <small>G.Nicholson</small>
*''Oxalis corniculata var. villosa'' <small>(M.Bieb.) Hohen.</small>
*''Oxalis corniculata var. viscidula'' <small>Wiegand</small>
*''Oxalis diffusa'' <small>Boreau</small>
*''Oxalis foliosa'' <small>Blatt.</small>
*''Oxalis furcata'' <small>Elliott</small>
*''Oxalis glauca'' <small>Raf. ex DC.</small>
*''Oxalis grenadensis'' <small>Urb.</small>
*''Oxalis herpestica'' <small>Schltdl.</small>
*''Oxalis humistrata'' <small>Willd. ex Steud.</small>
*''Oxalis jamaicensis'' <small>Macfad.</small>
*''Oxalis javanica'' <small>Blume</small>
*''Oxalis langloisii'' <small>(Small) Fedde</small>
*''Oxalis lujula'' <small>Noronha</small>
*''Oxalis lupulina'' <small>Kunth</small>
*''Oxalis lutea'' <small>Steud.</small>
*''Oxalis meridensis'' <small>Pittier</small>
*''Oxalis micrantha'' <small>Bojer ex Progel</small>
*''Oxalis minima'' <small>Steud.</small>
*''Oxalis monadelpha'' <small>Roxb. ex Wight & Arn.</small>
*''Oxalis norlindiana'' <small>R.Knuth</small>
*''Oxalis pilosiuscula'' <small>Kunth</small>
*''Oxalis pubescens'' <small>Stokes</small>
*''Oxalis pusilla'' <small>Salisb.</small>
*''Oxalis radicosa'' <small>A.Rich.</small>
*''Oxalis recisa'' <small>Noronha</small>
*''Oxalis repens'' <small>Thunb.</small>
*''Oxalis reptans'' <small>Sol. ex G.Forst.</small>
*''Oxalis simulans'' <small>Baker</small>
*''Oxalis steudeliana'' <small>R.Knuth</small>
*''Oxalis taiwanensis'' <small>(Masam.) Masam.</small>
*''Oxalis tenuicaulis'' <small>A.Cunn.</small>
*''Oxalis thunbergiana'' <small>Montrouz.</small>
*''Oxalis trinidadensis'' <small>R.Knuth</small>
*''Oxalis uittienii'' <small>J.T.Jansen</small>
*''Oxalis urvillei'' <small>A.Cunn.</small>
*''Oxalis villosa'' <small>M.Bieb.</small>
*''Oxys corniculata'' <small>(L.) Scop.</small>
*''Oxys lutea'' <small>Lam.</small>
*''Xanthoxalis corniculata'' <small>(L.) Small</small>
*''Xanthoxalis corniculata subsp. repens'' <small>(Thunb.) Tzvelev</small>
*''Xanthoxalis grenadensis'' <small>(Urb.) Tzvelev ex Prob. & Sokolovsk.</small>
*''Xanthoxalis langloisii'' <small>Small</small>
*''Xanthoxalis repens'' <small>(Thunb.) Moldenke</small>
*''Xanthoxalis trinidadensis'' <small>(R.Knuth) Holub</small>
}}}}
[[Image:Oxalis.corniculata.7562.JPG|thumb|right| Purple leaved variety.]]
'''''Oxalis corniculata''''', the '''creeping woodsorrel''', '''procumbent yellow sorrel'''<ref name=BSBI07>{{BSBI 2007 |access-date=2014-10-17 }}</ref> or '''sleeping beauty''', is a somewhat delicate-appearing, low-growing [[herb]]aceous [[plant]] in the family [[Oxalidaceae]].

It is a small [[Vine|creeping]] type of woodsorrel that tends to grow well in moist climates.<ref name="ReferenceA">{{Cite journal |last1=Lubna |last2=Asaf |first2=Sajjad |last3=Jan |first3=Rahmatullah |last4=Khan |first4=Abdul Latif |last5=Lee |first5=In-Jung |date=2020-07-23 |title=Complete Chloroplast Genome Characterization of Oxalis Corniculata and Its Comparison with Related Species from Family Oxalidaceae |journal=Plants |language=en |volume=9 |issue=8 |pages=928 |doi=10.3390/plants9080928 |issn=2223-7747 |pmc=7464629 |pmid=32717796 |doi-access=free }}</ref> It resembles the common yellow woodsorrel, ''[[Oxalis stricta]]''.

==Description==
[[File:Oxalis corniculata Sturm10.jpg|thumb|right]]
[[File:Oxalis corniculata sl8.jpg|thumb|Stems with leaf stalk and side leaf (inconspicuous stipules at the base of each petiole are visible too)]]
[[File:Oxalis corniculata sl10.jpg|thumb|Trifoliate leaf of Oxalis corniculata]]
It has a narrow, creeping stem that readily roots at the [[node (botany)|node]]s. The trifoliate [[Leaf|leaves]] are subdivided into three rounded leaflets and resemble a [[clover]] in shape. Some varieties have green leaves, while others, like ''Oxalis corniculata'' var. ''atropurpurea'', have purple. The leaves have inconspicuous [[stipule]]s at the base of each [[Petiole (botany)|petiole]]. The flowers are small and yellow, with some having round-edged petals and others possessing sharp ends. The flowers close when direct sun is not hitting the plant, hence the name "sleeping beauty". Some specimen can have a single flower while others can have over 20.

[[File:O-Corniculata-photo 2019-05-24 14-20-52.jpg|thumb|Fruits of Oxalis corniculata]]
[[File:O-Corniculata-photo 2019-05-24 14-20-17.jpg|thumb|Pollen of Oxalis corniculata]]
[[File:Oxalis corniculata, Samenkorn.jpg|thumb|Matured seed of Oxalis corniculata]]
[[File:Seeds of Oxalis corniculata.jpg|thumb|Mature (brown) and immature (white) seeds of Oxalis corniculata]]
[[File:Oxalis corniculata leaves.jpg|thumb|Oxalis corniculata plant on moist soil]]

The [[fruit]] is a narrow, cylindrical [[Capsule (fruit)|capsule]], {{cvt|1|-|2|cm|1}} long, and noteworthy for its [[Seed dispersal#Explosive action|explosive discharge]] of the contained seeds, {{cvt|1|mm|2}} long.<ref>{{cite journal |date=1 June 2020 |author=Shanpeng Li, Yun Zhang, Jianlin Liu |title=Seed ejection mechanism in an ''Oxalis'' species |journal=Scientific Reports |volume=10 |issue=1 |page=8855 |publisher=[[Nature (journal)|Nature]]|doi=10.1038/s41598-020-65885-2 |pmid=32483323 |pmc=7264325 |bibcode=2020NatSR..10.8855L }}</ref> Pollen is about 34 microns in diameter.

==Distribution==
This species probably comes from southeastern Asia.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal|last1=Groom|first1=Quentin|last2=Van der Straeten|first2=Jan|last3=Hoste|first3=Ivan|date=2019-02-13|title=The origin of Oxalis corniculata L.|journal=PeerJ|language=en|volume=7|pages=e6384|doi=10.7717/peerj.6384|pmid=30783568|issn=2167-8359|pmc=6377598 |doi-access=free }}</ref> It was first described by [[Carl Linnaeus|Linnaeus]] in 1753<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/358454|title=Species plantarum|last=von Linné|first=Carl|website=Biodiversity Heritage Library|year=1753|volume=1}}</ref> using specimens from [[Italy]], and it seems to have been introduced to Italy from the east before 1500.<ref name=":0" /> It is now [[cosmopolitan distribution|cosmopolitan]] in its distribution and is often regarded as a [[weed]] in [[garden]]s,<ref name=Hackney92>Hackney, P. 1992. ''Stewart & Corry's Flora of the North-east of Ireland.'' Institute of Irish Studies, Queen's University of Belfast.</ref> agricultural fields, and [[lawn]]s.<ref>[http://www.ipm.ucdavis.edu/PMG/PESTNOTES/pn7444.html UC Davis IPM]</ref>

== Chloroplast genome ==
The chloroplast genome sequence is 152,189 bp in size, and contains 131 genes. It includes a pair of 25,387 bp inverted repeats that separate a large 83,427 bp single copy region. The genome suggests that this plant is closely related to ''[[Oxalis drummondii|O. drummondii]]''.<ref name="ReferenceA"/>

==Uses==
The leaves of woodsorrel are edible, and have a tangy taste like [[lemons]]. A drink can be made by [[infusion|infusing]] the leaves in hot water for about 10 minutes, sweetening, and then chilling.<ref name=Peterson>Lee Allen Peterson, ''Edible Wild Plants'', Houghton Mifflin Company, New York City (1977), p. 104.</ref> The entire plant is rich in [[vitamin C]]. Any woodsorrel is safe in low dosages, but if eaten in large quantities over a length of time can inhibit [[calcium]] absorption by the body.<ref name=Peterson/>

As a hyperaccumulator of copper, it can be used for [[phytoremediation]]. The 1491 Ming Dynasty text, ''Precious Secrets of the Realm of the King of Xin'', describes how to locate underground copper deposits by extracting trace elements of copper from the plant.

[[Taiwanese indigenous peoples|Indigenous peoples]] of Taiwan frequently grow this plant (known roughly as ''p-r-səʔ'') as a cure for snakebites and [[scabies]].<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Li |first1=Paul Jen-kuei |title=Some notes on animals and plants for Proto-Austronesian speakers |journal=Language and Linguistics. 語言暨語言學 |date=July 2022 |pages=259 |doi=10.1075/lali.18.2.04li|doi-access=free }}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons|Oxalis corniculata}}
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20070819074425/http://www.quattrofolium.com/eng/corniculata.html Quattrofolium]
*[http://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/cgi-bin/get_JM_treatment.pl?5527,5528,5532 Jepson Manual Treatment]
*[http://calphotos.berkeley.edu/cgi/img_query?query_src=photos_index&where-taxon=Oxalis+corniculata Photo gallery]

{{Taxonbar|from=Q162795}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Oxalis|corniculata]]
[[Category:Oxalidales of Australia]]
[[Category:Flora of Norfolk Island]]
[[Category:Cosmopolitan species]]
[[Category:Flora of Nepal]]
[[Category:Plants described in 1753]]
[[Category:Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus]]
[[Category:Flora of Malta]]