Editing Pacific swift

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{{short description|Species of bird which breeds in eastern Asia}}
{{about|the bird|the schooner|Pacific Swift (ship)}}
{{featured article}}
{{Speciesbox
 | name                = Pacific swift
 | image               = Pacific Swift (cropped).jpg
 | status              = LC
 | status_system       = IUCN3.1
 | status_ref          = <ref name=IUCN>{{cite iucn|page= e.T22686845A155438660 |doi= 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22686845A155438660.en |title= ''Apus pacificus'' |amends=2016 |author= BirdLife International |author-link= BirdLife International |year= 2019|access-date= 4 February 2020}}</ref>
 | genus               = Apus
 | species             = pacificus
 | authority           = ([[John Latham (ornithologist)|Latham]], 1801)
 | range_map           = Apuspacificuspacificus.png
 | range_map_caption   = <div style="text-align:left;"><big>{{Legend2|#00FF33| Breeding range|border=1px solid #aaa}}<br>
{{Legend2|#009966| Breeding range of three former subspecies |border=1px solid #aaa}}<br> {{Legend2|#FFFF33| Non-breeding |border=1px solid #aaa}}</big></div>(ranges are approximate)
}}

The '''Pacific swift''' ('''''Apus pacificus''''') is a species of [[bird]] that is part of the [[Swift (bird)|Swift]] family. It breeds in [[eastern Asia]]. It is strongly [[bird migration|migratory]], spending the northern hemisphere's winter in [[Southeast Asia]] and [[Australia]]. The general shape and blackish plumage recall its relative, the [[common swift]], from which it is distinguished by a white rump band and heavily marked underparts. The sexes are identical in appearance, although young birds can be identified by pale fringes to the wing feathers that are absent in adults. This swift's main call is a screech typical of its [[family (biology)|family]]. It is one of a group of closely related Asian swifts formerly regarded as one species.

The Pacific swift is found in a wide range of climatic zones and habitats. It breeds in sheltered locations such as caves, natural rock crevices or under the roofs of houses. The nest is a half-cup of dry grass and other fine material that is gathered in flight, cemented with saliva and attached to a vertical surface. The two or three white eggs are incubated for about seventeen days to hatching. Subsequently, the chicks have a long but variable period [[Altriciality|in the nest]] before they are fully fledged. When the parents cannot find sufficient food in bad weather, the young can survive for days without being fed by [[metabolism|metabolising]] body fat.

Like all members of its family, the Pacific swift feeds exclusively on insects caught in flight. It tends to hunt higher than most of its relatives other than the [[white-throated needletail]]. The Pacific swift has a large population and extensive breeding area, and faces few threats from predators or human activities. It is classed as being of [[least concern]] by the [[International Union for Conservation of Nature]].<ref name=IUCN /> It has occurred as far afield as the US and New Zealand, and it is a very rare vagrant in Europe.

==Taxonomy==
The [[Swift (bird)|swift]]s form the bird [[family (biology)|family]] Apodidae, which is divided into several [[genus|genera]]. The Pacific swift is in the Old World genus ''[[Apus (genus)|Apus]]'', which is characterised by dark, glossy [[plumage]], a forked tail and sharply pointed wings.<ref name= Chantler219>Chantler & Driessens (2000) p. 219.</ref> Until recently, the Pacific swift was considered to have five [[subspecies]],<ref name= Chantler235>Chantler & Driessens (2000) pp. 235–237.</ref> but three have now been elevated to full species status as part of a "[[fork-tailed swift]]" [[superspecies]]. The proposed name of the superspecies was formerly a synonym for the Pacific swift.<ref name = leader/>

A 2011 study proposed the following treatment. The long-tailed birds from the [[Tibetan Plateau]] with a narrow white throat patch are separated as [[Salim Ali's swift]], ''A. salimali'', the small swifts with narrow white rumps from the [[Himalayas]] of India, Nepal and Bhutan become [[Blyth's swift]], ''A. leuconyx'', and the population that breeds in limestone caves in northern [[Southeast Asia]], characterised by a green [[iridescence]] and shallow tail fork, is split as [[Cook's swift]], ''A. cooki''.<ref name = leader>{{cite journal|author=Leader, P J |year=2011 |title= Taxonomy of the Pacific Swift ''Apus pacificus'' Latham, 1802, complex|journal= Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club |volume=131|pages=81–93}}</ref> The remaining subspecies are the [[Nominotypical subspecies|nominate]] ''A. p. pacificus'' and the southern race ''A. p. kanoi'' (formerly known as ''kurodae'').{{efn|Leader found that ''kurodae'', formerly treated as a synonym of ''pacificus'', was distinguishable from that form but not from ''kanoi''. ''Kurodae'' is the older name, and takes priority. ''[[The Clements Checklist of Birds of the World]]'' now also uses ''Apus pacificus kurodae''.<ref name = leader/><ref name = clem/>}}<ref name= Chantler235/> This arrangement has been accepted by the [[International Ornithological Committee]] (IOC), but not the [[International Union for Conservation of Nature]].<ref name=IUCN/><ref name=ioc>{{cite web |title=Swifts, hummingbirds & allies |work=World bird list version 3.3 |url=http://www.worldbirdnames.org/n-swifts.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120120134650/http://www.worldbirdnames.org/n-swifts.html |archive-date=20 January 2012 |publisher=International Ornithologists' Union |access-date=22 June 2013 |url-status=dead }}</ref> A 2012 paper showed that ''cooki'' is closely related to the [[dark-rumped swift]], ''A. acuticauda'', which should therefore be included in the ''pacificus'' [[clade]], but made no further taxonomic recommendations.<ref name="Päckert">{{cite journal |author1= Päckert, Martin|author2= Martens, Jochen|author3= Wink, Michael|author4= Feigl, Anna|author5= Tietze, Dieter Thomas |year=2012 |title= Molecular phylogeny of Old World swifts (Aves: Apodiformes, Apodidae, ''Apus'' and ''Tachymarptis'' ) based on mitochondrial and nuclear markers | journal= Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution | volume=63 | pages=606–616 | url = https://www.academia.edu/3069331 |doi=10.1016/j.ympev.2012.02.002|issue= 3| pmid=22361213}}</ref>

This swift was first described by [[John Latham (ornithologist)|John Latham]] in 1801 as ''Hirundo pacifica''.<ref name= latham>Latham (1801) [https://www.digitale-sammlungen.de/en/view/bsb10483009?page=60 p. lviii].</ref>
[[Giovanni Antonio Scopoli|Scopoli]] separated the swifts from the swallows as the genus ''Apus'' in 1777.<ref name= Scopoli>Scopoli (1777) [https://archive.org/stream/mobot31753000650959#page/483/mode/2up p. 483] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160402141118/http://archive.org/stream/mobot31753000650959#page/483/mode/2up |date=2 April 2016 }}.</ref> ''Apus'', like Apodidae, is derived from the [[Greek language|Greek]] απους, ''apous'', meaning "without feet", a reference to the small, weak legs of these most aerial of birds,<ref name= job59>Jobling (2010) pp. 50–51.</ref><ref name= Kaufman>Kaufman (2001) p. 329.</ref> and ''pacificus'' refers to the [[Pacific Ocean]].<ref name= job288>Jobling (2010) p. 288.</ref>

==Description==
[[File:Apus pacificus -Japan -flying-8.jpg|upright|left|thumb|Flying with nesting material in its beak in Japan]]

At {{convert|17|–|18|cm|in|1|abbr=on}} in length, the Pacific swift is the largest of the ''Apus'' swifts.<ref name= Chantler235/> It has a 43-to-54-cm (17-to-21-in) wingspan.<ref name= Brazil>Brazil (2009) p. 272.</ref> Females are slightly heavier than males, averaging {{convert|44.5|g|oz|abbr=on}} against {{convert|42.5|g|oz|abbr=on}}.<ref name= hbw>Chantler (1999) p. 455.</ref> It is similar in general shape to the [[common swift]], although slightly longer-winged and with a more protruding head. The fork of the tail is deeper, and the rump is broader. The upperparts are black, apart from a white rump band and a somewhat greyer head. The underparts are black, although white fringes to the feathers give the belly a scaly appearance when seen well from below. The tail and the upper wings are black, and the underwings are brown.<ref name= Chantler235/> The eyes are brown and the small bill and very short legs are black.<ref name= Brazil/> The sexes are identically plumaged, and juveniles differ from the adults only in that the feathers show pale fringes, particularly on the [[flight feather|wings]]. The southern subspecies, ''A. p. kurodae'', has a narrower white rump (15&nbsp;mm/0.6&nbsp;in against the nominate form's 20&nbsp;mm/0.8&nbsp;in), a grey throat and blacker underparts.<ref name= Chantler235/> Juveniles of migratory ''Apus'' swifts have a partial [[Moulting|moult]] prior to migration, but retain the larger wing feathers. The moult is completed in the wintering grounds, where adults have a complete moult.<ref name= Chantler38>Chantler & Driessens (2000) pp. 38–39.</ref>

This species is usually straightforward to identify. The [[white-rumped swift]] is similar to Pacific swift, but its slender body and long, deeply forked tail make it appear quite different from its more powerfully built relative.<ref name= Chantler235/> A possible pitfall is a partially [[Leucism|leucistic]] common swift with a white rump. The Pacific swift can be distinguished with care by its deeper tail fork, longer wings, bigger head, larger white throat patch and patterned underparts.<ref name= vand>van Duivendijk (2011) p. 224.</ref> In parts of Southeast Asia, migrating Pacific swifts pass through the resident ranges of former subspecies, and good views are then necessary to be sure of correct identification.<ref name= Chantler235/>

===Voice===
The calls given by flocks near the breeding areas are typical swift screams, including a trilled ''tsiririri'' or harsher ''spee-eer''. They resemble the cries of the common swift, but are softer and less wheezy.<ref name= Brazil/> Pacific swifts are less vocal on the wintering grounds, but produce a variety of twitters and buzzes.<ref name= simpson>Simpson & Day (2010) p. 163.</ref>

==Distribution and habitat==
The nominate subspecies, ''A. p. pacificus'', breeds in eastern Asia from the [[Ob River]] northeast to [[Kamchatka]] and east to the [[Kuril Islands]], [[Sakhalin]] and Japan.<ref name= Chantler235/> It is strongly migratory, wintering in southern Indonesia, Melanesia and Australia, including [[Tasmania]]. It is a common migrant through coastal Malaysia, [[Sumatra]] and [[Java]] with "vast numbers" crossing the [[Strait of Malacca]].<ref name= Chantler235/><ref name=clem>{{cite web|title=Updates & Corrections – August 2011 |work=The Clements Checklist |url=http://www.birds.cornell.edu/clementschecklist/corrections/updates-corrections-august-2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120108031544/http://www.birds.cornell.edu/clementschecklist/corrections/updates-corrections-august-2011 |archive-date=8 January 2012 |publisher=Cornell Laboratory of Ornithology |access-date=26 June 2013 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Subspecies ''A. p. kurodae'' breeds from southeastern [[Tibet]] through eastern China to southern Japan, Taiwan and [[Orchid Island]]. It is a relatively short-distance migrant, wintering in the Philippines, Malaysia and northern Indonesia.<ref name = clem/><ref name= Brazil/>

As a powerful long-distance migrant, the nominate subspecies of Pacific swift has occurred as a vagrant far from its normal range. Birds have been recorded from Brunei, the Maldives, New Zealand and [[Macquarie Island]], and there have been multiple occurrences in the Seychelles. In the US, this species is casual in the [[Pribilof Islands|Pribilof]] and [[Aleutian Islands]];<ref name= Chantler235/> a claimed 2010 sighting from the [[Yukon]] will be the first for Canada and the mainland of North America if ratified.<ref name = narba>{{cite web| title=2010: Third Quarter | url=http://www.narba.org/default.aspx?act=newsletter.aspx&newsletterid=1952&category=TXRBA&MenuGroup=Home&&AspxAutoDetectCookieSupport=1 | archive-url=https://archive.today/20130710185321/http://www.narba.org/default.aspx?act=newsletter.aspx&newsletterid=1952&category=TXRBA&MenuGroup=Home&&AspxAutoDetectCookieSupport=1 | url-status=dead | archive-date=10 July 2013 | publisher= North American Rare Bird Alert | access-date =10 July 2013 }}</ref><ref name=yukon>{{cite journal|last=Eckert|first=Cameron D|year=2011|title=Sightings Report – Summer 2010|journal=Yukon Warbler: Newsletter of the Yukon Bird Club|page=11|url=http://www.yukonweb.com/community/ybc/ybc-spring2011.pdf|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151222161937/http://www.yukonweb.com/community/ybc/ybc-spring2011.pdf|archive-date=22 December 2015}}</ref> In South America, there is a 1959 record from Colombia.<ref name= Schauensee>{{cite journal |last=de Schauensee |first= Rodolphe Meyer |year=1959 |title= Additions to the "Birds of the Republic of Colombia" | journal= Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia | volume=111 | pages=53–75 |jstor=4064506 }}</ref> There are 13 European records as of 2013, from Denmark (two), Spain, Sweden (four) and the UK (seven). It is possible that this overstates the true number of visiting birds. All the listed countries had a sighting on different dates in the summer of 2013 which could be due to a single wandering bird. The four most recent English records in 2005, 2008, 2011 and 2013 all included sightings at [[Spurn]], [[East Riding of Yorkshire|East Yorkshire]], and may refer to one returning individual.<ref name=BW26>{{cite journal |last= Smith|first= Ian |year= 2013 |title= The Pacific Swift sightings in East Yorkshire, Lincolnshire and Suffolk | journal= Birding World | volume= 26| pages= 244–247 |issue=6}}</ref>

A mainly aerial species, this swift is not limited to particular land habitats or climatic zones; it breeds from the Arctic to sub-tropical China, and from sea level to at least {{convert|3,000|m|ft|abbr=on}} in Japan. It is often found around human habitation. It tends to winter in lowlands,<ref name= Chantler235/> and in Australia it is found in arid areas as well as in towns and on the coast. Flocks of thousands may appear when there are hot strong winds. Pacific swifts often travel and feed with [[white-throated needletail]]s. The Pacific swift probably sleeps in flight when not nesting, behaviour known to occur in the common swift and suspected in other ''Apus'' species, but there is an Australian record of these swifts roosting in a tree, and they are occasionally seen to land briefly on the ground or on vertical surfaces.<ref name="aus">{{cite web | title=''Apus pacificus''&nbsp;– Fork-tailed Swift | work=Species Profile and Threats Database | url=http://www.environment.gov.au/cgi-bin/sprat/public/publicspecies.pl?taxon_id=678 | publisher=Department of Sustainability, Environment, Water, Population and Communities | access-date=7 July 2013 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140223032850/http://www.environment.gov.au/cgi-bin/sprat/public/publicspecies.pl?taxon_id=678 | archive-date=23 February 2014 | url-status=live }}</ref>

==Behaviour==

===Breeding===
[[File:Apus pacificus -Japan -flying-8 (2).jpg|thumb|Flying with nesting material near coastal cliffs in Japan]]

Most ''Apus'' swift species nest in rocky areas, and the majority will accept human habitations as a substitute for natural sites. The Pacific swift is a [[bird colony|colonial]] species that nests in sheltered locations such as caves, crevices in vertical rock faces (including sea-cliffs), or under the eaves of houses. The nest is a half-cup of feathers, dry grass and other light vegetation collected in flight, cemented with saliva and attached to a ledge or vertical surface with the same substance. Two or three eggs is the normal [[clutch (eggs)|clutch]], the number varying with geographical location. In areas where three eggs are usual, a fourth may occasionally be laid; no larger clutches are known.<ref name= lack>{{cite journal |last=Lack |first= David |year=1956 |title= A review of the genera and nesting habits of swifts | journal= The Auk | volume=73 | pages=1–32 |doi=10.2307/4081635|jstor=4081635 |issue=1}}</ref> The eggs are white, as with all swifts,<ref name= Chantler19>Chantler & Driessens (2000) p. 19.</ref> and 24–27.5&nbsp;×&nbsp;16–17&nbsp;mm (0.95–1.08&nbsp;×&nbsp;0.63–0.67&nbsp;in) in size. They are incubated by both parents for about 17 days prior to hatching as unfeathered and blind [[altricial]] chicks.<ref name= Chantler235/><ref name="Chantler19"/> Both adults brood and feed the chicks, which [[fledge]] in an average 40.5&nbsp;days.<ref name= Chantler235/>

Swifts as a family have smaller egg clutches and much longer and more variable incubation and fledging times than [[passerine]]s with similarly sized eggs, resembling [[Procellariiformes|tubenoses]] in these developmental factors. Young birds reach a maximum weight heavier than their parents; they can cope with not being fed for long periods of time, and delay their feather growth when undernourished. Swifts and seabirds have generally secure nest sites, but their food sources are unreliable, whereas passerines are vulnerable in the nest but food is usually plentiful.<ref name= lacklack>{{cite journal |last= Lack |first= David |author2=Lack, Elizabeth |year=1951 |title= The breeding biology of the Swift ''Apus apus'' | journal= Ibis | volume= 93 | pages=501–546 |doi=10.1111/j.1474-919X.1951.tb05457.x |issue=4}}</ref><ref name= Boersma>{{cite journal |last= Boersma |first= P Dee |year= 1982|title=Why some birds take so long to hatch | journal= The American Naturalist | volume=120 | pages=733–750 |doi=10.1086/284027|jstor=2461170 |issue=6|s2cid= 83600491 }}</ref> These adaptations mean that when conditions are good, the survival rate is very high. One large [[Yellow Sea]] colony had hatching success of 73.5%, with 63.6% of the chicks fledging. The average productivity was 1.24&nbsp;fledged young per pair per year.<ref name= Chantler235/>

===Feeding===
All swifts feed on insects caught in flight, and the Pacific swift has been recorded as consuming bees, wasps, termites, moths and [[fly|flies]].<ref name= Chantler235/><ref name= hbw/> A Chinese study found that it caught a wide variety of insect prey and considered that most of the species eaten were harmful to agriculture or forestry, leading to improved agricultural yield in a number of geographical domaines.<ref name= cheng>{{cite journal |last= Cheng |first= Zhaoqin |author2=Zhou, Benxiang |year=1987 |title= Diet analyses of the large white-rumped swift, ''Apus pacificus'', at Chenlushan Island in the Yellow Sea and examination of their pattern of activities by radar | journal= Acta Zoologica Sinica | volume= 33| pages=180–186 }}</ref> The Pacific swift tends to hunt higher than [[Sympatry|sympatric]] swifts, sharing its airspace mainly with white-throated needletails. It typically feeds at heights up to {{convert|300|m|ft|abbr=on}}, only flying close to the ground in poor weather. It often forages near [[low-pressure area]]s, which serve both to raise insects from the ground and to give the swifts additional [[lift (force)|lift]]. The swifts circle through the insect swarms in flocks typically of tens or hundreds of birds, although sometimes reaching tens of thousands in [[Australia]]. In [[Siberia]], Pacific swifts feed at dusk to much later hours than the common swift, sometimes until midnight,<ref name= Chantler235/><ref name="aus"/> and [[Bird migration|migrant]]s have been seen flying with bats in the Philippines.<ref name= nuyt>{{cite journal |last= Nuytemans |first= H |year= 1998 |title= Notes on Philippine birds: interesting records from northern Luzon and Batan Island |journal= Forktail |volume= 14 |pages= 39–42 |url= http://birdingasia.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/09/Nuytemans-Philippine.pdf |access-date= 22 July 2013 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20140222032150/http://birdingasia.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/09/Nuytemans-Philippine.pdf |archive-date= 22 February 2014 |url-status= live }}</ref> The young are fed balls of insects bound with saliva. During bad weather, increased competition leads to malnourishment within populations, where young swifts are often not fed for days and survive on stored body fat.<ref name="Chantler35">Chantler & Driessens (2000) pp. 32–35.</ref>

==Predators and parasites==
Swifts spend most of their time in flight. Few birds have the necessary speed and agility to catch them, [[hobby (bird)|hobbies]] being the main exception. The nest sites are usually sufficiently inaccessible to be beyond the reach of snakes or mammalian predators.<ref name= Chantler36>Chantler & Driessens (2000) pp. 36–37.</ref>

This swift is host to [[feather mite]]s including ''[[Eustathia cultrifera]]'', ''[[Chauliacia canarisi]]'' and ''[[Chauliacia securigera|C. securigera]]''.<ref name= peterson>Peterson ''et al''. (2007) p. 136.</ref> Biting parasites include the [[Hippoboscidae|louse fly]] ''[[Crataerina pacifica]]'',<ref name=Iwasa>{{Cite journal| author = Iwasa, M| year = 2001| title = A new species of the genus ''Crataerina'' von Olfers (Diptera, Hippoboscidae) with reduced wings from ''Apus pacificus'' (Apodiformes, Apodidae) in Japan.| journal = Entomological Science| volume = 4| issue = 4| pages = 191–194| issn = 1343-8786| url = http://ci.nii.ac.jp/naid/110003374734/en| access-date = 17 August 2013| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140112130514/http://ci.nii.ac.jp/naid/110003374734/en| archive-date = 12 January 2014| url-status = live}}</ref> [[bat bug]]s and [[Prostigmata|sucking mites]].<ref name= thai/> [[Mallophaga|Chewing lice]] include two species first identified on this swift.<ref>{{cite journal |last= Nakagawa |first= Hiroshi |year= 1959 |title= Two new Mallophaga from the large white-rumped swift ''Apus pacificus pacificus'' (Latham), 1801 |journal= Japanese Journal of Sanitary Zoology |volume= 10 |pages= 164–168 |url= http://ci.nii.ac.jp/naid/110003824375 |doi= 10.7601/mez.10.164 |issue= 3 |access-date= 17 August 2013 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20150206191232/http://ci.nii.ac.jp/naid/110003824375 |archive-date= 6 February 2015 |url-status= live |doi-access= free }}</ref> [[Davaineidae|Davaineidae tapeworms]] have been found as internal parasites.<ref name= thai>{{cite journal |author1= Sangvaranond, Arkom|author2= Suthecha, Kaset|author3= Jittapalapong, Sathaporn|author4= Chimnoi, Wisanuwat |year= 2009 |title= Helminths and ectoparasites of Pacific Swift (Fork-tailed Swift) birds (''Apus pacificus'') from Maehongson Province |journal= Kasetsart Veterinarians |volume= 19 |pages= 48–59 |language= th, en |url= http://kasetsartjournal.ku.ac.th/kuj_files/2009/A0907171007462031.pdf |issue= 1 |access-date= 23 June 2013 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20150206190505/http://kasetsartjournal.ku.ac.th/kuj_files/2009/A0907171007462031.pdf |archive-date= 6 February 2015 |url-status= live }}</ref>

== Status ==
The Pacific swift has a very large range, exceeding 10,000,000&nbsp;km<sup>2</sup> (3,800,000&nbsp;mi<sup>2</sup>).<ref name = birdlife/> Its population is unknown, although it is common throughout its breeding range with no evidence of any decline. It is therefore classified by the International Union for Conservation of Nature as being of [[least concern]].<ref name=IUCN /> There appear to be no significant threats to this bird;<ref name = birdlife>{{cite web | title= Fork-tailed Swift ''Apus pacificus'' | work= Species factsheet | url= http://www.birdlife.org/datazone/speciesfactsheet.php?id=1785 | publisher= BirdLife International | access-date= 25 June 2013 | archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20131031000103/http://www.birdlife.org/datazone/speciesfactsheet.php?id=1785 | archive-date= 31 October 2013 | url-status= live }}</ref> predation is low, and this swift is not tied to a particular habitat. Some birds may die through misadventure or become exhausted when lost on migration (the first record for the [[Western Palaearctic]] was found resting on a [[North Sea]] [[Oil platform|gas platform]]),<ref name= bb>{{cite journal |last= Parker |first= Mike |date= February 1990 |title= Pacific Swift: new to the Western Palearctic |journal= British Birds |volume= 83 |issue= 2 |pages= 43–46 |url= https://britishbirds.co.uk/article/pacific-swift-new-to-the-western-palearctic/ |access-date= 4 February 2020 |archive-date= 21 June 2020 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20200621171547/https://britishbirds.co.uk/article/pacific-swift-new-to-the-western-palearctic/ |url-status= dead }}</ref> but swifts have high survival rates and are generally long-lived. The [[common swift]], a close relative of the Pacific swift, has been recorded as reaching 21&nbsp;years old.<ref name= Chantler36/>

== Notes ==
{{notelist}}

== Citations ==
{{Reflist|30em}}

==Cited texts==
* {{cite book | last= Brazil | first= Mark | year= 2009| title= Birds of East Asia|publisher = A & C Black | location =London | isbn = 978-0-7136-7040-0}}
* {{cite book | editor1-last= del Hoyo | editor1-first= Josep | editor2-last= Elliott | editor2-first= Andrew | editor3-last= Sargatal | editor3-first= Jordi | title= Handbook of the Birds of the World | volume= 5: ''Barn-owls to Hummingbirds'' | last= Chantler | first= Phillip | year= 1999 | chapter= Family Apodidae (Swifts) | publisher= Lynx Edicions | place= Barcelona, Spain | isbn= 84-87334-25-3 | chapter-url-access= registration | chapter-url= https://archive.org/details/handbookofbirdso0001unse | url-access= registration | url= https://archive.org/details/handbookofbirdso0001unse }}
* {{cite book | last= Chantler | first= Phillip |author2=Driessens, Gerard | year= 2000| title= Swifts: A Guide to the Swifts and Treeswifts of the World |publisher = Pica Press | location = London | isbn =1-873403-83-6 }}
* {{cite book| last= van Duivendijk | first= Nils | year=2011 | title= Advanced Bird ID Handbook: The Western Palearctic |publisher = New Holland | location = London| isbn = 978-1-78009-022-1 }}
* {{cite book | last= Jobling | first= James A | year= 2010| title= The Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names | url =https://archive.org/details/Helm_Dictionary_of_Scientific_Bird_Names_by_James_A._Jobling|publisher = Christopher Helm | location = London | isbn = 978-1-4081-2501-4 }}
* {{cite book | last= Kaufman | first= Kenn | year=2001 | title=Lives of North American Birds|publisher = Houghton Mifflin Harcourt | location = Oxford| isbn =0-618-15988-6 }}
* {{cite book | last= Latham | first= John | year= 1801| title= Supplementum indicis ornithologici sive systematis ornithologiae |language = la| url =https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_2vZAAAAAcAAJ|publisher = Leigh et Sotheby | location =Londoni }}
* {{cite book | last= Peterson | first= Paul | author2=Atyeo, Warren T |author3=Moss, W Wayne | year= 2007| title= Feather Mite Family Eustathiidae (Acarina: Sarcoptiformes): Monographs of The Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, No. 21 |publisher = Academy of Natural Sciences | location = Philadelphia | isbn =978-1-4223-1927-7 }}
* {{cite book | last= Scopoli | first= Giovanni Antonio | year= 1777| title= Introductio ad Historianum naturalem |language = la|publisher =Wolfgangum Gerle | location = Prague }}
* {{cite book | last= Simpson | first=Ken |author2=Day, Nicolas | year=2010 | title= A Field Guide to the Birds of Australia, 8th Edition |publisher = Penguin | location =London | isbn = 978-0-670-07231-6}}

== External links ==
* {{Commons category-inline|Apus pacificus|''Apus pacificus''}}
* {{Wikispecies inline|Apus pacificus|''Apus pacificus''}}

{{Taxonbar|from=Q31866}}

[[Category:Apus (genus)|Pacific swift]]
[[Category:Birds of North Asia]]
[[Category:Birds of East Asia]]
[[Category:Birds of Nepal]]
[[Category:Wintering birds of Oceania]]
[[Category:Birds described in 1801|Pacific swift]]
[[Category:Taxa named by John Latham (ornithologist)|Pacific swift]]