Editing Paihia

{{Short description|Town in Northland Region, New Zealand}}
{{use dmy dates|date=April 2022}}
{{use New Zealand English|date=April 2022}}
{{Infobox settlement
|name = Paihia
|image_skyline    = Paihia, Williams Road.jpg
|image_caption    = Williams Road
|subdivision_type = [[List of sovereign states|Country]]
|subdivision_name = New Zealand
|subdivision_type1= [[Regions of New Zealand|Region]]
|subdivision_name1= [[Northland Region]]
|subdivision_type2= [[Districts of New Zealand|District]]
|subdivision_name2= [[Far North District]]
|subdivision_type3= Ward
|subdivision_name3= Bay of Islands-Whangaroa Ward
|subdivision_type4= Community
|subdivision_name4= Bay of Islands-Whangaroa
|subdivision_type5= Subdivision
|subdivision_name5= Paihia
|leader_title     = Territorial Authority
|leader_name      = [[Far North District Council]]
|leader_title1    = Regional council
|leader_name1     = [[Northland Regional Council]]
|leader_title2    = [[Mayor of Far North]]
|leader_name2     = {{NZ officeholder data|Far North District Mayor|y}}
|leader_title3    = [[Northland (New Zealand electorate)|Northland MP]]
|leader_name3     = {{NZ officeholder data|Northland MP|y}}
|leader_title4    = [[Te Tai Tokerau|Te Tai Tokerau MP]]
|leader_name4     = {{NZ officeholder data|Te Tai Tokerau MP|y}}
|seat_type        = Electorates
|seat             = {{ubl|[[Northland (New Zealand electorate)|Northland]]|[[Te Tai Tokerau]]}}
|image_map        = {{infobox mapframe|coord={{coord|35|16|56|S|174|5|28|E}}|zoom=12}}
|coordinates      = {{coord|35|16|56|S|174|5|28|E|region:NZ|display=inline,title}}
|area_total_km2   = 2.24
|area_footnotes   = <ref name="Area"/>
|population_total = {{NZ population data 2018|Paihia|y}}
|population_as_of = {{NZ population data 2018|||y}}
|population_footnotes = {{NZ population data 2018||||y}}
|population_density_km2 = auto
|postal_code_type= [[Postcodes in New Zealand|Postcode(s)]]
|postal_code= 0200
}}
[[File:View of Paihia as seen from the ferry 20100301 1.jpg|thumbnail|A view of Paihia from the ferry to Russell]]
'''Paihia''' is a town in the [[Bay of Islands]] in the  Northland Region of the [[North Island]] of New Zealand. It is 60 kilometres north of [[Whangārei]], located close to the historic towns of [[Russell, New Zealand|Russell]] and [[Kerikeri]].  Missionary [[Henry Williams (missionary)|Henry Williams]] named the mission station ''Marsden's Vale''.<ref name="Fitzgerald2004">{{cite book | author=Caroline Fitzgerald | title=Letters from the Bay of Islands| year= 2004 | isbn=0-14-301929-5 | publisher= Penguin Books, New Zealand }}</ref><ref name="Fitzgerald2011">{{cite book | author=Caroline Fitzgerald | title= Te Wiremu - Henry Williams: Early Years in the North|year= 2011|isbn=978-1-86969-439-5| publisher= Huia Press }}</ref> Paihia eventually became the accepted name of the settlement.

Nearby to the north is the historic settlement of [[Waitangi, Northland|Waitangi]], and the residential and commercial area of Haruru Falls is to the west. The port and township of [[Opua]], and the small settlement of [[Te Haumi]], lie to the south.

== History and culture ==

===Origin of the Name===
The origin of the name "Paihia" is unclear. A popular attribution, most likely apocryphal, is that when Reverend Henry Williams first arrived in the Bay of Islands searching for a location for his mission station, he told his Māori guide, "Pai here," meaning "Good here," as his Māori vocabulary was limited.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://nzhistory.govt.nz/keyword/paihia|title=New Zealand History - Paihia}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.tourism.net.nz/new-zealand/about-new-zealand/regions/bay-of-islands/paihia/history.html|title=New Zealand Tourism Guide - Paihia History}}</ref>

===European settlement===
[[File:Paihia (48752075113) (cropped).jpg|thumb|left|Circa 1860s watercolour of Paihia by Mrs Woods]]
[[File:Pahia-Church.jpg|thumb|St. Paul's Anglican Church, built in 1925]]
Henry Williams<ref name="Fitzgerald2011"/> and his wife [[Marianne Williams|Marianne]]<ref name="Fitzgerald2004"/> settled in Paihia in 1823 and built the first church there the same year. [[William Williams (bishop)|William Williams]] and his wife [[Jane Williams (missionary)|Jane]] joined the Paihia mission in 1826.<ref name="Fitzgerald2011"/> [[Bishop]] [[William Grant Broughton]] (the first and only Bishop of Australia) visited the Paihia mission in 1838 and performed several firsts in New Zealand including the first [[Confirmation]] and [[Ordination]] ceremonies.<ref>Wises New Zealand Guide, 7th Edition, 1979. p.331</ref>

{{ship||Herald|1826 ship|2}} was a 55-ton [[schooner]] that the missionaries built and launched off the beach at Paihia on 24 January 1826.<ref name="Fitzgerald2011-1">{{cite book |last1= Fitzgerald  |first1= Caroline |title= Te Wiremu: Henry Williams – Early Years in the North |year=2011|publisher= Huia Publishers, New Zealand |isbn=978-1-86969-439-5 |pages=65–66 }}</ref><ref name="Fitzgerald2004-1">{{cite book |last1= Fitzgerald  |first1= Caroline |title= Marianne Williams: Letters from the Bay of Islands |year=2004|publisher= Penguin Books, New Zealand |isbn=0-14-301929-5  |pages=97–99 }}</ref><ref name="TREARA1">{{cite web| last = McLean | first = Gavin| work= 'Shipbuilding - The wooden era', Te Ara - the Encyclopedia of New Zealand |title= Launching the Herald |date = 20 July 2015 |url= http://www.teara.govt.nz/en/artwork/5460/launching-the-herald| access-date=14 February 2017}}</ref>

In December 1832 the first mention of [[cricket]] being played in New Zealand was recorded by Henry Williams.<ref name=SuperSport>{{cite web|url=http://www.supersport.com/cricket/content.aspx?id=20410|publisher=SuperSport|title=New Zealand Cricket Team|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303193935/https://supersport.com/cricket/content.aspx?id=20410|archive-date=3 March 2016}}</ref> In 1835 a game of cricket was witnessed here by [[Charles Darwin]],<ref name=Moa>Todd, S. (1976) ''Sporting Records of New Zealand.'' Auckland: Moa Publications. {{ISBN|0-908570-00-7}}</ref><ref name=TeAra66>{{cite web|url=http://www.teara.govt.nz/en/1966/cricket-mens/1|title=Beginnings|work=[[Te Ara: The Encyclopedia of New Zealand]] }}</ref> in December 1835 while the ''Beagle'' spent 10 days in the [[Bay of Islands]].<ref>Charles Darwin, ''Journal of a Voyage Round the World'', 1831-36</ref><ref>Caroline Fitzgerald, (2011) ''Te Wiremu - Henry Williams: Early Years in the North'' p. 219-230</ref>

In 1835 [[William Colenso]] set up the first [[printing press]] in New Zealand at Paihia.{{cn|date=February 2025}}

In 1850 the mission closed and Paihia declined to a very small settlement by 1890.<ref name=TeAra>{{cite web|url=http://www.TeAra.govt.nz/en/northland-places/page-7|title=7. Paihia and Waitangi – Northland places – Te Ara Encyclopedia of New Zealand|work=[[Te Ara: The Encyclopedia of New Zealand]] }}</ref>

===20th century===
The Williams Memorial Church of St Paul is an Anglican church in Paihia. It was constructed from 1925 to 1926 and was consecrated by Archbishop [[Alfred Averill]] in 1926. It was built to commemorate the Anglican missionary [[Henry Williams (missionary)|Henry Williams]] who established a mission at Paihia and converted many local Maori. [[Jones and Palmer]] designed the bluestone church. The church is the fourth to be built on the site and the oldest grave dates back to 1826.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Jones |first1=Martin |title=Williams Memorial Church of St Paul (Anglican) |url=https://www.heritage.org.nz/list-details/3824/Williams%20Memorial%20Church%20of%20St%20Paul%20(Anglican) |website=[[Heritage New Zealand]] |date=7 July 2002}}</ref>

The triptych stained glass windows above the pulpit were commissioned by the Williams Family Trust in commemoration of Sir Nigel Reed for the 175 year family reunion and installed by the artist in 1998. The windows, titled ''Te Ara O Te Manawa'' (Pathway of the Heart), are {{cvt|4|m2}} in total size.{{cn|date=February 2025}}

In 1925 a road was constructed to Puketona<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.paihia.co.nz/History.cfm|title=Thumbnail History of Paihia - as a time-line|work=paihia.co.nz|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130413232107/http://www.paihia.co.nz/History.cfm|archive-date=13 April 2013}}</ref> on the main road from Kawakawa to Kerikeri (now [[New Zealand State Highway 10|State Highway 10]]) leading to an increase in tourism in the 1930s.<ref name=TeAra/>

==Demographics==
[[File:Paihia, New Zealand.jpg|thumb|Ferry terminal and highway]]
Paihia covers {{Convert|2.24|km2||abbr=on}} extending from the [[Waitangi River (Far North District)|Waitangi River]] in the north to the [[Haumi River]] in the south<ref name="Area">{{Cite web|title=ArcGIS Web Application|url=https://statsnz.maps.arcgis.com/apps/webappviewer/index.html?id=6f49867abe464f86ac7526552fe19787| access-date=12 April 2022|website=statsnz.maps.arcgis.com}}</ref> and had an estimated population of {{NZ population data 2023 SA2|Paihia|y}} as of {{NZ population data 2023 SA2|||y|y||,}} with a population density of {{Decimals|{{formatnum:{{NZ population data 2023 SA2|Paihia|y}}|R}}/2.24|0}} people per km<sup>2</sup>.

{{Historical populations|2006|1,299|2013|1,290|2018|1,512|2023|1,623|percentages=pagr|align=left|source=<ref name="Census 2018">{{NZ census 2018|Paihia (103900)|paihia|Paihia}}</ref><ref name="Census 2023"/>}}
Paihia had a population of 1,623 in the [[2023 New Zealand census]], an increase of 111 people (7.3%) since the [[2018 New Zealand census|2018 census]], and an increase of 333 people (25.8%) since the [[2013 New Zealand census|2013 census]]. There were 825 males, 792 females and 3 people of [[non-binary gender|other genders]] in 753 dwellings.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://explore.data.stats.govt.nz/vis?fs[0]=2023%20Census%2C0%7CTotals%20by%20topic%23CAT_TOTALS_BY_TOPIC%23&pg=0&fc=Variable%20codes&bp=true&snb=9&df[ds]=ds-nsiws-disseminate&df[id]=CEN23_TBT_005&df[ag]=STATSNZ&df[vs]=1.0&dq=doTotal%2Bdo1.1032.2023&ly[rw]=CEN23_TBT_DWD_003|publisher=Stats NZ – Tatauranga Aotearoa – Aotearoa Data Explorer|access-date=3 October 2024|title=Totals by topic for dwellings, (RC, TALB, UR, SA3, SA2, Ward, Health), 2013, 2018, and 2023 Censuses}}</ref> 3.0% of people identified as [[LGBTQ|LGBTIQ+]]. The median age was 51.0 years (compared with 38.1 years nationally). There were 189 people (11.6%) aged under 15 years, 234 (14.4%) aged 15 to 29, 738 (45.5%) aged 30 to 64, and 456 (28.1%) aged 65 or older.<ref name="Census 2023"/>

People could identify as more than one ethnicity. The results were 66.7% [[European New Zealanders|European]] ([[Pākehā]]); 35.1% [[Māori people|Māori]]; 6.5% [[Pasifika New Zealanders|Pasifika]]; 7.9% [[Asian New Zealanders|Asian]]; 1.5% Middle Eastern, Latin American and African New Zealanders (MELAA); and 1.7% other, which includes people giving their ethnicity as "New Zealander". English was spoken by 97.4%, Māori language by 11.5%, Samoan by 0.6% and other languages by 11.8%. No language could be spoken by 1.3% (e.g. too young to talk). [[New Zealand Sign Language]] was known by 0.6%. The percentage of people born overseas was 26.8, compared with 28.8% nationally.

Religious affiliations were 32.9% [[Christianity in New Zealand|Christian]], 0.7% [[Hinduism in New Zealand|Hindu]], 0.6% [[Islam in New Zealand|Islam]], 3.5% [[Māori religious beliefs]], 1.3% [[Buddhism in New Zealand|Buddhist]], 0.2% [[New Age]], and 2.6% other religions. People who answered that they had [[Irreligion in New Zealand|no religion]] were 52.3%, and 5.7% of people did not answer the census question.

Of those at least 15 years old, 174 (12.1%) people had a bachelor's or higher degree, 744 (51.9%) had a post-high school certificate or diploma, and 450 (31.4%) people exclusively held high school qualifications. The median income was $35,100, compared with $41,500 nationally. 111 people (7.7%) earned over $100,000 compared to 12.1% nationally. The employment status of those at least 15 was that 630 (43.9%) people were employed full-time, 210 (14.6%) were part-time, and 48 (3.3%) were unemployed.<ref name="Census 2023">{{Cite web|url=https://explore.data.stats.govt.nz/vis?fs[0]=2023%20Census%2C0%7CTotals%20by%20topic%23CAT_TOTALS_BY_TOPIC%23&pg=0&fc=Variable%20codes&bp=true&snb=9&df[ds]=ds-nsiws-disseminate&df[id]=CEN23_TBT_008&df[ag]=STATSNZ&df[vs]=1.0&dq=hq011%2Bhq010%2Bhq009%2Bhq008%2Bhq007%2Bhq006%2Bhq005%2Bhq004%2Bhq003%2Bhq002%2Bhq001%2Bhq000%2Bws1%2Bsp99%2Bra80%2Bra08%2Bra07%2Bra06%2Bra05%2Bra01%2Bra04%2Bra03%2Bra02%2Bra00%2Brb1%2Bls66%2Bls03%2Bls02%2Bls05%2Bls04%2Bls01%2Beg6%2Beg5%2Beg4%2Beg3%2Beg2%2Beg1%2BbiTotal%2Bbi0%2Bbi1%2BasTotalLG%2Bas4%2Bas3%2Bas2%2Bas1%2Bws4%2Bws3%2Bws2%2Bge3%2Bge2%2Bge1%2Brc%2BasMed%2BegTotal%2BlsTotal%2BgeTotal%2BrbTotal%2BraTotal%2BhqTotal%2BibTotal%2Bibmed%2BwsTotal.1032.2013%2B2018%2B2023&to[TIME]=false&ly[rw]=CEN23_TBT_IND_003&ly[cl]=CEN23_YEAR_001|publisher=Stats NZ – Tatauranga Aotearoa – Aotearoa Data Explorer|access-date=3 October 2024|title=Totals by topic for individuals, (RC, TALB, UR, SA3, SA2, Ward, Health), 2013, 2018, and 2023 Censuses|at=Paihia (1032)}}</ref>

==Marae==
Te Tii Waitangi marae and Te Tiriti o Waitangi meeting house in Te Tī Bay at the northern end of Paihia are affiliated with the [[Ngāpuhi]] [[hapū]] of [[Ngāti Kawa]] and [[Ngāti Rāhiri (Ngāpuhi)|Ngāti Rāhiri]].<ref name="maorimaps">{{cite web |title=Te Tii Waitangi |url= https://maorimaps.com/marae/te-tii-waitangi |website=Māori Maps |publisher=Te Potiki National Trust}}</ref><ref name="tkmentry">{{cite web |title=Ngāpuhi |url= https://www.tkm.govt.nz/iwi/ngapuhi/ |website=Te Kāhui Māngai |publisher=[[Te Puni Kōkiri]]}}</ref> In October 2020, the Government committed $66,234 from the [[Provincial Growth Fund]] to replacing all roofs at the marae.<ref name="maraepgf">{{cite web |title=Marae Announcements |url=https://www.growregions.govt.nz/assets/funding-announcements/marae-announcements.xlsx |website=growregions.govt.nz |publisher=[[Provincial Growth Fund]] |format=Excel |date=9 October 2020}}</ref>

==Education==

Paihia School is a coeducational full primary (years 1–8) school with a roll of {{NZ school roll data|1072|y}} students as of {{NZ school roll data|||y|y||.}}<ref>{{TKI|1072|Paihia School}}</ref>

==Climate==
[[Köppen-Geiger climate classification system]] classifies its climate as [[oceanic climate|oceanic]] (Cfb),<ref name="Climate-Data.org">{{Cite web |url=http://en.climate-data.org/location/25607/ |title=Climate: Paihia - Climate graph, Temperature graph, Climate table |publisher=Climate-Data.org |access-date=2014-01-20 }}</ref> but it is [[rain]]ier in winter. It has strong [[subtropical climate|subtropical]] influence and is classified as such under the [[Trewartha climate classification|Trewartha system]] due to its consistent warm temperatures, and is the mildest weather station in New Zealand.

{{Weather box|width=auto
|metric first=y
|single line=y 
|collapsed = Y
|location = Paihia (Waitangi Forest) (1991–2020)
|Jan high C = 	24.2
|Feb high C = 	24.3
|Mar high C = 	23.1
|Apr high C = 	20.7
|May high C = 	18.8
|Jun high C = 	16.6
|Jul high C = 	15.9
|Aug high C = 	16.1
|Sep high C = 	17.7
|Oct high C = 	19.1
|Nov high C = 	20.4
|Dec high C = 	22.8
| year high C = 	
|Jan mean C = 	19.4
|Feb mean C = 	20.0
|Mar mean C = 	18.7
|Apr mean C = 	16.5
|May mean C = 	14.8
|Jun mean C = 	12.3
|Jul mean C = 	11.6
|Aug mean C = 	12.0
|Sep mean C = 	13.4
|Oct mean C = 	14.5
|Nov mean C = 	15.9
|Dec mean C = 	18.2
| year mean C = 	
|Jan low C = 	14.7
|Feb low C = 	15.8
|Mar low C = 	14.3
|Apr low C = 	12.3
|May low C = 	10.8
|Jun low C = 	7.9
|Jul low C = 	7.2
|Aug low C = 	7.8
|Sep low C = 	9.0
|Oct low C = 	10.0
|Nov low C = 	11.4
|Dec low C = 	13.6
| year low C = 	
|rain colour = green	
|Jan rain mm = 	84.9
|Feb rain mm = 	125.5
|Mar rain mm = 	169.4
|Apr rain mm = 	120.7
|May rain mm = 	95.3
|Jun rain mm = 	140.3
|Jul rain mm = 	134.5
|Aug rain mm = 	119.1
|Sep rain mm = 	133.5
|Oct rain mm = 	115.4
|Nov rain mm = 	97.6
|Dec rain mm = 	88.0
|year rain mm = 	
|Jan sun = 	229.4
|Feb sun = 	176.8
|Mar sun = 	163.5
|Apr sun = 	148.4
|May sun = 	145.6
|Jun sun = 	112.9
|Jul sun = 	142.5
|Aug sun = 	142.2
|Sep sun = 	161.5
|Oct sun = 	206.8
|Nov sun = 	174.6
|Dec sun = 	199.9
|year sun =
|source 1 = NIWA<ref name= NIWA>
{{cite web
|url = http://cliflo.niwa.co.nz
|title = CliFlo – National Climate Database : Waitangi Forest
|publisher = NIWA
|access-date = 20 May 2024}}</ref>
}}

{{wide image|Taiputuputu Pahi.jpg|1100px|Taiputuputu Pahi Beach looking north toward Paihia wharf and Motumarie
|alt=Panorama of Taiputuputu Pahi Beach looking north towards Paihia Wharf and Motumarie }}

==Notes==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{Wikivoyage|Paihia}}
{{Commons category|Paihia}}
* [http://www.paihia.co.nz/ Paihia - Jewel of the Bay of Islands (History - A Time Line)]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20110723023521/http://www.bayofislands.net/maps/paihia/ Paihia map]
* [http://paihia.school.nz/ Paihia School website]

{{Authority control}}
{{Far North District}}
[[Category:Far North District]]
[[Category:Populated places in the Northland Region]]
[[Category:Bay of Islands]]