Editing Pandora archive

{{Short description|Australian national web archive}}
{{Redirect|PANDORA||Pandora (disambiguation)}}
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{{Infobox website
| name               = PANDORA
| logo               = 
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| caption            = 
| url                = {{Official website|http://pandora.nla.gov.au/}}
| commercial         = No<!-- "Yes", "No" or leave blank -->
| type               = [[Web archiving|Web archive]]
| registration       = 
| num_users          = 
| content_license    = <!-- or: | content_licence = -->
| programming_language = PANDORA Digital Archiving System (PANDAS) v.3 
| owner              = [[National Library of Australia]]<!-- or: | owners = -->
| author             = National Library of Australia and partner organisations<!-- or: creator / authors / creators -->
| editor             = <!-- or: | editors = -->
| launch_date        = {{start date and age|df=y|1996|10}}
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| alexa              = <!-- {{increase}} {{steady}} {{decrease}} [http://www.alexa.com/siteinfo/example.com ##] (US/Global MM/YYYY) -->
| issn               = <!-- ISSN, e.g. 1085-6706 (automatically linked to http://www.WorldCat.org) -->
| oclc               = <!-- OCLC number, useful where an ISSN has not been allocated (automatically linked to http://www.WorldCat.org) -->
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'''PANDORA''', or '''Pandora''', is a national [[Web archiving|web archive]] for the preservation of Australia's online publications. Established by the [[National Library of Australia]] in 1996, it has been built in collaboration with Australian state libraries and cultural collecting organisations, including the [[Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies]], the [[Australian War Memorial]], and the [[National Film and Sound Archive]].<ref name=hist>{{cite web|title=History and Achievements|url=http://pandora.nla.gov.au/historyachievements.html|publisher=PANDORA|date=18 February 2009}}</ref> It is now one of three components of the [[Australian Web Archive]].

The name, PANDORA, is a [[bacronym]] which describes its purpose: Preserving and Accessing Networked Documentary Resources of Australia.<ref name=about>{{cite web | title=About Pandora | website=Pandora Archive | date=5 June 2018 | url=https://pandora.nla.gov.au/about.html | access-date=1 May 2020}}</ref>

==History==

The National Library of Australia (NLA) began selecting suitable online publications at the beginning of 1996, after recognising "the need to preserve Australia's documentary heritage in online formats as well as in the traditional formats of its existing collections". After investigating the landscape of "Australian electronic publications" between 1993 and 1996, staff (initially four) were committed to the PANDORA program.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Hegarty |first=Kieran |date=2022-07-25 |title=The invention of the archived web: tracing the influence of library frameworks on web archiving infrastructure |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/24701475.2022.2103988 |journal=Internet Histories |volume=6 |issue=4 |language=en |pages=432–451 |doi=10.1080/24701475.2022.2103988 |s2cid=251081177 |issn=2470-1475|url-access=subscription }}</ref> Following a six-month period of testing and experimentation, the NLA committed to collecting materials in online formats. A system to store, manage and provide access to these online publications was built by the NLA, which includes PANDORA, a set of policies and procedures and a technical infrastructure.<ref name=selection>{{cite web | title=NLA Selection Guidelines | website=Pandora Archive | date=5 June 2018 | url=https://pandora.nla.gov.au/selectionguidelines.html | access-date=30 April 2020}}</ref>

The first two titles were downloaded in October 1996. By June 1997 the archive contained 31 titles.<ref name=whiting/> With the sheer volume of content that needed archiving, it was essential to collaborate with other organisations, and in 1998 the [[State Library of Victoria]] came on board.<ref name=selection/> By 2000, 600 titles had been archived, at which time the website was redesigned. The new site added subject-level access to titles and included documents relating to the PANDORA project.<ref name=whiting>{{cite web|last=Whiting|first=Julie|title=New look marks milestone for PANDORA Tour de Force|url=http://www.nla.gov.au/ntwkpubs/gw/46/p01a01.html|archive-url=https://webarchive.nla.gov.au/awa/20040523140000/http://pandora.nla.gov.au/pan/11779/20040524-0000/www.nla.gov.au/ntwkpubs/gw/46/p01a01.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=2004-05-23|work=National Library of Australia: Gateways|publisher=National Library of Australia|access-date=17 March 2014|date=August 2000}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref>

In August 1998 the [[State Library of Victoria]] became a participant in adding content. In 2000, [[ScreenSound Australia]] (now National Film and Sound Archive) joined as a collaborating partner.<ref>{{cite journal|first= Colin |last=Webb |date=December 2000|title=Because It Belongs to All of Us: National Arrangements for Digital Preservation in Australian Libraries, Australian Academic & Research Libraries|journal=Australian Academic and Research Libraries |volume= 31|issue=4|pages=154–172| doi= 10.1080/00048623.2000.10755132|issn= 1839-471X|quote=Published online: 28 Oct 2013 [Routledge]|doi-access=free}}</ref> By 2003, all of the mainland State libraries, the [[Northern Territory Library]], the [[National Film and Sound Archive]], the [[Australian War Memorial]]<ref name=selection/> and the [[Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies]] (AIATSIS)<ref name="Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies">{{cite web | title=Pandora Archive | website=Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies | url=https://aiatsis.gov.au/form/pandora-archive | access-date=30 April 2020}}</ref> had become participants. The [[State Library of Tasmania]] has not participated in PANDORA, at the time of inception running its own web archiving project called ''[[Our Digital Island]]''.<ref>{{cite web | title=Other archives| website=Pandora Archive | date=24 August 2011 | url=https://pandora.nla.gov.au/otherpeoplesarchives.html | access-date=30 April 2020}}</ref>

==Description==

===Selection criteria===
The PANDORA archive collects certain Australian web resources according to a specified selection policy, preserves them, and makes them available for viewing. Content must be about Australia, and is selected based on its cultural significance and research value; and must be "on a subject of social, political, cultural, religious, scientific or economic significance and relevance to Australia and be written by an Australian author; or be written by an Australian recognised authority and constitute a contribution to international knowledge".<ref name=criteria>{{cite web | title=NLA Selection Guidelines | website=Pandora Archive | date=5 June 2018 | url=https://pandora.nla.gov.au/selectionguidelines.html | access-date=1 May 2020}}</ref>

The provision for [[legal deposit]] of digital format publications was added to the ''[[Australian Copyright Act 1968]]'' in 2016 so the National Library of Australia may copy Australian websites without acquiring permission.<ref>{{cite web|title=WHAT IS LEGAL DEPOSIT?|url=http://www.nla.gov.au/legal-deposit/what-is-legal-deposit|publisher=National Library of Australia|access-date=2 February 2014}}</ref> They do notify publishers before copying a website to the PANDORA archive, and may request publisher assistance if required.<ref>{{cite web|title=Notice to Publisher of Online Material|url=http://www.nla.gov.au/legal-deposit/request|publisher=National Library of Australia|access-date=2 February 2014}}</ref>

Selection also gives priority to six categories of publication:<ref name=criteria/>
*[[Australian Government|Commonwealth]] and [[Australian Capital Territory|ACT]] government publications
*Publications of [[tertiary education]] institutions
*[[Conference proceedings]] 
*[[E-journal]]s
*Titles referred by [[Subject indexing|indexing]] and [[abstracting]] agencies
*Topical sites in nominated subject areas, collected on a rolling three-year basis, and those documenting issues of current social or political interest (such as elections, Sydney Olympics)

As time and staff resources permit, high quality sites outside these categories may be included, within certain guidelines, for instance, "Personal sites will usually only be selected if they provide information of outstanding research value unavailable elsewhere or if they are of exceptional quality or particular interest".

==={{anchor}}Software===
The archival management system called PANDAS (PANDORA Digital Archiving System) is used to add a title into PANDORA. This was developed and is maintained by the National Library of Australia. The latest version is PANDAS 3, which was deployed in mid-2007.<ref name=pandas3>{{cite web | title=Digital Archiving System | website=Pandora Archive | date=27 June 2007 | url=https://pandora.nla.gov.au/pandas.html | access-date=1 May 2020}}</ref>

==Current and future status==
In March 2019 it became part of larger the [[Australian Web Archive]], which comprises the PANDORA Archive, the [[Australian Government Web Archive]] (AGWA) and the National Library's ".au" [[web domain|domain]] collections, using a single interface in [[Trove]] which is publicly available.<ref>{{cite web | title=Preserving and Accessing Networked DOcumentary Resources of Australia | website=Pandora Archive | url=https://pandora.nla.gov.au/ | access-date=30 April 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | title=Australian web archive | website=Trove | url=https://trove.nla.gov.au/website?q= | access-date=30 April 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | title=Archived websites | website=National Library of Australia | date=23 March 2020 | url=https://www.nla.gov.au/what-we-collect/archived-websites | access-date=30 April 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | title=The Australian Government Web Archive | website=National Library of Australia | date=11 February 2015 |first=Paul|last=Koerbin| url=https://www.nla.gov.au/stories/blog/web-archiving/2015/02/11/the-australian-government-web-archive | access-date=30 April 2020}}</ref>

{{As of |March 2020}}, there were 62,959 archived titles, using 49.63 [[terabyte|TB]] of data.<ref>{{cite web | title=Statistics | website=Pandora Archive | date=26 February 2020 | url=http://pandora.nla.gov.au/statistics.html | access-date=30 April 2020}}</ref>

==See also==
*[[Australian Bibliographic Network]]
*[[Internet Archive]]
*[[National Digital Library Program]] (NDLP), US digital library created by scanning the resources of the Library of Congress
*[[National Digital Information Infrastructure and Preservation Program]] (NDIIPP) - US 
*[[National edeposit]] (NED) - Australia 
*[[Trove]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==Further reading==
*Crook, Edgar (August 2006). "[https://webarchive.nla.gov.au/awa/20070525063525/http://pandora.nla.gov.au/pan/11779/20070524-0000/www.nla.gov.au/pub/gateways/issues/82/story01.html The Work of Pandora]". ''National Library of Australia Gateways.'' Vol. 82.
*{{cite conference
| url =https://researchoutput.csu.edu.au/ws/portalfiles/portal/9628519/CSU285401.pdf
| title =Separating the wheat from the chaff: Identifying key elements in the NLA .au domain harvest
| author =Fellows, Geoff
| author2 =Harvey, Ross
| author3 =Lloyd, Annemaree
| author4 =Pymm, Bob
| author5 =Wallis, Jake
| date =30 November 2007
|publication-date=2008
| conference =Fourth Research Applications in Library and Information Studies Seminar (RAILS4)
| volume = 39
| book-title =RAILS4
| publisher =ALIA
| location =[[State Library of Victoria]], Melbourne
| pages =137–148
}}
*Hegarty, Kieran (July 2022). "[[doi:10.1080/24701475.2022.2103988|The invention of the archived web: tracing the influence of library frameworks on web archiving infrastructure]]". ''Internet Histories.''
*{{cite web | title=Preserving Australia's Web History:The beginning of the Australian Web Archive|first=Amelia|last=McKenzie | website=National Library of Australia | date=12 March 2019 | url=https://www.nla.gov.au/stories/blog/trove/2019/03/12/preserving-australias-web-history }}

==External links==
*{{Official website|http://pandora.nla.gov.au/}}
*[http://www.nla.gov.au/ National Library of Australia]
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[[Category:1996 establishments in Australia]]
[[Category:Archives in Australia]]
[[Category:Australian digital libraries]]
[[Category:Internet in Australia]]
[[Category:Web archiving initiatives]]
[[Category:National Library of Australia]]
[[Category:Online archives of Australia]]