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{{italic title}} {{short description|Section of a biblical book in the Masoretic Text}} {{about|section divisions throughout the Tanakh|the weekly portion (Parashat HaShavua)|Weekly Torah portion}} [[File:Aleppo Codex (Deut).jpg|thumb|right|300px|A page from the [[Aleppo Codex]], Deuteronomy 32:50β33:29. ''Parashah'' breaks visible on this page are as follows: {P} 33:1β6 (right column blank line 8th from top) {S} 33:7 (right column indentation line 23) {P} 33:8β11 (right column blank line 2nd from bottom) {S} 33:12 (middle column 1st indentation) {S} 33:13β17 (middle column 2nd indentation) {S} 33:18β19 (left column indentation at top) {S} 33:20β21 (left column space in middle of 6th line) {S} 33:22 (left column 13th line indentation) {S} 33:24β39 (left column 17th line indentation).]] The term '''''parashah''''', '''''parasha''''' or '''''parashat''''' ({{langx|he|Χ€ΦΈΦΌΧ¨ΦΈΧ©ΦΈΧΧ}} ''PΔrΔΕ‘Γ’'', "portion", [[Tiberian Hebrew|Tiberian]] {{IPA|/pΙrΙΛΚΙ/|}}, [[Sephardi Hebrew|Sephardi]] {{IPA|/paraΛΚa/|}}, plural: ''parashot'' or ''parashiyot'', also called '''''parsha''''') formally means a section of a biblical book in the [[Masoretic Text]] of the [[Tanakh]] ([[Hebrew Bible]]). In common usage today the word often refers to the [[weekly Torah portion]] (a shortened form of ''Parashat HaShavua''). This article deals with the first, formal meaning of the word. In the Masoretic Text, ''parashah'' sections are designated by various types of spacing between them, as found in [[Torah scroll]]s, scrolls of the books of [[Nevi'im]] or [[Ketuvim]] (especially the [[five megillot|Megillot]]), masoretic [[codex|codices]] from the [[Middle Ages]] and printed editions of the masoretic text. The division of the text into ''parashot'' for the biblical books is independent of [[Chapters and verses of the Bible|chapter and verse numbers]], which are not part of the masoretic tradition. ''Parashot'' are not numbered, but some have special names. The division of ''parashot'' found in the modern-day Torah scrolls of all Jewish communities is based upon the systematic list provided by [[Maimonides]] in [[Mishneh Torah]], ''Laws of Tefillin, Mezuzah and Torah Scrolls'', chapter 8. Maimonides based his division of the ''parashot'' for the Torah on the [[Aleppo Codex]].<ref>Though initially doubted by [[Umberto Cassuto]], this has become the established position in modern scholarship. As GoshenβGottstein, Penkower, and Ofer have shown, Cassuto's doubts were based upon apparent discrepancies he noted between the ''parashah'' divisions in the Aleppo Codex and those recorded by Maimonides. However, the most striking of these apparent discrepancies are rooted in the faulty manuscripts and printed editions of Maimonides that Cassuto consulted (as noted in his personal journals), while the remaining cases can be reasonably explained as differing interpretations of very small spaces in the Aleppo Codex. Furthermore, the best manuscripts of Maimonides describe highly unusual implementations of spacing techniques that are found in no other masoretic manuscript besides the Aleppo Codex. Full explanations of each individual discrepancy appear in the notes to this article.</ref> The division of ''parashot'' for the books of [[Nevi'im]] and [[Ketuvim]] was never completely standardized in printed Hebrew bibles and handwritten scrolls, though important attempts were made to document it and create fixed rules. Incorrect division of the text into ''parashot'', either by indicating a ''parashah'' in the wrong place or by using the wrong spacing technique, [[halakhah|halakhically]] invalidates a [[Torah scroll]] according to Maimonides.<ref>For more details see the section on [[#Halakhic significance|Halakhic significance]] below.</ref> == Purpose == A ''parashah'' break creates a textual pause, roughly analogous to a modern [[paragraph]] break.<ref>For a general description of the section divisions and their purpose, see Emanuel Tov, ''Textual Criticism of the Hebrew Bible'', 2nd revised edition (Minneapolis: Fortress Press, 2001), pp. 50-51.</ref> Such a pause usually has one of the following purposes: #In most cases, a new ''parashah'' begins where a new topic or a new thought is clearly indicated in the biblical text. #In many places, however, the ''parashah'' divisions are used even in places where it is clear that no new topic begins, in order to highlight a special verse by creating a textual pause before it or after it (or both). #A special example of #2 is for lists: The individual elements in many biblical lists are separated by ''parashah'' spacing of one type or another.<ref>This phenomenon often borders on "song" format. The various types and degrees of "song" format as a sophisticated expansion of the ''parashah'' spaces in the Tiberian masoretic manuscripts has been analyzed at length by [[Mordechai Breuer]] in ''The Aleppo Codex and the Accepted Text of the Bible'' (Jerusalem: Mosad Harav Kook, 1976), pp. 149-165 (Hebrew).</ref> To decide exactly where a new topic or thought begins within a biblical text involves a degree of subjectivity on the part of the reader. This subjective element may help explain differences amongst the various masoretic codices in some details of the section divisions (though their degree of conformity is high). It may also explain why certain verses which might seem like introductions to a new topic lack a section division, or why such divisions sometimes appear in places where no new topic seems indicated. For this reason, the ''parashah'' divisions may at times contribute to biblical [[exegesis]].<ref>Tov, p. 51: "The subdivision into open and closed sections reflects exegesis on the extent of the content units... It is possible that the subjectivity of this exegesis created the extant differences between the various sources. What in one Masoretic manuscript is indicated as an open section may appear in another as a closed section, while the indication of a section may be altogether absent in yet a third source. Nevertheless, a certain uniformity is visible in the witnesses of M."</ref> == History == ''Parashot'' appear in manuscripts as early as the [[Dead Sea Scrolls]], in which the division is generally similar to that found in the masoretic text.<ref>"The division of the text in the Qumran scrolls into content units reflects in general terms the system of ''parashiyyot'' that was later accepted in M: a space in the middle of the line to denote a minor subdivision and a space extending from the last word in the line to the end of the line, to denote a major subdivision..." (Tov, p. 210). "Although the medieval manuscripts continue the tradition of the proto-Masoretic texts from Qumran in general, they often differ with regard to the indication of individual section breaks..." (ibid., p. 50). Data on the manuscript evidence for ''parashot'' beginning with the Dead Sea Scrolls is collated in the ''[[Hebrew University Bible Project]]''.</ref> The idea of spacing between portions, including the idea of "open" and "closed" portions, is mentioned in early midrashic literature<ref>''Dibbura de-Nedava'' (introduction to ''Sifrei'' on Leviticus).</ref> and the Talmud. Early masoretic lists detailing the Babylonian tradition include systematic and detailed discussion of exactly where portions begin and which type they are. As a group, [[Masoretic Text|Tiberian Masoretic]] codices share similar but not identical ''parashah'' divisions throughout the Bible. Unlike the Babylonian ''[[Niqqud|mesorah]]'', however, Tiberian masoretic notes never mention the ''parashah'' divisions or attempt to systematize them. This is related to the fact that the Babylonian lists are independent compositions, while the Tiberian notes are in the margins of the biblical text itself, which shows the ''parashot'' in a highly visible way. In the centuries following the Tiberian Masoretic Text, there were ever-increasing efforts to document and standardize the details of the ''parashah'' divisions, especially for the Torah, and even for [[Nevi'im]] and [[Ketuvim]] as time went on. == Spacing techniques == [[File:Sefer-torah-vayehi-binsoa.jpg|thumb|left|200px|Illustration of a closed section followed by an open section in a modern Torah scroll (closed at Numbers 10:35 and open at 11:1). Note the rare occurrence of "[[Masoretic Text#Inverted letters|inverted Nun]]" at these two points.]] In most modern Torah scrolls and Jewish editions of the Bible, there are two types of ''parashot'', an "open portion" (''parashah petuhah'') and a "closed portion" (''parashah setumah''). An "open portion" is roughly similar to a modern paragraph: The text of the previous portion ends before the end of the column (leaving a space at the end of the line), and the new "open" portion starts at the beginning of the next line (but with no indentation). A "closed portion", on the other hand, leaves a space in the ''middle'' of the line of text, where the previous portion ends before the space, and the next portion starts after it, towards the end of the line of text. In some manuscripts and in many printed editions, an "open portion" (''petuhah'') is abbreviated with the Hebrew letter "Χ€" (''peh''), and a "closed portion" (''setumah'') with the Hebrew letter "Χ‘" (''samekh''), often in place of the visual gap in the line.<ref>The abbreviations are most often used in Hebrew editions of the Bible with commentaries, and in older one-volume editions of the Tanakh published through the first half of the 20th century. Though most current Jewish editions use the actual spacing techniques instead of the abbreviations, they are still used some in one-volume editions, most prominently in [[Biblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia]].</ref> Rough English equivalents are "P" and "S" respectively.<ref>As implemented [http://mechon-mamre.org/e/et/et0.htm here].</ref> In masoretic codices and in medieval scrolls, these two spacing techniques allowed for a larger range of options: * An "open portion" ''always started at the beginning of a new line''. This could happen the way described above, but also by leaving a ''blank line'' between the two portions, thus allowing the previous portion to sometimes entirely fill its last line of text. * A "closed portion" ''never began at the beginning of a line''. This could happen as in modern scrolls (a space in the middle of a line), but also by the previous portion ending before the end of the line, and the new portion beginning on the next line after an indentation. Open portions often seem to reflect the beginning of a new topic or a major subdivision within a biblical book, while closed portions seem to reflect smaller units or minor subdivisions.<ref>Tov, pp. 50-51, 210-211. However, no comprehensive and systematic study of the matter has even been done.</ref> Most printed Hebrew bibles today represent the ''parashot'' using the more limited techniques found in typical modern Torah scrolls: A space in the middle of a line for a closed portion, and beginning at the start of the next line for an open portion (not a blank line). A notable exception is ''The [[Jerusalem Crown]]'' (The Bible of the [[Hebrew University]] of Jerusalem, 2000), whose typography and layout is fashioned after the [[Aleppo Codex]], and follows the medieval spacing techniques for ''parashah'' divisions by leaving an empty line for {P} and starts {S} on a new line with an indentation.<ref>[[Maimonides]] and [[Rabbeinu Asher]] (''Rosh'') differ on their definition of 'Open' and 'Closed' sections ('''Χ€Χ¨Χ©Χ Χ€ΧͺΧΧΧ ΧΧ€Χ¨Χ©Χ Χ‘ΧͺΧΧΧ'''). The present custom of Askhenazi and Sephardic scribes is to compromise, where both an Open and Closed section end in the middle of the line, but in an Open section the next section commences on the following line, whereas in a Closed section, the next section commences on the same line after a short blank space (Soncino edition, ''Shabbat'' 103b, note c [2]). The Yemenite custom follows the practice of Maimonides.</ref> Medieval Ashkenazic sources beginning with the [[Mahzor Vitry]] also refer to a third spacing technique called a ''parashah sedurah''. This involved starting a new ''parashah'' at the same point in the line where the previous ''parashah'' ended on the line above. == Halakhic significance == === Validity of scrolls === According to the ruling of Maimonides, any error regarding a ''parashah'' completely invalidates a Torah scroll. This includes a ''parashah'' in the wrong place, of the wrong type, or a missing ''parashah''.<ref>{{cite book | author=Maimonides | title=Laws of Tefillin, Mezuzah and Torah Scrolls | at=10:1}}</ref> However, there is also a responsum by Maimonides <ref>Blau, responsum #294; also appears in ''Shu"t HaRambam Pe'er HaDor'' #9, and is thus cited by Rabbi [[Ovadiah Yosef]] in ''Yehaveh Da'at'' VI:56.</ref> in which he ruled that one may recite a blessing over reading from an invalid scroll, based on the reasoning that the commandment is in the reading itself, not in the text being read from. Maimonides' strict ruling that any error in the ''parashot'' completely invalidates a Torah scroll led to a major [[halakhah|halakhic]] debate that continues to this day.<ref>An English-language survey of the halakhic sources that deal with discrepancies in the transmission of details in the masoretic text of the Torah, regarding both its spelling (letter-text) and its ''parashah'' divisions, may be found in Barry Levy's ''Fixing God's Torah: The Accuracy of the Hebrew Bible text in Jewish Law'' (Oxford University Press, 2001). Levy discusses most of the sources listed here and translates some of them.</ref> Among those who ruled against Maimonides' stricture in practice were his son, [[Abraham Maimonides]],<ref>Responsum #91.</ref> [[Menachem Meiri]],<ref>Commentary ''Beit HaBehira'' to Kiddushin 30a and in the introduction to his ''Kiryat Sefer'' on the laws of writing Torah scrolls.</ref> Moshe Chalava,<ref>Responsum #145. Maharam was a student of [[Shlomo ben Aderet]] in thirteenth century Spain.</ref> [[Judah Minz]],<ref>Responsum #8. Rabbi Judah Mintz flourished in Italy in the fifteenth century.</ref> and [[Ovadia Yosef]].<ref>''Yehaveh Da'at'' VI:56. Basing himself on previous authorities who disputed Maimonides ruling entirely, in addition to Maimonides' own ruling that a blessing may be recited upon reading from an invalid Torah Scroll, Rabbi Yosef permits [[Ashkenazi Jews|Ashkenazic]] and [[Sephardi Jews|Sephardic Jews]] to recite a blessing upon reading from a [[Yemenite Jews|Yemenite]] Torah Scroll. Yemenite scrolls differ from both Ashkenazic and Sephardic scrolls for exactly one ''parashah'' division: an open section at Leviticus 7:22 (Yemen) instead of at 7:28 (Ashkenaz and Sepharad). Yemenite scrolls also differ regarding certain spellings (exactly 9 letters), while Ashkenazic and Sephardic scrolls are identical in all of these details.</ref> All of the above authorities rule that a scroll containing ''parashot'' based on alternative scribal traditions that disagree with Maimonides' list of ''parashot''<ref>{{cite book | author=Maimonides | title=Laws of Tefillin, Mezuzah and Torah Scrolls | at=chapter 8}}</ref> is nevertheless a valid scroll. However, even according to the lenient opinion, a blatant error with no source in any scribal tradition invalidates a Torah scroll.{{Citation needed|date=January 2024}} === Rules and customs for public reading === {{See also|Torah reading}} One basic halakhic rule for public reading of the Torah is that no fewer than three verses at a time be read. As a corollary to this, there is a specific rule regarding ''parashot'': One may not leave off reading less than three verses before the end of a ''parashah'', nor may one end off reading by starting a new ''parashah'' but leaving off less than three verses from its beginning.<ref>The talmudic source for this is ''Megillah'' 22a. In later halakhic literature, these rules are discussed in ''[[Orah Hayyim]]'' 138.</ref> When a Torah portion is read in public from a [[Torah scroll|scroll]] as part of the synagogue service, it is divided into smaller sections among several people (for instance, 3 short sections on weekdays or 7 on the Sabbath). The points at which the portion is subdivided often take the ''parashot'' into account, but there is no hard and fast rule for this. The selections from [[Nevi'im]] that are read as ''[[haftarot]]'' are based on custom. At times, some of these customs choose the exact beginning or end of a ''[[haftarah]]'' because it coincides with a ''parashah'' division. == Torah == Due to the influence of [[Maimonides]], ''parashah'' divisions in the Torah have become highly standardized, and there is close to exact agreement among Torah scrolls, printed Jewish bibles, and similar online texts.<ref>Such as the text found at [http://mechon-mamre.org/i/t/t0.htm Mechon Mamre].</ref> The following list thus presents the ''parashah'' divisions as found in (a) modern [[Sefer Torah|Torah scrolls]], (b) [[Maimonides]]' [[Mishneh Torah]], and (c) the Aleppo Codex (based on several witnesses besides Maimonides to the ''parashot'' in its missing parts). Rare inconsistencies between these three sources are explained in footnotes. The list is constructed as follows: * Only breaks {{em|between}} two sections are listed: Any open or closed ''parashah'' break, {P} or {S}, must always appear {{em|between}} two biblical sections. The symbols {P} and {S} always indicate the status of the ''following'' section. In Genesis, for instance, "{S} 5:32β6:4 {P}" indicates a ''closed'' section (''setumah'') because it {{em|begins}} with {S}. Therefore, no section break is indicated before the {{em|first}} portion of a biblical book, or after its {{em|last}} portion. * The five books of the [[Torah]] have been broken down into their [[Weekly Torah portion|weekly Torah readings]] for convenience. The weekly Torah readings always begin at a ''parashah'' break, with the single exception of ''Vayechi'' (Genesis 47:28). The division into weekly readings is a prominent feature of the Tiberian masoretic codices along with the division into smaller ''parashot'', and they are indicated with a special flourish in the margin parallel to the line in which each one begins. * Special series of ''parashot'' used for special types of text (such as chronologies, lists, step-by-step sequences, repeating formulas) are indicated. * When a ''parashah'' ignores a chapter break, this is indicated for convenience by spelling out the exact verses from each chapter found in that parashah; for instance: {P} 32:4β33; 33:1β17 {S}. This system allows for immediate calculation of the number verses in the ''parashah'', and also facilitates easier comparison between the ''parashot'' and the chapter divisions. * Variations found in alternative masoretic traditions (such as in the [[Leningrad Codex]]) are provided separately at the end of each book. * Unusual data (such as an unusually lengthy ''parashah'') is underlined to draw special attention, followed by a parenthetical note identifying the contents of the ''parashah'' at hand. * The first words of a ''parashah'' are sometimes provided in Hebrew for clarity, especially for ''parashot'' that appear within a verse. A prominent example is for the Ten Commandments. The titles of prominent ''parashot'' mentioned in rabbinic literature are also sometimes given. *The verse numbering in this list is according to the system commonly found in most Hebrew editions. The numbers in translations (and even in some Hebrew editions such as BHS) may differ slightly. Symbols: * {P} = ''parashah '''p'''etuhah'' ("open portion"), typically resembles a new '''p'''aragraph * {S} = ''parashah '''s'''etumah'' ("closed portion"), typically represented as a blank '''s'''pace in the middle of a line * {-} = no ''parashah'' break indicated * {SONG} = Special format for songs; details of the special layout will be described in separate sections. === Genesis === [[File:Wickes-Accentuation-1887.pdf|thumb|right|300px|A page of the Aleppo Codex was photographed in 1887 by William Wickes, containing Genesis 26:35 (ΧΧΧͺΧ) to 27:30 (ΧΧΧΧ ΧΧ). It shows a single closed ''parashah'' break {S} at 27:1 (ΧΧΧΧ ΧΧ ΧΧ§Χ ΧΧ¦ΧΧ§); that ''parashah'' is in bold within the list below for ''Parashat Toledot''.|page=8]] * [[Bereishit (parsha)|Parashat Bereshit]] (Genesis 1:1β6:8): ** Seven days:1:1β5 {P} 1:6β8 {P} 1:9β13 {P} 1:14β19 {P} 1:20β23 {P} 1:24β31 {P} 2:1β3 ** {P} 2:4β2:25; 3:1β3:15 {S} 3:16 {S} 3:17β21 {P} 3:22β24 {S} 4:1β26 ** From Adam to Noah: {S} 5:1β5 {S} 5:6β8 {S} 5:9β11 {S} 5:12β14 {S} 5:15β17 {S} 5:18β20 {S} 5:21β24 {S} 5:25β27 {S} 5:28β31 {S} 5:32; 6:1β4 ** {P} 6:5β8 * [[Noach (parsha)|Parashat Noach]] (Genesis 6:9β11:32): ** {P} 6:9β12 {S} 6:13β22; 7:1β24; 8:1β14 {S} 8:15β22; 9:1β7 {S} 9:8β17 {P} 9:18β29 {P} 10:1β14 {S} 10:15β20 {S} 10:21β32 {P} 11:1β9 ** From Noah to Abraham: {P} 11:10β11 {S} 11:12β13 {S} 11:14β15 {S} 11:16β17 {S} 11:18β19 {S} 11:20β21 {S} 11:22β23 {S} 11:24β25 {S} 11:26β32 * [[Lech-Lecha (parsha)|Parashat Lekh Lekha]] (Genesis 12:1β17:27): ** {P} 12:1β9 {P} 12:10β20;13:1β18 {P} 14:1β24 {S} 15:1β21 {S} 16:1β16 {S} 17:1β14 {S} 17:15β27 * [[Vayeira (parsha)|Parashat Vayera]] (Genesis 18:1β22:24): ** {P} 18:1β33; 19:1β38 {S} 20:1β18 {S} 21:1β21 {P} 21:22β34 {P} 22:1β19 {P} 22:20β24 * [[Chayei Sarah (parsha)|Parashat Chayyei Sarah]] (Genesis 23:1β25:18): ** {P} 23:1β20 {S} <u>24:1β67</u> (Eliezer & Rebeccah) {P} 25:1β11 {P} 25:12β18 * [[Toledot (parsha)|Parashat Toledot]] (Genesis 25:19β28:9): ** {P} 25:19β34 {P} 26:1β33 {S} 26:34β35 '''{S}''' <u>27:1β46; 28:1β9</u> (blessings of Isaac & Jacob; see image) * [[Vayetze (parsha)|Parashat Vayetzei]] (Genesis 28:10β32:3): ** {S} <u>28:10β22; 29:1β35; 30:1β43; 31:1β55; 32:1β3</u> (Jacob in Haran) * [[Vayishlach (parsha)|Parashat Vayishlach]] (Genesis 32:4β36:43): ** {P} 32:4β33; 33:1β17 {S} 33:18β20 {S} 34:1β31 {P} 35:1β8 {P} 35:9β22a {P} 35:22bβ29 {P} 36:1β19 {S} 36:20β30 {P} 36:31-43 * [[Vayeshev (parsha)|Parashat Vayeshev]] (Genesis 37β40): ** {P} 37:1β36 {P} 38:1β30 {S} 39:1β23 {P} 40:1β23 * [[Miketz (parsha)|Parashat Miketz]] (Genesis 41:1β44:17): ** {P} <u>41:1β57; 42:1β38; 43:1β34; 44:1β17</u> (Joseph in Egypt) * [[Vayigash (parsha)|Parashat Vayigash]] (Genesis 44:18β47:27) and [[Vayechi|Parashat Vayechi]] (Genesis 47:28β50:26):<ref name="wayehi">''[[Vayechi (parsha)|Parashat Vayechi]]'' is the only one of the [[Weekly Torah portion|weekly Torah readings]] whose opening verse (Genesis 47:28) is not the beginning of an open or a closed section. Its ''parashot'' are thus listed here sequentially along with those of the previous weekly reading.</ref> ** {S} <u>44:18β34; 45:1β28; 46:1β7</u> (Reconciliation) {S} 46:8β27 {S} 46:28β34; 47:1β31<ref name="wayehi"/> {P} 48:1β22 ** Jacob's blessings: {P} 49:1β4 {P} 49:5β7 {P} 49:8β12 {P} 49:13 {P} 49:14β15 {S} 49:16β18 {S} 49:19 {S} 49:20 {S} 49:21 {S} 49:22β26 {P} 49:27β33; 50:1β26 '''Total:''' ''Petuchot'' (Open): 43, ''Setumot'' (Closed): 48, Combined: 91. '''Variants:''' * [[Leningrad Codex]]: {P} 5:1 {S} 5:3 {P} 5:21 {P} 5:25 {P} 5:28 {S} 7:1 {S} 12:1 {S} 23:1 {S} 25:12 {S} 26:1 {S} 40:1 {P} 46:28 {S} 49:8 {S} 49:14 {-} 49:19 === Exodus === * [[Shemot (parsha)|Parashat Shemot]] (Exodus 1:1β6:1): ** 1:1β7 {P} 1:8β22 {P} 2:1β22 {P} 2:23β25 {S} 3:1β22; 4:1β17 {P} 4:18β26 {P} 4:27β31; 5:1β23; 6:1 * [[Va'eira (parsha)|Parashat Va'era]] (Exodus 6:2β9:35): ** {S} 6:2β9 {P} 6:10β12 {P} 6:13 {S} 6:14β28 {S} 6:29β30 {P} 7:1β7 {P} 7:8β13 {S} 7:14β18 {S} 7:19β25 {P} 7:26β29;8:1β11 {S} 8:12β15 {S} 8:16β28 {P} 9:1β7 {P} 9:8β12 {S} 9:13β21 {P} 9:22β35 * [[Bo (parsha)|Parashat Bo]] (Exodus 10:1β13:16): ** {P} 10:1β11 {S} 10:12β20 {P} 10:21β29 {P} 11:1β3 {S} 11:4β8 {S} 11:9β10 {S} 12:1β20 {P} 12:21β28 {S} 12:29β36 {P} 12:37β42 {P} 12:43β50 {S} 12:51 {P} 13:1β10 {P} 13:11β16 * [[Beshalach (parsha)|Parashat Beshallach]] (Exodus 13:17β17:16): ** {S} 13:17β22 {P} 14:1β14 {P} 14:15β25 {P} 14:26β31 ** {P} '''[[#Song of the Sea|Song of the Sea: {SONG} 15:1β19 {SONG}]]''' ** {P} 15:20β26 {S} 15:27;16:1β3 {S} 16:4β10 {P} 16:11β27 {S} 16:28β36 {P} 17:1β7 {P} 17:8β13 {P} 17:14β16 * [[Yitro (parsha)|Parashat Yitro]] (Exodus 18:1β20:23): ** {P} 18:1β27 {P} 19:1β24 ** '''Ten Commandments:''' {S} 20:1 ΧΧΧΧΧ¨ {S} 20:2β5 ΧΧ ΧΧ {S} 20:6 ΧΧ ΧͺΧ©Χ {P} 20:7β10 ΧΧΧΧ¨ {S} 20:11 ΧΧΧ {S} 20:12a ΧΧ ΧͺΧ¨Χ¦Χ {S} 20:12b ΧΧ ΧͺΧ ΧΧ£ {S} 20:12c ΧΧ ΧͺΧΧ Χ {S} 20:12d ΧΧ ΧͺΧ’Χ Χ {S} 20:13a ΧΧ ΧͺΧΧΧ ΧΧΧͺ Χ¨Χ’Χ {S} 20:13b<ref>Numerous testimonies verify that the Aleppo codex had a closed section at 20:13b (ΧΧ ΧͺΧΧΧ ΧΧ©Χͺ Χ¨Χ’Χ). Though this data does not agree with what is found in several editions of Maimonides' ''Mishneh Torah'', it accords with the original reading of Maimonides based on early manuscripts and testimonies. See Penkower, Maimonides, pp. 50β64 (at length); Ofer, Cassutto, p. 326; Ofer, Yelin, p. 306.</ref> ΧΧ ΧͺΧΧΧ ΧΧ©Χͺ Χ¨Χ’Χ ** {P} 20:14β17 {S} 20:18β22 * [[Mishpatim (parsha)|Parashat Mishpatim]] (Exodus 21:1β24:18): ** Laws: {P} 21:1β6 {S} 21:7β11 {S} 21:12β13 {S} 21:14 {S} 21:15 {S} 21:16 {S} 21:17 {S} 21:18β19 {S} 21:20β21 {S} 21:22β25 {S} 21:26β27 {P} 21:28β32 {S} 21:33β34 {S} 21:35β36 {S} 21:37;22:1β3 {S} 22:4 {S} 22:5 {S} 22:6β8 {S} 22:9β12 {S} 22:13β14 {S} 22:15β16 {S} 22:17β18 {S} 22:19β23 {P} 22:24β26 {S} 22:27β30 {S} 23:1β3 {S} 23:4 {S} 23:5 {S} 23:6β19 ** {P} 23:20β25 {S} 23:26β33 {P} 24:1β11 {S} 24:12β18 * [[Terumah (parsha)|Parashat Terumah]] (Exodus 25:1β27:19): ** {P} 25:1β9 {S} 25;10β22 {P} 25:23β30 {P} 25:31β40 {S} 26:1β14 {P} 26:15β30 {S} 26:31β37 {S} 27:1β8 {S} 27:9β19 * [[Tetzaveh (parsha)|Parashat Tetzaveh]] (Exodus 27:20β30:10): ** {S} 27:20β21 {S} 28:1β5 {P} 28:6β12 {S} 28:13β14 {S} 28:15β30 {S} 28:31β35 {S} 28:36β43 {S} 29:1β37 {S} 29:38β46 {P} 30:1β10 * [[Ki Tisa (parsha)|Parashat Ki Tissa]] (Exodus 30:11β34:35): ** {P} 30:11β16 {P} 30:17β21 {P} 30:22β33 {S} 30:34β38 {S} 31:1β11 {P} 31:12β17 {S} 31:18;32:1β6 {P} 32:7β14 {P} 32:15β35 {S} 33:1β11 {P} 33:12β16 {P} 33:17β23 {S/P}<ref name="Exodus 34:1">For Exodus 34:1, Χ€Χ‘Χ-ΧΧ, the vast majority of accurate Tiberian manuscripts have {S} here instead of {P} (the latter is as listed by Maimonides and found in current Torah scrolls). Testimony about the text of the Aleppo codex when it was still intact (by Kimhi) reveals that the form of the ''parashah'' at this point was a line of text that didn't reach the end of the column, followed at 34:1 by a line that began close to the beginning of the column. Identifying the type of ''parashah'' in such a context depends on whether the reader considers there to be a significant gap at the beginning of the line (in which case it is ''setumah'') or does not consider the gap to be significant (in which case it is ''petuhah''). This form of ''parashah'' is often indicated by a very small indentation in the extant parts of the Aleppo Codex, sometimes no wider than the space of one or two letters. Therefore, Penkower (p. 51 n. 125) and Ofer (pp. 306β307) suggest that Maimonides judged 34:1 to start at the beginning of its line without a significant gap, and was thus followed in later Torah scrolls. Other observers noted it as ''setumah'' (Kimhi, Sithon) or wrote conflicting notations (Amadi).</ref> 34:1β26 {P} 34:27β35 * [[Vayakhel (parsha)|Parashat Vayakhel]] (Exodus 35:1β38:20): ** {S} 35:1β3 {P} 35:4β29 {P} 35:30β35; 36:1β7 {S} 36:8β13 {P} 36:14β19 {S} 36:20β38 {P} 37:1β9 {P} 37:10β16 {P} 37:17β24 {P} 37:25β29 {S} 38:1β7 {S} 38:8 {S} 38:9β20 * [[Pekudei (parsha)|Parashat Pekudei]] (Exodus 38:21β40:38): ** {S} 38:21β23 {S} 38:24β31; 39:1 {P} 39:2β5 {S} 39:6β7 {P} 39:8β21 {P} 39:22β26 {S} 39:27β29 {S} 39:30β31 {S} 39:32 {P} 39:33β43 {P} 40:1β16 {S} 40:17β19 {S} 40:20β21 {S} 40:22β23 {S} 40:24β25 {S} 40:26β27 {S} 40:28β29 {S} 40:30β32 {S} 40:33 {P} 40:34β38 '''Variants:''' * [[Leningrad Codex]]: {S} 2:1 {P} 6:29 {P} 7:14 {P} 10:12 {P} 12:1 {S} 13:11 {S} 16:6 {P} 20:18 {-} 21:16 {S} 21:27 {S} 22:18 {S} 23:2 {S} 23:20 {-} 23:26 {P} 26:7 {S} 33:12 {S} 34:1<ref name="Exodus 34:1" /> {S} 36:14 {P} 38:1 {-} 39:6 {-} 39:22 {P} 40:28 === Leviticus === * [[Vayikra (parsha)|Parashat Vayikra]] (Leviticus 1:1β5:26): ** 1:1β9 {S} 1:10β13 {P} 1:14β17 {S} 2:1β3 {S} 2:4 {S} 2:5β6 {S} 2:7β13 {S} 2:14β16 {P} 3:1β5 {P} 3:6β11 {P} 3:12β17 {P} 4:1β12 {P} 4:13β21 {P} 4:22β26 {P} 4:27β31 {P} 4:32β35 {P} 5:1β10 {S} 5:11β13 {S} 5:14β16 {P} 5:17β19 {P} 5:20β26 * [[Tzav (parsha)|Parashat Tzav]] (Leviticus 6:1β8:36): ** {P} 6:1β6 {S} 6:7β11 {P} 6:12β16 {P} 6:17β23 {P} 7:1β10 {P} 7:11β21 {P/-}<ref name="wayedabber">Ashkenazic and Sephardic Torah scrolls lack an open portion at 7:22 (ΧΧΧΧΧ¨... ΧΧΧ¨... ΧΧ ΧΧΧ) while Yemenite scrolls have one. Conversely, Yemenite scrolls lack an open portion at 7:28 (ΧΧΧΧΧ¨... ΧΧΧ¨... ΧΧΧ§Χ¨ΧΧ) while Ashkenazic and Sephardic scrolls have one. This situation derives from Maimonides' ambiguous formulation in ''Laws of Tefillin, Mezuzah and Torah Scrolls'', chapter 8, where he lists a series of six consecutive open ''parashot'' at this point in Leviticus, one of them beginning with the words "ΧΧΧΧΧ¨... ΧΧΧ¨ ΧΧ ΧΧ Χ ΧΧ©Χ¨ΧΧ" ("The Lord spoke to Moses... Speak to the children of Israel..."). However, there are actually ''two'' places where this is found (Leviticus 7:22 and 7:28), and it is unclear which of them Maimonides was referring to. Thus, the scrolls that have a section break at 7:22 and those with a break at 7:28 are both implementing Maimonides' ambiguous formulation in two different ways. How this formulation by Maimonides accords with the Aleppo Codex has been discussed at length by Ofer (Cassuto, pp. 328β330) and Penkower (''New Evidence'', pp. 76β90). If the Aleppo Codex was indeed missing a ''parashah'' break at either 7:22 or 7:28, that would be unique among the 71 occurrences of "The Lord spoke to Moses..." in the Torah. Furthermore, all other Tiberian masoretic manuscripts have ''parashot'' in both places. Available data on this now-missing part of the codex is as follows: Rabbi Judah Ityah, who examined the codex to answer questions posed by [[Umberto Cassuto]], reported that there were open ''parashah'' breaks at ''both'' 7:22 and 7:28. Earlier, Rabbi Samuel Vital (Responsa ''Be'er Mayyim Hayyim'' 27) also confirmed an open ''parashah'' at 7:22. Amadi, however, wrote two opposing notes at 7:22βthat a ''parashah'' break is lacking and that the "Codex of Ezra" has a ''parashah'' hereβwhich apparently refer to two different codices but it is unclear which ones. Ofer deals with the evidence by assuming that Ityah's report was correct and that Maimonides, in the process of adding sums to the final version of his list of ''parashot'' for ''Mishneh Torah'', counted "ΧΧΧΧΧ¨... ΧΧΧ¨ ΧΧ ΧΧ Χ ΧΧ©Χ¨ΧΧ" once instead of twice. Penkower prefers an alternative explanation, namely that there was a small space at the end of the line preceding 7:22 which Maimonides did not consider significant, but which other witnesses thought indicated an open ''parashah'' break (pp. 79β80). Modern editions based on the Aleppo Codex show these ''parashot'' as follows: Breuer's first edition, published before most of this evidence became available, shows a break only at 7:28 (following the Yemenite tradition). His two later editions (''Horev'' and ''Jerusalem Crown'') show breaks at both 7:22 and 7:28, noting in the margin that "the scrolls of Ashkenaz and Sepharad" or "the scrolls of Yemen" lack a break in either place. The Feldheim ''Simanim'' edition shows a break only at 7:28, keeping to the tradition of Ashkenaz and Sepharad.</ref> 7:22β27 {P/-}<ref name="wayedabber"/> 7:28β38 {P} 8:1β36 * [[Shemini (parsha)|Parashat Shemini]] (Leviticus 9:1β11:47): ** {S} 9:1β24; 10:1β7 {P} 10:8β11 {P} 10:12β20 {P} 11:1β28 {S} 11:29β38 {S} 11:39β47 * [[Tazria (parsha)|Parashat Tazria]] (Leviticus 12:1β13:59): ** {P} 12:1β8 {P} 13:1β8 {P} 13:9β17 {P} 13:18β23 {S} 13:24β28 {P} 13:29β37 {S} 13:38β39 {S} 13:40β46 {S} 13:47β59 * [[Metzora (parsha)|Parashat Metzora]] (Leviticus 14:1β15:33): ** {P} 14:1β20 {S} 14:21β32 {P} 14:33β57 {P} 15:1β15 {S} 15:16β18 {P} 15:19β24 {S} 15:25β33 * [[Acharei Mot (parsha)|Parashat Acharei Mot]] (Leviticus 16:1β18:30): ** {P} 16:1β34 {P} 17:1β16 {P} 18:1β5 ** Forbidden relations: {S} 18:6 {S} 18:7 {S} 18:8 {S} 18:9 {S} 18:10 {S} 18:11 {S} 18:12 {S} 18:13 {S} 18:14 {S} 18:15 {S} 18:16 {S} 18:17β30 * [[Kedoshim (parsha)|Parashat Kedoshim]] (Leviticus 19:1β20:27): ** {P} 19:1β22 {P} 19:23β32 {S} 19:33β37 {P} 20:1β27 * [[Emor (parsha)|Parashat Emor]] (Leviticus 21:1β24:23): ** {P} 21:1β9 {S} 21:10β15 {S} 21:16β24 {P} 22:1β16 {P} 22:17β25 {S} 22:26β33 {P} 23:1β3 {P} 23:4β8 {P} 23:9β14 {S} 23:15β22 {P} 23:23β25 {S} 23:26β32 {P} 23:33β44 {P} 24:1β4 {P} 24:5β9 {S} 24:10β12 {P} 24:13β23 * [[Behar (parsha)|Parashat Behar]] (Leviticus 25:1β26:2): ** {P} 25:1β7 {S} 25:8β24 {S} 25:25β28 {S} 25:29β34 {S} 25:35β38 {S} 25:39β46 {S} 25:47β26:2 * [[Bechukotai (parsha)|Parashat Bechukotai]] (Leviticus 26:3β27:34): ** {P} 26:3β13 {P} 26:14β26 {S} 26:27β46 {P} 27:1β8 {S} 27:9β34 '''Variants:''' * [[Leningrad Codex]]: {P}<ref name="wayedabber"/> 7:22 {P}<ref name="wayedabber"/> 7:28 {S} 11:21 {S} 15:1 {P} 15:17 {-} 15:18 {P} 15:25 {S} 17:13 {P} 19:20 {P} 19:33 {P} 21:16 {S} 22:14 {P} 22:26 {S} 23:23 {-} 25:29 {S} 26:3 {S} 26:18 {S} 27:26 === Numbers === * [[Bamidbar (parsha)|Parashat Bemidbar]] (Numbers 1:1β4:20): ** 1:1β19 {S} 1:20β21 {P} 1:22β23 {P} 1:24β25 {P} 1:26β27 {P} 1:28β29 {P} 1:30β31 {P} 1:32β33 {P} 1:34β35 {P} 1:36β37 {P} 1:38β39 {P} 1:40β41 {P} 1:42β43 {P} 1:44β47 {P} 1:48β54 {P} 2:1β9 {S} 2:10β16 {S} 2:17 {S} 2:18β24 {S} 2:25β31 {P} 2:32β34 {P} 3:1β4 {P} 3:5β10 {P} 3:11β13 {P} 3:14β26 {S} 3:27β39 {S} 3:40β43 {P} 3:44β51 {P} 4:1β16 {P} 4:17β20 * [[Naso (parsha)|Parashat Naso]] (Numbers 4:21β7:89): ** {P} 4:21β28 {S} 4:29β37 {S} 4:38β49 {P} 5:1β4 {P} 5:5β10 {P} 5:11β31 {P} 6:1β21 {P} 6:22β23 {S} 6:24 {S} 6:25 {S} 6:26 {S} 6:27 {S} 7:1β11 {S} 7:12β17 {P} 7:18β23 {P} 7:24β29 {P} 7:30β35 {P} 7:36β41 {P} 7:42β47 {P} 7:48β53 {P} 7:54β59 {P} 7:60β65 {P} 7:66β71 {P} 7:72β77 {P} 7:78β83 {P} 7:84β89 * [[Behaalotecha (parsha)|Parashat Beha'alotekha]] (Numbers 8:1β12:16): ** {P} 8:1β4 {P} 8:5β22 {S} 8:23β26 {P} 9:1β8 {P} 9:9β14 {S} 9:15β23 {P} 10:1β10 {P} 10:11β28 {S} 10:29β34 {S} Χ 10:35β36 Χ {P} 11:1β15 {P} 11:16β22 {P} 11:23β35 {P} 12:1β3 {S} 12:4β13 {P} 12:14β16 * [[Shlach (parsha)|Parashat Shelach]] (Numbers 13:1β15:41): ** {P} 13:1β33;14:1β10 {P} 14:11β25 {P} 14:26β45 {P} 15:1β16 {P} 15:17β21 {S} 15:22β26 {S} 15:27β31 {P} 15:32β34 {S} 15:35β36 {P} 15:37β41 * [[Korach (parsha)|Parashat Korach]] (Numbers 16:1β18:32): ** {P} 16:1β19 {S} 16:20β22 {S} 16:23β35 {S} 17:1β5 {P} 17:6β7 {S} 17:8β15 {P} 17:16β24 {P} 17:25β26 {P} 17:27β28 {S} 18:1β7 {P} 18:8β20 {S} 18:21β24 {P} 18:25β32 * [[Chukat (parsha)|Parashat Chukkat]] (Numbers 19:1β22:1): ** {P} 19:1β22 {P} 20:1β6 {P} 20:7β11 {S} 20:12β13 {S} 20:14β21 {P} 20:22β29 {S} 21:1β3 {P} 21:4β16 {S} 21:17β20 {P} 21:21β35;22:1 * [[Balak (parsha)|Parashat Balak]] (Numbers 22:2β25:9): ** {S} <u>22:2β41; 23:1β30; 24:1β25</u> (Balaam & Balak) {P} 25:1β9 * [[Pinchas (parsha)|Parashat Pinchas]] (Numbers 25:10β30:1): ** {P} 25:10β15 {P} 25:16β18; 26:1a ** Census: {P} 26:1bβ11 {S} 26:12β14 {S} 26:15β18 {S} 26:19β22 {S} 26:23β25 {S} 26:26β27 {S} 26:28β32 {S} 26:33β34 {S} 26:35β37 {S} 26:38β41 {S} 26:42β43 {S} 26:44β47 {S} 26:48β51 ** {P} 26:52β56 {S} 26:57β65 {S} 27:1β5 {P} 27:6β11 {P} 27:12β14 {S} 27:15β23 ** Offerings: {P} 28:1β8 {P} 28:9β10 {P} 28:11β15 {S} 28:16β25 {S} 28:26β31 {P} 29:1β6 {S} 29:7β11 ** ''Sukkot'' offerings: {S} 29:12β16 {S} 29:17β19 {S} 29:20β22 {S} 29:23β25 {S} 29:26β28 {S} 29:29β31 {S} 29:32β34 {S} 29:35β39; 30:1 * [[Matot (parsha)|Parashat Mattot]] (Numbers 30:2β32:42): ** {P} 30:2β17 {P} 31:1β12 {S} 31:13β20 {S} 31:21β24 {S} 31:25β54 {P} 32:1β4 {S} 32:5β15 {S} 32:16β19 {P} 32:20β42 * [[Masei (parsha)|Parashat Masei]] (Numbers 33:1β36:13): ** {P} 33:1β39 {S} 33:40β49 {S} 33:50β56 {P} 34:1β15 {P} 34:16β29 {P} 35:1β8 {P} 35:9β34 {P} 36:1β13 '''Variants:''' * [[Leningrad Codex]]: {P} 1:20 {S} 2:7 {-} 3:1 {S} 3:14 {-} 3:27 {S} 4:17 {P} 4:29 {P} 7:1 {P} 9:15 {S} 10:18 {S} 10:22 {S} 10:25 {S} 11:1 {P} 16:20 {P} 16:23 {P} 17:1 {-} 17:6 {P} 17:9 {S} 17:25 {S} 17:27 {S} 18:8 {S} 27:6 {S} 27:12 {P} 27:15 {S} 28:11 {P} 29:12 {P} 29:32 {P} 29:35 {P} 31:25 === Deuteronomy === [[File:Aleppo Deut 1910 Photo.jpg|thumb|right|300px|Two consecutive pages of the Aleppo Codex from the now-missing part of Deuteronomy were photographed in 1910 by Joseph Segall, containing the Ten Commandments. The image shows Deuteronomy 4:38 (ΧΧΧΧΧ) to 6:3 (ΧΧΧ©Χ¨), including the following ''parashah'' breaks: {P} 4:41 ΧΧ ΧΧΧΧΧ {P} 5:1 ΧΧΧ§Χ¨Χ ΧΧ©Χ {S} 5:6 ΧΧ ΧΧ {S} 5:10 ΧΧ ΧͺΧ©Χ {S} 5:11 Χ©ΧΧΧ¨ {S} 5:15 ΧΧΧ {S} 5:16a ΧΧ ΧͺΧ¨Χ¦Χ {S} 5:16b ΧΧΧ ΧͺΧ ΧΧ£ {S} 5:16c ΧΧΧ ΧͺΧΧ Χ {S} 5:16d ΧΧΧ ΧͺΧ’Χ Χ {S} 5:17a ΧΧΧ ΧͺΧΧΧ {S} 5:21b ΧΧΧ ΧͺΧͺΧΧΧ {S} ΧΧͺ ΧΧΧΧ¨ΧΧ 5:22. These ''parashot'' are shown in bold within the list below for ''Parashat Va'etchannan''.]] The Aleppo Codex is intact starting at Deuteronomy 28:17 (ΧΧ©ΧΧ¨ΧͺΧ). ''Parashot'' from the extant parts are in bold, as are the ''parashot'' shown in the Segall photograph (image at right). * [[Devarim (parsha)|Parashat Devarim]] (Deuteronomy 1:1β3:22): ** 1:1β46; 2:1 {S} 2:2β8a {S} 2:8bβ16 ΧΧ Χ€Χ {S} 2:17β30 {S} 2:31β37; 3:1β22 * [[Va'etchanan (parsha)|Parashat Va'etchannan]] (Deuteronomy 3:23β7:11): ** {S} 3:23β29 {P} 4:1β24 {P} 4:25β40 '''{P}''' 4:41β49 '''{P}''' 5:1β5 ** '''Ten Commandments:''' '''{S}''' 5:6β9 ΧΧ ΧΧ '''{S}''' 5:10 ΧΧ ΧͺΧ©Χ '''{S}''' 5:11β14 Χ©ΧΧΧ¨ '''{S}''' 5:15 ΧΧΧ '''{S}''' 5:16a ΧΧ ΧͺΧ¨Χ¦Χ '''{S}''' 5:16b ΧΧΧ ΧͺΧ ΧΧ£ '''{S}''' 5:16c ΧΧΧ ΧͺΧΧ Χ '''{S}''' 5:16d ΧΧΧ ΧͺΧ’Χ Χ '''{S}''' 5:17a ΧΧΧ ΧͺΧΧΧ '''{S}''' 5:17b ΧΧΧ ΧͺΧͺΧΧΧ ** '''{S}''' 5:18β29;6:1β3 {P} 6:4β9 Χ©ΧΧ’ {S} 6:10β15 {S} 6:16β18 {S} 6:19β25 {S} 7:1β11 * [[Eikev (parsha)|Parashat Ekev]] (Deuteronomy 7:12β11:25): ** {P} 7:12β16 {S} 7:17β26 {P} 8:1β18 {P} 8:19β20 {P} 9:1β29 {P} 10:1β11 {P} 10:12β22;11:1β9 {S} 11:10β12 {S} 11:13β21 {S} 11:22β25 * [[Re'eh (parsha)|Parashat Re'eh]] (Deuteronomy 11:26β16:17): ** {S} 11:26β28 {S} 11:29β32;12:1β19 {S} 12:20β28 {S} 12:29β31;13:1 {P} 13:2β6 {S} 13:7β12 {S} 13:13β19 {S} 14:1β2 {S} 14:3β8 {S} 14:9β10 {S} 14:11β21 {P} 14:22β29 {S} 15:1β6 {S} 15:7β11 {S} 15:12β18 {P} 15:19β23 {P} 16:1β8 {S} 16:9β12 {P} 16:13β17 * [[Shoftim (parsha)|Parashat Shofetim]] (Deuteronomy 16:18β21:9): ** {S} 16:18β20 {S} 16:21β22 {S} 17:1 {S} 17:2β7 {P} 17:8β13 {S} 17:14β20 {S} 18:1β2 {S} 18:3β5 {S} 18:6β8 {S} 18:9β22 {S} 19:1β10 {P} 19:11β13 {S} 19:14 {S} 19:15β21 {S} 20:1β9 {S} 20:10β18 {S} 20:19β20 {P} 21:1β9 * [[Ki Teitzei (parsha)|Parashat Ki Tetzei]] (Deuteronomy 21:10β25:19): ** {S} 21:10β14 {S} 21:15β17 {S} 21:18β21 {S} 21:22β23 {S} 22:1β3 {S} 22:4 {S} 22:5 {P} 22:6β7 {S} 22:8β9 {S} 22:10β11 {S} 22:12 {S} 22:13β19 {S} 22:20β21 {S} 22:22 {S} 22:23β24 {S} 22:25β27 {S} 22:28β29 {S} 23:1 {S} 23:2 {S} 23:3 {S} 23:4β7 {S} 23:8β9 {S} 23:10β15 {S} 23:16β17 {S} 23:18β19 {S} 23:20β21 {S} 23:22β24 {S} 23:25 {S} 23:26 {S} 24:1β4 {S} 24:5β6 {S} 24:7 {S} 24:8β9 {S} 24:10β13 {S} 24:14β15 {S} 24:16 {S} 24:17β18 {S} 24:19 {S} 24:20β22 {S} 25:1β4 {S} 25:5β10 {S} 25:11β12 {S} 25:13β16 {P} 25:17β19 * [[Ki Tavo|Parashat Ki Tavo]] (Deuteronomy 26:1β29:8): ** {P} 26:1β11 {S} 26:12β15 {S} 26:16β19 {P} 27:1β8 {S} 27:9β10 {S} 27:11β14 {S} 27:15 {S} 27:16 {S} 27:17 {S} 27:18 {S} 27:19 {S/-}<ref>Deuteronomy 27:20 is the only one in a series of verses beginning with ΧΧ¨ΧΧ¨ ("cursed") not preceded by a closed break in Maimonides' list of ''parashot'' (and hence in current Torah scrolls). But other Tiberian masoretic codices have {S} here as for the other verses in the series, while testimonies about the Aleppo Codex from when it was still intact are conflicted. Ofer (pp. 307β308) suggests that since 27:19 has more words than usual for this series of similarly constructed verses, its relative length resulted in a very small space between 27:19 and 27:20 in the narrow columns of the Aleppo Codex, a space which Maimonides interpreted as no more than the space between words and not a closed section break, while other readers evaluated it as a closed section break.</ref> 27:20 {S} 27:21 {S} 27:22 {S} 27:23 {S} 27:24 {S} 27:25 {S} 27:26 {P} 28:1β14 {P} 28:15β68 '''{S}''' 28:69 '''{P}''' 29:1β8 * [[Nitzavim (parsha)|Parashat Nitzavim]] (Deuteronomy 29:9β30:20): ** '''{P}''' 29:9β29:28 '''{S}''' 30:1β10 '''{S}''' 30:11β14 '''{S}''' 30:15β20 * [[Vayelech (parsha)|Parashat Vayelekh]] (Deuteronomy 31:1β30): ** '''{P}''' 31:1β6 '''{S}''' 31:7β13 '''{P}''' 31:14β30 * [[Haazinu (parsha)|Parashat Ha'azinu]] (Deuteronomy 32:1β52): ** '''{P}''' '''[[#Song of Moses|Song of Moses: {SONG} 32:1β43 {SONG}]]''' ** '''{P}''' 32:44β47 '''{P}''' 32:48β52 * [[V'Zot HaBerachah (parsha)|Parashat Vezot Haberakhah]] (Deuteronomy 33:1β34:12): ** '''{P}''' 33:1β6 '''{S}''' 33:7 '''{P}''' 33:8β11 '''{S}''' 33:12β17 '''{S}''' 33:18β19 '''{S}''' 33:20β21 '''{S}''' 33:22β23 '''{S}''' 33:24β29 '''{S}''' 34:1β12 '''Variants:''' * [[Leningrad Codex]]: {S} 7:7 {-} 13:7 {S} 16:22 {S} 18:14 {S} 19:8 {S} 19:11 {S} 22:9 {S} 22:11 {S} 23:8b ΧΧ ΧͺΧͺΧ’Χ ΧΧ¦Χ¨Χ {S} 24:6 {S} 24:9 {S} 24:21 {S} 25:4 {S} 25:14 {S} 27:1 {S} 27:20 {-} 24:8 {-} 24:20 {S} 28:15 {P} 30:11 {P} 31:7 {S} 31:16 {S} 33:8 == Nevi'im == ''Parashot'' in [[Nevi'im]] are listed here according to the [[Aleppo codex]], with variants from other masoretic traditions noted at the end of each book's section. <small>The Aleppo codex is intact for the bulk of Nevi'im. The few parashot noted here from its missing parts are listed according to the notes taken by Joshua Kimhi, who recorded the ''parashot'' of the Aleppo codex in the nineteenth century in the bible of Rabbi Shalom Shachna Yellin. These are indicated by an asterisk.</small> === Joshua === * 1:1β9 {P} 1:10β11 {P} 1:12β18 {P} 2:1β24 {S} 3:1β4 {P} 3:5β6 {S} 3:7β8 {P} 3:9β17;4:1a {P} 4:1bβ3 {S} 4:4β13 {S} 4:14 {P} 4:15β24 {P} 5:1 {P} 5:2β8 {P} 5:9β12 {S} 5:13β15;6:1 {S} 6:2β11 {P} 6:12β25 {P} 6:26 {S} 6:27;7:1 {S} 7:2β26 {P} 8:1β17 {P} 8:18β29 {P} 8:30β35;9:1β2 {P} 9:3β27 {P} 10:1β7 {P} 10:8β11 {S} 10:12β14 {S} 10:15β28 {S} 10:29β30 {S} 10:31β32 {P} 10:33β35 {P} 10:36β37 {S} 10:38β43 {P} 11:1β5 {P} 11:6β9 {S} 11:10β20 {S} 11:21β23 {S} 12:1β8 * {P} '''[[#Canaanite Kings|Canaanite Kings: {SONG} 12:9β24 {SONG}]]''' * {P} 13:1β14 {P} 13:15β23 {P} 13:24β32 {P} 13:33 {S} 14:1β5 {P} 14:6β15 {P} 15:1β19 * Cities of Judah: {P} 15:20β32 {S} 15:33β36 {S} 15:37β41 {S} 15:42β46 {S} 15:47 {S} 15:48β49 {S} 15:50β51 {S} 15:52β54 {S} 15:55β57 {S} 15:58β59 {P} 15:60 {S} 15:61β63 * {P} 16:1β10 {P} 17:1β13 {S} 17:14β18 {P} 18:1β10 {P} 18:11β20 {P} 18:21β28 {P} 19:1β9 {P} 19:10β16 {P} 19:17β23 {P} 19:24β31 {P} 19:32β39 {P} 19:40β48 {S} 19:49β51 {P} 20:1β9 * Levite cities: {P} 21:1β2 {P} 21:3β4 {S} 21:5 {S} 21:6 {S} 21:7 {S} 21:8 {S} 21:9β12 {S} 21:13β16 {S} 21:17β19 {S} 21:20β22 {S} 21:23β26 {S} 21:27 {S} 21:28β29 {S} 21:30β31 {S} 21:32β33 {S} 21:34β35 {S} 21:36β40 {S} 21:41β43 * {P} 22:1β6 {P} 22:7β8 {P} 22:9β12 {P} 22:13β20 {S} 22:21β29 {P} 22:30β34 {P} 23:1β16 {P} 24:1β15 {P} 24:16β26 {P} 24:27β28 {P} 24:29β33 === Judges === * 1:1β7 {P} 1:8β15 {P} 1:16β21 {P} 1:22β26 {P} 1:27β28 {S} 1:29 {S} 1:30 {S} 1:31β32 {S} 1:33β36 {P} 2:1a {P} 2:1bβ5 {P} 2:6β10 {P} 2:11β23 {P} 3:1β6 {P} 3:7β11 {P} 3:12β30 {P} 3:31 {P} 4:1β3 {P} 4:4β24 * {P} '''[[#Song of Deborah|Song of Deborah: {SONG} 5:1β31 {SONG}]]''' * {P} 6:1β6 {P} 6:7β10 {P} 6:11β19 {P} 6:20β24 {S} 6:25β32 {S} 6:33β40 {P} 7:1 {S} 7:2β3 {S} 7:4β6 {S} 7:7β8 {P} 7:9β14 {P} 7:15β18 {P} 7:19β25;8:1β9 {P} 8:10β21 {P} 8:22β28 {P} 8:29β32 {P} 8:33β35 {P} 9:1β5 {S} 9:6β25 {P} 9:26β45 {P} 9:46β49 {P} 9:50β57 {P} 10:1β2 {P} 10:3β4 {P} 10:6β10 {P} 10:11β16 {P} 10:17β18 {P} 11:1β3 {P} 11:6β11 {P} 11:12β31 {P} 11:32β33 {P} 11:34β40 {P} 12:1β7 {P} 12:8β10 {P} 12:11β12 {P} 12:13β15 {P} 13:1 {P} 13:2β7 {P} 13:8β14 {S} 13:15β18 {P} 13:19β25 {P} 14:1β20 {P} 15:1β8 {P} 15:9β20 {P} 16:1β3 {P} 16:4β22 {P} 16:23β31 {P} 17:1β6 {P} 17:7β13 {P} 18:1 {P} 18:2β6 {P} 18:7β31 {P} 19:1β30 {P} 20:1β2 {P} 20:3β11 {P} 20:12β16 {P} 20:17β23 {P} 20:24β29 {P} 20:30β34 {P} 20:35β48 {P} 21:1β4 {P} 21:5β12 {P} 21:13β18 {S} 21:19β22 {S} 21:23β24 {P} 21:25 === Samuel === * <u>(1Sam)</u> 1:1β28 {S} 2:1β10 {P} 2:11β21 {S} 2:22β26 {P} 2:27β36 {P} 3:1 {S} 3:2β3 {P} 3:4β5 {S} 3:6β10 {P} 3:11β18 {P} 3:19β20 {S} 3:21 {P} 4:1β17 {P} 4:18β22 {P} 5:1β5 {P} 5:6β8 {S} 5:9β12 {S} 6:1β2 {S} 6:3β14 {S} 6:15β16 * Philistine offering:<ref>The word ''ladonai'' appears at the beginning of a line followed by a space and then the first placeβname (''leβAshdod'') at the end of the line (left side of the column). Each subsequent occurrence of "one" (''ehad'') appears below ''ladonai'' at the beginning of a line followed by a space, with the placeβnames at the end of the line (left side of the column).</ref> {S} 6:17a {S} 6:17b {S} 6:17c {S} 6:17d {S} 6:17e {S} 6:17f * {S} 6:18β21;7:1 {P} 7:2 {S} 7:3β4 {P} 7:5β17 {P} 8:1β3 {P} 8:4β6 {P} 8:7β9 {S} 8:10 {S} 8:11β21 {P} 8:22 {P} 9:1β14 {S} 9:15β20 {S} 9:21 {S} 9:22β27 {P} 10:1β9 {S} 10:10β11a {S} 10:11bβ16 {S} 10:17β18a {P} 10:18bβ22a {S} 10:22bβ24 {S} 10:25β27 {P} 11:1β10 {S} 11:11β15 {P} 12:1β5 {P} 12:6β17 {S} 12:18β25 {P} 13:1β12 {S} 13:13β14 {S} 13:15β18 {S} 13:19=23 {S} 14:1β5 {S} 14:6β7 {S} 14:8β12a {P} 14:12bβ16 {P} 14:17β19a {P} 14:19bβ24 {S} 14:25β35 {P} 14:36β40 {S} 14:41β43 {S} 14:44β45 {S} 14:46β48 {P} 14:49β51 {S} 14:52 {P} 15:1 {S} 15:2β3 {S} 15:4β9 {P} 15:10β15 {P} 15:16 {S} 15:17β19 {S} 15:20β21 {S} 15:22β23 {S} 15:24β26 {S} 15:27 {S} 15:28 {S} 15:29β31 {S} 15:32 {S} 15:33 {S} 15:34β35 {P} 16:1β6 {S} 16:7β12a {P} 16:12bβ16 {P} 16:17β23 {P} 17:1β11 {P} 17:12β14 {S} 17:15β16 {P} 17:17β19 {S} 17:20β15 {P} 17:26β33 {S} 17:34β26 {S} 17:37a {S} 17:37bβ44 {S} 17:45β47 {S} 17:48β54 {S} 17:55β56 {S} 17:57β58;18:1β5 {P} 18:6β9 {S} 18:10β13 {S} 18:14β16 {P} 18:17 {S} 18:18β27 {S} 18:28β29 {P} 18:30 {S} 19:1β3 {S} 19:4β7 {S} 19:8β10 {P} 19:11β13 {S} 19:14 {S} 19:15β16 {S} 19:17β21a {P} 19:21bβ24 {P} 20:1β4 {P} 20:5β8 {P} 20:9 {S} 20:10 {S} 20:11 {S} 20:12β17 {S} 20:18β23 {S} 20:24β26 {S} 20:27a {P} 20:27bβ29 {S} 20:30β31 {S} 20:32β33 {S} 20:34 {S} 20:35β39 {S} 20:40β42 {P} 21:1β5 {P} 21:6β9 {S} 21:10a {S} 21:10bβ14 {S} 21:15β16 {P} 22:1β4 {S} 22:5 {S} 22:6β8 {S} 22:9β11 {S} 22:12β13 {S} 22:14β17 {S} 22:18β23 {S} 23:1β2a {S} 23:2bβ3 {S} 23:4β5 {S} 23:6β9 {S} 23:10β11a {S} 23:11b {S} 23:12 {S} 23:13β15 {S} 23:16β18 {S} 23:19β29 {S} 24:1 {S} 24:2β7 {S} 24:8 {S} 24:9β15 {P} 24:16β22 {S} 25:1 {P} 25:2β31 {S} 25:32β44 {S} 26:1β7 {S} 26:8β9 {P} 26:10β14 {P} 26:15β24 {P} 26:25 {P} 27:1β4 {S} 27:5β6 {P} 27:7β12 {P} 28:1β2 {P} 28:3β14 {S} 28:15 {S} 28:16β25 {P} 29:1β3 {P} 29:4β5 {S} 29:6β7 {S} 29:8β11 {S} 30:1β6 {S} 30:7β12 {S} 30:13β21 {S} 30:22 {S} 30:23β24 {S} 30:25 {P} 30:26 * Spoils:<ref>The thirteen occurrences of ''la-asher'' or ''vela-asher'' (3 each in 30:27-30 and once at the beginning of 30:31) are arranged above each other at the end of each line (left end of the column), with the appropriate place-names following at the beginning of the next line (right side of each column) and a space in the middle of the line. Some modern editions follow the same principle with different layout by presenting place names followed by ''two'' columns of ''vela-asher'' on each line.</ref> {S} 30:27a {S} 30:27b {S} 30:27c {S} 30:28a {S} 30:28b {S} 30:28c {S} 30:29a {S} 30:29b {S} 30:29c {S} 30:30a {S} 30:30b {S} 30:30c {S} 30:31 * {P} 31:1β7 {P} 31:8β13 {P} <u>(2Sam)</u> 1:1β12 {P} 1:13β16 {P} 1:17β27 {P} 2:1β4 {S} 2:5β7 {P} 2:8β9 {P} 2:10β11 {S} 2:12β32;3:1 {S} 3:2β5 {P} 3:6β8 {S} 3:9β11 {S} 3:12β13 {S} 3:14β30 {S} 3:31β32 {S} 3:33β37 {S} 3:38β39 {P} 4:1β3 {S} 4:4β12 {P} 5:1β3 {S} 5:4β10 {P} 5:11β12 {S} 5:13β16 {P} 5:17β19a {P} 5:19bβ21 {P} 5:22β25 {P} 6:1β20a {S} 6:20bβ23 {P} 7:1β4a {S} 7:4bβ5a {S} 7:5bβ17 {P} 7:18β24 {S} 7:25β29 {P} 8:1β8 {S} 8:9β18 {S} 9:1β13 {P} 10:1β16 {S} 10:17β19 {P} 11:1 {S} 11:2β15 {S} 1:16β24 {S} 11:25β27 {P} 12:1β6 {S} 12:7a {S} 12:7bβ10 {S} 12:11β12 {S} 12:13a {S} 12:13bβ25 {P} 12:26β31 {P} 13:1β22 {P} 13:23β27 {S} 13:28β30 {P} 13:31 {S} 13:32β33 {P} 13:34β39 14:1β4 {S} 14:5β7 {P} 14:8β9 {S} 14:10β12 {S} 14:13β17 {P} 14:18β20 {S} 14:21β23 {S} 14:24 {S} 14:25β27 {P} 14:28β30 {P} 14:31β33 {S} 15:1β6 {P} 15:7β9 {P} 15:10β18 {S} 15:19β24 {S} 15:25β26 {S} 15:27β37 {S} 16:1β9 {S} 16:10 {S} 16:11β13a {S} 16:13b {P} 16:14β19 {P} 16:20β23 {S} 17:1β4 {S} 17:5β6 {S} 17:7β13 {P} 17:14a {S} 17:14b {S} 17:15β20 {S} 17:21β23 {S} 17:24β26 {S} 17:27β29 {S} 18:1β2a {S} 18:2bβ3 {S} 18:4β18 {S} 18:19β28a {S} 18:28b {S} 18:29β31 {S} 18:32 {S} 19:1β5 {S} 19:6β8a {S} 19:8b {S} 19:9 {S} 19:10β11 {S} 19:12β21 {S} 19:22 {S} 19:23β24 {S} 19:25β29 {P} 19:30β31 {S} 19:32β38 {S} 19:39β40 {S} 19:41β42 {S} 19:43 {S} 19:44{S} 20:1β3 {S} 20:4β5 {S} 20:6β8 {S} 20:9β14a {S} 2β:14bβ19 {P} 2β:20β22 {S} 20:23β26 {S} 21:1a {S} 21:1bβ6 {P} 21:7β14 {P} 21:15β17 {P} 21:18 {S} 21:19 {S} 21:20β22 * {P} '''[[#Song of David|Song of David: {SONG} 22:1β51 {SONG}]]''' * {P} 23:1β7 {P} 23:8 {S} 23:9β10 {S} 23:11β12 {S} 23:13β15 {S} 23:16β17 {S} 23:18β19 {S} 23:20β23 * David's Thirty Champions:<ref>The closed portions found in the Aleppo Codex for this list mostly appear in the ''middle'' of its narrow columns, leaving just a single word (or a short phrase) at the beginning and end of each line.</ref> {S} 23:24 {S} 23:25a {S} 23:25b {S} {S} 23:26a {S} 23:26b {S} 23:26c {S} 23:27a {S} 23:27b {S} {S} 23:28a {S} 23:28b {S} {S} 23:29a {S} 23:29b {S} {S} 23:30a {S} 23:30b {S} 23:31a {S} 23:31b {S} {S} 23:32a {S} 23:32b {S} {S} 23:33a {S} 23:33b {S} {S} 23:34a {S} 23:34b {S} {S} 23:35a {S} 23:35b {S} {S} 23:36a {S} 23:36b {S} {S} 23:37a {S} 23:37b {S} {S} 23:38a {S} 23:38b {S} 23:39 * {P} 24:1β2 {S} 24:3β10a {P} 24:10bβ11a {P} 24:11bβ13 {S} 24:14β16 {S} 24:17 {P} 24:18β23a {S} 24:23bβ25 === Kings === <small>The Aleppo codex is missing three folios from II Kings that included 14:21 (ΧΧͺ Χ’ΧΧ¨ΧΧ) to 18:13 (Χ©Χ Χ). ''Parashot'' listed from the missing section are based upon Kimhi's notes on the codex<ref name="Ofer, Yellin p. 320">Ofer, Yellin, p. 320 and p. 332 n. 1.</ref> and marked with an asterisk (*).</small> *<u>(1Kings)</u> 1:1β19a {P} 1:19bβ27 {S} 1:28β31 {P} 1:32β53 {P} 2:1β10 {P} 2:11β12 {S} 2:13β22 {P} 2:23β25 {S} 2:26β27 {P} 2:28β38 {S} 2:39β40 {S} 2:41β46;3:1β2 {P} 3:3β14 {S} 3:15 {P} 3:16β23 {P} 3:24β27 {S} 3:28 *Solomon's officials: {S} 4:1 {S} 4:2 {S} 4:3a {S} 4:3b {S} 4:4a {S} 4:4b {S} 4:5a {S} 4:5b {S} 4:6a {S} 4:6b {S} 4:7 {S} 4:8 {S} 4:9 {S} 4:10 {S} 4:11 {S} 4:12 {S} 4:13 {S} 4:14 {S} 4:15 {S} 4:16 {S} 4:17 {S} 4:18 {S} 4:19β20;5:1 *{P} 5:2β5 {S} 5:6β8 {S} 5:9β14 {S} 5:15 {S} 5:16β25 {P} 5:26β28 {S} 5:29β30 {S} 5:31β32 {P} 6:1β10 {P} 6:11β13 {P} 6:14β38;7:1β12 {P} 7:13β26 {P} 7:27β37 {S} 7:38β39 {S} 7:40β50 {P} 7:51 {P} 8:1β11 {P} 8:12β21 {S} 8:22β34 {S} 8:35β36 {S} 8:37β53 {P} 8:54β66;9:1 {P} 9:2β9 {P} 9:10β13 {P} 9:14β22 {S} 9:23β28 {P} 10:1β13 {P} 10:14β17 {P} 10:18β25 {S} 10:26β29 {P} 11:1β6 {S} 11:7β10 {P} 11:11β13 {S} 11:14β25 {P} 11:26β28 {S} 11:29β39 {S} 11:40 {S} 11:41β43 {S} 12:1β17 {P} 12:18β19 {S} 12:20β21 {P} 12:22β24 {S} 12:25β33 {P} 13:1β10 {P} 13:11β20a {P} 13:20bβ32 {P} 13:33β34 {P} 14:1β4 {P} 14:5β20 {P} 14:21β24 {P} 14:25β31 {P} 15:1β8 {P} 15:9β14 {S} 15:15β24 {P} 15:25β32 {P} 15:33β34 {S} 16:1β7 {P} 16:8β14 {P} 16:15β20 {P} 16:21β22 {P} 16:23β28 {P} 16:29β34 {S} 17:1 {S} 17:2β7 {S} 17:8β16 {P} 17:17β24 {P} 18:1β14 {S} 18:15β46;19:1β14 {S} 19:15β21 {P} 20:1β22 {P} 20:23β25 {P} 20:26β34 {S} 20:35β43 {P} 21:1β16 {P} 21:17β26 {P} 21:27 {P} 21:28β29;22;1 {P} 22:2β18 {S} 22:19β40 {P} 22:41β51 {S} 22:52β54;1:1β2<u>(2Kings)</u><ref>The Aleppo Codex has no break at all where 2 Kings begins in the Greek textual tradition; text continues on the very same line with no interruption (see the relevant image at [http://aleppocodex.org/ aleppocodex.org]). In the Leningrad codex there is a closed ''parashah'' break where 2 Kings begins, such that in printed editions reflecting that tradition, text continues at the end of the same line after a gap.</ref> {S} 1:3β14 {S} 1:15β17a {P} 1:17b {S} 1:18 {P} 2:1β18 {S} 2:19β22 {P} 2:23β25 {P} 3:1β3 {P} 3:4β10 {S} 3:11β27 {P} 4:1β7 {P} 4:8β37 {P} 4:38β41 {S} 4:42β44 {P} 5:1β19 {S} 5:20β27;6:1β7 {P} 6:8β23 {P} 6:24β33 {P} 7:1β2 {P} 7:3β20 {S} 8:1β4 {S} 8:5β6 {P} 8:7β15 {P} 8:16β24 {P} 8:25β29 {P} 9:1β28 {P} 9:29β37 {S} 10:1β14 {S} 10:15β17 {P} 10:18β29 {P} 10:30β36 {P} 11:1β3 {P} 11:4β12 {S} 11:13β16 {S} 11:17β20 {S} 12:1 {P} 12:2β6 {P} 12:7β17 {P} 12:18β22 {P} 13:1β9 {P} 13:10β13 {P} 13:14β19 {P} 13:20β21 {P} 13:22β25 {P} 14:1β7 {P} 14:8β16 {P} 14:17β22 {P*} 14:23β29 {P*} 15:1β7 {P*} 15:8β12 {P*} 15:13β16 {P*} 15:17β22 {P*} 15:23β26 {P*} 15:27β31 {P*} 15:32β38 {P*} 16:1β20<ref>The Leningrad codex has an open section at 16:7 (ΧΧΧ©ΧΧ ΧΧΧ), but Kimhi did not note any ''parashah''. The possibility that Kimhi erred by neglecting to note a ''parashah'' at 16:7 is lessened by the fact that [[Codex Cairensis]] also lacks a ''parashah'' at this point (Ofer, Yellin, p. 332 n. 1). For this reason Breuer's editions based on the Aleppo Codex and Kimhi's notes (''Horev'' and ''The Jerusalem Crown'') do not show a ''parashah'' at 16:7. Finfer similarly does not record this verse in his list of ''parashot'' (p. 130), and thus no break is shown in the ''Koren'' edition. However, the volume of ''Mikraot Gedolot Haketer'' on Kings does show an open ''parashah'' break {P} at 16:7 as found in the Leningrad Codex.</ref> {P*} 17:1β6 {P*} 17:7β23 {P*} 17:24β41 {P*} 18:1β8 {P*} 18:9β12 {P*} 18:13β16 {P} 18:17β37;19:1β14 {P} 19:15β19 {S} 19:20β31 {S} 19:32β37 {P} 20:1β3 {S} 20:4β11 {P} 20:12β21 {P} 21:1β11 {S} 21:12β18 {P} 21:19β26 {P} 22:1β2 {P} <u>22:3β20;23:1β30</u> (Josiah's deeds) {P} 23:31β35 {S} 23:36β37;24:1β7 {P} 24:8β17 {P} 24:18β20 {S} 25:1β7 {S} 25:8β24 {P} 25:25β26 {P} 25:27β30 === Isaiah === * '''Prophecies about Judah and Israel (1β12):''' 1:1β9 {P} 1:10β17 {S} 1:18β20 {P} 1:21β23 {S} 1:24β31 {P} 2:1β4 {P} 2:5β11 {P} 2:12β22 {P} 3:1β12 {P} 3:13β15 {S} 3:16β17 {S} 3:18β26;4:1 {S} 4:2β6 {P} 5:1β7 {P} 5:8β10 {S} 5:11β17 {S} 5:18β19 {S} 5:20 {S} 5:21 {S} 5:22β23 {P} 5:24β30 {P} 6:1β13 {P} 7:1β2 {S} 7:3β6 {P} 7:7β9 {P} 7:10β17 {P} 7:18β20 {P} 7:21β22 {S} 7:23β25 {P} 8:1β3a {S} 8:3bβ4 ΧΧΧΧΧ¨ Χ' ΧΧΧ {S} 8:5β8 {S} 8:9β10 {S} 8:11β15 {P} 8:16β18 {S} 8:19β23;9:1β6 {P} 9:7β12 {S} 9:13β20 {S} 10:1β4 {P} 10:5β11 {P} 10:12β15 {P} 10:16β19 {S} 10:20β23 {P} 10:24β32 {P} 10:33β34 {S} 11:1β9 {S} 11:10 {P} 11:11β16;12:1β6 * '''Prophecies about the Nations (13β23):''' {S} 13:1β5 {S} 13:6β22;14:1β2 {S} 14:3β27 {P} 14:28β32 {P} 15:1β9;16:1β4 {S} 16:5β12 {S} 16:13β14 {P} 17:1β3 {P} 17:4β8 {S} 17:9β11 {S} 17:12β14 {P} 18:1β3 {S} 18:4β6 {S} 18:7 {S} 19:1β17 {S} 19:18 {S} 19:19β22 {S} 19:23 {S} 19:24β25 {S} 20:1β2 {S} 20:3β6 {P} 21:1β5 {S} 21:6β10 {P} 21:11β12 {P} 21:13β15 {S} 21:16β17 {S} 22:1β14 {P} 22:15β25 {P} 23:1β14 {S} 23:15β18 * '''Prophecies about Judah and Israel (24β35):''' {P} 24:1β15 {S} 24:16β20 {S} 24:21β23 {P} 25:1β5 {P} 25:6β8 {P} 25:9β12 {S} 26:1β10 {P} 26:11 {S} 26:12 {S} 26:13β15 {P} 26:16β19 {P} 26:20β21 {P} 27:1 {S} 27:2β6 {P} 27:7β11 {P} 27:12 {P} 27:13 {P} 28:1β4 {S} 28:5β6 {S} 28:7β8 {P} 28:9β13 {P} 28:14β15 {P} 28:16β17 {S} 28:18β22 {P} 28:23β29 {P} 29:1β8 {P} 29:9β12 {S} 29:13β14 {S} 29:15β21 {P} 29:22β24 {S} 30:1β5 {S} 30:6β11 {S} 30:12β14 {S} 30:15β18 {P} 30:19β26 {P} 30:27β33 {P} 31:1β3 {S} 31:4β9 {P} 32:1β8 {S} 32:9β20 {S} 33:1 {S} 33:2β6 {P} 33:7β9 {S} 33:10β12 {P} 33:13β24 {S} 34:1β17 {S} 35:1β2 {P} 35:3β10 * '''Narrative (36β39):''' {S} 36:1β10 {S} 36:11β16a {P} 36:16bβ22 ΧΧ ΧΧ ΧΧΧ¨ {S} 37:1β14 {S} 37:15β32 {S} 37:33β35 {S} 37:36β38 {S} 38:1β3 {S} 38:4β8 {S} 38:9β22 {S} 39:1β2 {S} 39:3β8 * '''Consolations (40β66):''' {P} 40:1β2 {S} 40:3β5 {P} 40:6β8 {S} 40:9β11 {S} 40:12β16 {P} 40:17β20 {S} 40:21β24 {S} 40:25β26 {S} 40:27β31 {S} 41:1β7 {S} 41:8β13 {S} 41:14β16 {S} 41:17β20 {P} 41:21β24 {P} 41:25β29 {P} 42:1β4 {P} 42:5β9 {P} 42:10β13 {S} 42:14β17 {P} 42:18β25;43:1β10 {S} 43:11β13 {S} 43:14β15 {S} 43:16β21 {S} 43:22β28 {P} 44:1β5 {P} 44:6β20 {S} 44:21β23 {S} 44:4β28 {P} 45:1β7 {P} 45:8 {S} 45:9 {S} 45:10 {S} 45:11β13 {S} 45:14β17 {P} 45:18β25;46:1β2 {P} 46:3β4 {S} 46:5β7 {S} 46:8β11 {S} 46:12β13 {S} 47:1β3 {P} 47:4β7 {P} 47:8β15 {S} 48:1β2 {S} 48:3β11 {P} 48:12β16 {P} 48:17β19 {S} 48:20β22 {P} 49:1β4 {S} 49:5β6 {S} 49:7 {S} 49:8β13 {S} 49:14β21 {P} 49:22β23 {S} 49:24 {S} 49:25β26 {S} 50:1β3 {P} 50:4β9 {S} 50:10 {S} 50:11 {S} 51:1β3 {S} 51:4β6 {P} 51:7β8 {S} 51:9β11 {S} 51:12β16 {S} 51:17β21 {P} 51:22β23 {P} 52:1β2 {S} 52:3 {S} 52:4β6 {S} 52:7β10 {S} 52:11β12 {S} 52:13β15 {S} 53:1β12 {P} 54:1β8 {S} 54:9β10 {S} 54:11β17 {S} 55:1β5 {S} 55:6β13 {P} 56:1β2 {S} 56:3 {P} 56:4β5 v{S} 56:6β9 {P} 56:10β12;57:1β2 {S} 57:3β14 {S} 57:15β21 {P} 58:1β14 {P} 59:1β14 {S} 59:15β21 {S} 60:1β22 {S} 61:1β9 {P} 61:10β11;62:1β9 {S} 62:10β12 {S} 63:1β6 {S} 63:7β19;64:1β2 {S} 64:3β11 {P} 65:1β7 {S} 65:8β12 {P} 65:13β25 {S} 66:1β4 {S} 66:5β9 {S} 66:10β11 {S} 66:12β14 {S} 66:15β24 === Jeremiah === Jeremiah is divided into distinct prophecies, each of which begins with an announcement of "the word of the Lord to Jeremiah" or a similar phrase. Each such prophecy begins a new open ''parashah'' {P} in the Aleppo Codex, with the single exception of the sixth prophecy (14:1) that begins with a closed ''parashah'' {S}. <small>The Aleppo codex is missing two folios from Jeremiah, and the folio following them is also partly torn. The missing text included parts of chapters 29β32.<ref>These include 29:9 (ΧΧΧΧ) to 31:34 (Χ ΧͺΧ); 32:1 (ΧΧ ΧΧΧΧΧ¨ΧΧ¦Χ¨) to 32:5 (ΧΧ); 32:8 (Χ©ΧΧ) to 32:12 (ΧΧ‘Χ€Χ¨); 32:14 (Χ¨ΧΧΧ) to 32:19 (Χ’ΧΧ ΧΧ); 32:21 (ΧΧΧΧΧ¨Χ) to 32:24. However, a few words from 32:4-5 and 32:24 remain.</ref> ''Parashot'' listed from the missing parts are based upon Kimhi's notes on the codex<ref name="Ofer, Yellin p. 320"/> and marked with an asterisk (*).</small> '''Prophecies of Destruction (1β25):''' * '''First prophecy (1):''' 1:1β3 {P} 1:4β6 {S} 1:7β10 {P} 1:11β12 {S} 1:13β19 * '''Second prophecy (2:1β3:5):''' {P} 2:1β3 {P} 2:4β28 {S} 2:29β37;3:1β5 * '''Third prophecy (3:6β6:30):''' {P} 3:6β10 {S} 3:11β17 {S} 3:18β25 {S} 4:1β2 {S} 4:3β8 {P} 4:9 {S} 4:10β18 {P} 4:19β21 {P} 4:22β31 {S} 5:1β9 {S} 5:10β13 {S} 5:14β19 {P} 5:20β29 {S} 5:30β31; 6:1β5 {P} 6:6β8 {P} 6:9β15 {S} 6:16β21 {P} 6:22β30 * '''Fourth prophecy (7β10):''' {P} 7:1β2 {S} 7:3β15 {P} 7:16β20 {P} 7:21β28 {S} 7:29β31 {P} 7:32β34;8:1β3 {S} 8:4β12 {P} 8:13β16 {P} 8:17 {S} 8:18β22 {S} 8:23 {S} 9:1β5 {S} 9:6β8 {S} 9:9β10 {S} 9:11 {S} 9:12β13 {P} 9:14β15 {P} 9:16β18 {S} 9:19β21 {S} 9:22β23 {S} 9:24β25 {P} 10:1β5 {P} 10:6β10 {P} 10:11 {S} 10:12β16 {S} 10:17 {S} 10:18 {S} 10:19β21 {P} 10:22 {S} 10:23β25 * '''Fifth prophecy (11β13):''' {P} 11:1β5 {P} 11:6β8 {S} 11:9β10 {S} 11:11β13 {S} 11:14 {S} 11:15β17 {P} 11:18β20 {S} 11:21 {P} 11:22β23 {S} 12:1β3 {P} 12:4β6 {S} 12:7β12 {S} 12:13 {P} 12:14β17 {S} 13:1β2 {P} 13:3β7 {P} 13:8β10 {S} 13:11β12a {S} 13:12bβ17 ΧΧ ΧΧΧ¨ {S} 13:18β19 {S} 13:20β27 * '''Sixth prophecy (14β17):''' {S} 14:1β9 {S} 14:10 {P} 14:11β12 {S} 14:13 {S} 14:14 {S} 14:15β18 {S} 14:19β22 {P} 15:1β9 {S} 15:10 {S} 15:11β14 {S} 15:15β16 {S} 15:17β18 {S} 15:19β21 {S} 16:1β2 {S} 16:3β4 {S} 16:5β8 {P} 16:9β13 {P} 16:14β5 {P} 16:16β18 {P} 16:19β21 {S} 17:1β4 {S} 17:5β6 {S} 17:7β10 {S} 17:11β13 {P} 17:14β18 {S} 17:19β27 * '''Seventh prophecy (18β20):''' {P} 18:1β4 {S} 18:5β6 {S} 18:7β8 {S} 18:9β10 {S} 18:11β12 {P} 18:13β17 {S} 18:18β23 {S} 19:1β5 {P} 19:6β13 {P} 19:14 {S} 19:15;20:1β3 {S} 20:4β6 {P} 20:7β12 {S} 20:13 {S} 20:14β18 * '''Eighth prophecy (21β24):''' {P} 21:1β3 {S} 21:1β3 {S} 21:4β10 {S} 21:11β14;22:1β5 {P} 22:6β9 {S} 22:10β12 {S} 22:13β17 {S} 22:18β19 {S} 22:20β27 {P} 22:28β30 {P} 23:1 {S} 23:2β4 {S} 23:5β6 {P} 23:7β8 {P} 23:9β14 {P} 23:15 {P} 23:16β22 {S} 23:23β29 {S} 23:30β40 {P} 24:1β2 {P} 24:3 {P} 24:4β7 {S} 24:8β10 * '''Ninth prophecy (25):''' {P} 25:1β7 {P} 25:8β14 {P} 25:15β27a {P} 25:27bβ31 ΧΧ ΧΧΧ¨ {S} 25:32β38 '''Prophecies interwoven with narratives about the prophet's life (26β45):''' * '''Tenth prophecy (26β29):''' {P} 26:1β6 {P} 26:7β10 {S} 26:11β15 {S} 26:16β24 {P} 27:1β22 {P} 28:1β11 {P} 28:12β17 {P} 29:1β9 {P*} 29:10β15 {S*} 29:16 {S*} 29:17β20 {P*} 29:21β23 {S*} 29:24β29 {P*} 29:30β32 * '''Consolations (30β33):''' ** '''Eleventh prophecy (30β31):''' {P*} 30:1β3 {P*} 30:4β9 {S*} 30:10β11 {S*} 30:12β17 {S*} 30:18β22 {S*} 30:23β25 {S*} 31:1β5 {P*} 31:6β8 {P*} 31:9β13 {P*} 31:14 {S*} 31:15β19<ref>The Leningrad codex has a closed section break {S} at 31:17 (Χ©ΧΧΧ’), but Kimhi did not note any ''parashah''. The possibility that Kimhi erred by neglecting to note a ''parashah'' at 31:17 is lessened by the fact that [[Codex Cairensis]] also lacks a ''parashah'' at this point, as well as the fact that Finfer records lack of a ''parashah'' break here in most manuscripts (Ofer, Yellin, p. 332 n. 1). For this reason Breuer's editions based on the Aleppo Codex and Kimhi's notes (''Horev'' and ''The Jerusalem Crown'') do not show a ''parashah'' at noon 31:17, nor does a break appear in the ''Koren'' edition based on Finfer's list. However, Finfer does note that "a few manuscripts" have {S} here (p. 133).</ref> {S*} 31:20β21 {P*} 31:22β25 {S*} 31:26β29 {S*} 31:30β33 {S*} 31:34β35 {S} 31:36 {S} 31:37β39 ** '''Twelfth prophecy (32β33):''' {P} 32:1β5 {P} 32:6β14 {S*} 32:15 {P*} 32:16β25 {S} 32:26β35 {S} 32:36β41 {S} 32:42β44 {P} 33:1β3 {P} 33:4β9 {S} 33:10β11 {S} 33:12β13 {S} 33:14β16 {S} 33:17β18 {P} 33:19β22 {S} 33:23β24 {S} 33:25β26 * '''Thirteenth prophecy (34):''' {P} 34:1β5 {S} 34:6β7 {P} 34:8β11 {P} 34:12β16 {S} 34:17β22 * '''Fourteenth prophecy (35):''' {P} 35:1β11 {P} 35:12β19 * '''Fifteenth prophecy (36β39):''' {P} 36:1β3 {S} 36:4β8 {P} 36:9β18 {S} 36:19β26 {S} 36:27β29 {S} 36:30β32 {P} 37:1β5 {P} 37:6β8 {P} 37:9β11 {S} 37:12β21;38:1β2 {S} 38:3β6 {S} 38:7β13 {S} 38:14β16 {S} 38:17a {S} 38:17bβ18 ΧΧ ΧΧΧ¨ {S} 38:19β23 {S} 38:24β26 {P} 38:27β28a {S} 38:28b; 39:1β14 ΧΧΧΧ ΧΧΧ©Χ¨ {S} 39:15β18 * '''Sixteenth prophecy (40β45):''' {P} 40:1β6 {P} 40:7β12 {S} 40:13β16 {P} 41:1β10 {S} 41:11β15 {S} 41:16β18 {P} 42:1β6 {P} 42:7β22 {S} 43:1 {S} 43:2β7 {S} 43:8β13 {P} 44:1β6 {S} 44:7β10 {S} 44:11β14 {P} 44:15β19 {S} 44:20β23 {S} 44:24β25 {S} 44:26β29 {P} 44:30 {S} 45:1β5 '''Prophecies against the nations (46β51):''' * '''Against the nations (46β49):''' {P} 46:1β12 {P} 46:13β19 {S} 46:20β26 {P} 46:27β28 {P} 47:1β7 {P} 48:1β11 {S} 48:12β39 {S} 48:40β47 {S} 49:1β6 {P} 49:7β11 {S} 49:12β19 {S} 49:20β22 {P} 49:23β27 {P} 49:28β33 {S} 49:34β39 * '''Against Babylon (50β51):''' {P} 50:1β7 {S} 50:8β16 {S} 50:17 {P} 50:18β20 {P} 50:21 {S} 50:22β27 {S} 50:28β30 {P} 50:31β32 {S} 50:33β46 {S} 51:1β10 {S} 51:11β14 {S} 51:15β19 {P} 51:20β24 {S} 51:25β32 {S} 51:33β35 {S} 51:36β51 {P} 51:52β53 {S} 51:54β57 {S} 51:58 {S} 51:59β64 '''Narrative (52):''' * '''Destruction and Hope (52):''' {P} 52:1β23 {S} 52:24β27 {S} 52:28β30 {S} 52:31β34 === Ezekiel === * '''Prophecies before the Fall of Jerusalem (1β24):''' 1:1β28 {P} 2:1β2 {P} 2:3β5 {P} 2:6β7 {P} 2:8β10 {S} 3:1β3 {P} 3:4β9 {P} 3:10β16a {P} 3:16bβ21ΧΧΧΧ ΧΧΧ¨ {P} 3:22β27 {P} 4:1β3 {P} 4:4β12 {S} 4:13β14 {S} 4:15 {S} 4:16β17 {P} 5:1β4 {P} 5:5β6 {S} 5:7β9 {P} 5:10 {S} 5:11β17 {P} 6:1β10 {P} 6:11β14 {P} 7:1β4 {P} 7:5β22 {P} 7:23β27 {P} 8:1β6 {P} 8:7β8 {S} 8:9β14 {S} 8:15β18;9:1β3 {P} 9:4β11 {P} 10:1β22;11:1 {P} 11:2β3 {S} 11:4β6 {P} 11:7β13 {P} 11:14β15 {S} 11:16 {S} 11:17β25 {P} 12:1β7 {P} 12:8β16 {P} 12:17β20 {P} 12:21β25 {P} 12:26β28 {P} 13:1β7 {S} 13:8β12 {S} 13:13β16 {P} 13:17β19 {S} 13:20β23;14:1 {P} 14:2β3 {S} 14:4β5 {S} 14:6β8 {S} 14:9β11 {P} 14:12β20 {P} 14:21β23 {P} 15:1β5 {S} 15:6β8 {P} 16:1β35 {P} 16:36β50 {S} 16:51β58 {S} 16:59β63 {P} 17:1β10 {P} 17:11β18 {S} 17:19β21 {P} 17:22β24 {P} 18:1β20 {S} 18:21β23 {S} 18:24β26 {S} 18:27β32 {P} 19:1β9 {P} 19:10β14 {P} 20:1 {S} 20:2β26 {S} 20:27β29 {S} 20:30β31a {S} 20:31bβ44 ΧΧΧ Χ ΧΧΧ¨Χ© {P} 21:1β5 {P} 21:6β10 {S} 21:11β12 {P} 21:13β18 {P} 21:19β22 {P} 21:23β28 {S} 21:29 {P} 21:30 {S} 21:31β32 {P} 21:33β37 {P} 22:1β16 {P} 22:17β18 {S} 22:19β22 {P} 22:23β31 {P} 23:1β10 {S} 23:11β21 {S} 23:22β27 {P} 23:28β31 {S} 23:32β34 {S} 23:35 {S} 23:36β45 {S} 23:46β49 {P} 24:1β5 {S} 24:6β8 {P} 24:9β14 {P} 24:15β24 {S} 24:25β27 * '''Prophecies about the Nations (25β32):''' {P} 25:1β5 {P} 25:6β7 {P} 25:8β11 {P} 25:12β17 {P} 26:1β6 {P} 26:7β14 {S} 26:15β18 {S} 26:19β21 {P} 27:1β3 {S} 27:4β36 {P} 28:1β5 {S} 28:6β10 {P} 28:11β19 {P} 28:20β24 {P} 28:25β26 {P} 29:1β7 {S} 29:8β12 {S} 29:13β16 {P} 29:17β18 {S} 29:19β21 {P} 30:1β5 {P} 30:6β9 {S} 30:10β12 {S} 30:13β19 {P} 30:20β21 {S} 30:22β26 {P} 31:1β9 {P} 31:10β14 {P} 31:15β18 32:1β2 {S} 32:3β10 {P} 32:11β16 {P} 32:17β32 * '''Prophecies after the Fall of Jerusalem (33β39):''' {P} 33:1β6 {P} 33:7β9 {P} 33:10β11 {P} 33:12β20 {P} 33:21β22 {P} 33:23β24 {S} 33:25β26 {S} 33:27β29 {P} 33:30β33 {P} 34:1β10 {S} 34:11β19 {P} 34:20β31 {P} 35:1β10 {S} 35:11β13 {S} 35:14β15 {P} 36:1β12 {S} 36:13β15 {P} 36:16β21 {P} 36:22β32 {S} 36:33β36 {S} 36:37β38 {P} 37:1β9a {S} 37:9bβ14 ΧΧ ΧΧΧ¨ {P} 37:15β28 {P} 38:1β9 {S} 38:10β13 {S} 38:14β16 {S} 38:17 {S} 38:18β23 {S} 39:1β10 {S} 39:11β16 {P} 39:17β24 {S} 39:25β29 * '''Visions of the Future Jerusalem (40β48):''' {P} <u>40:1β49;41:1β26;42:1β20;43:1β9</u> (the future Temple) {S} 43:10β27a {S} 43:27b ΧΧΧΧ ΧΧΧΧ ΧΧ©ΧΧΧ Χ {S} 44:1β8 {S} 44:9β14 {P} 44:15β31 {P} 45:1β8 {P} 45:9β15 {P} 45:16β17 {S} 45:18β25 {S} 46:1β5 {S} 46:6β11 {P} 46:12β15 {S} 46:16 {S} 46:17β24;47:1β12 {P} 47:13β23 {P} 48:1β29 {S} 48:30β35 === Twelve Minor Prophets === The Aleppo Codex leaves four empty lines between each of the books of the [[Minor prophet|Twelve Minor Prophets]]. The [[Leningrad Codex]] leaves three lines. ''Parashot'' within each of the twelve individual books are listed below. <small>The Aleppo Codex is missing seven folios from two different sections of the Twelve Minor Prophets. ''Parashot'' listed from the missing sections are based upon Kimhi's notes on the codex<ref>Ofer, Yellin, p. 321.</ref> and marked with an asterisk (*). The two sections are: (a) three missing folios that included Amos 8:13 to the end, Obadiah, Jonah, Micah until 5:1 (ΧΧ§ΧΧ); (b) four missing folios that included Zephaniah 3:10 (ΧΧΧ¨Χ₯) to the end, Haggai, Zechariah until 9:17 (ΧΧΧ).</small> * '''Hosea:''' 1:1β2a {P} 1:2bβ9 {P} 2:1β15 {S} 2:16β22 {P} 2:23β25 {P} 3:1β5 {P} 4:1β19 {P} 5:1β7 {S} 5:8β15;6:1β11 {P} 7:1β12 {S} 7:13β16;8:1β14 {P} 9:1β9 {P} 9:10β17 {S} 10:1β8 {P} 10:9β15; 11:1β11 {S} 12:1β15; 13:1β11 {P} 13:12β15; 14:1 {P} 14:2β10 * '''Joel:''' 1:1β12 {S} 1:13β20 {S} 2:1β14 {P} 2:15β27 {P} 3:1β5;4:1β8 {P} 4:9β17 {S} 4:18β21 * '''Amos:''' ** Three and four transgressions: 1:1β2 {P} 1:3β5 {P} 1:6β8 {P} 1:9β10 {P} 1:11β12 {P} 1:13β15 {P} 2:1β2 {P} 2:4β5 {P} 2:6β16 ** {P} 3:1β10 {P} 3:11β15 {S} 4:1β9 {S} 4:10β13 {P} 5:1β15 {S} 5:16β17 {P} 5:18β27 {P} 6:1β10 {S} 6:11β14 {P} 7:1β6 {P} 7:7β9 {S} 7:10β11 {S} 7:12β17 {P} 8:1β3 {P} 8:4β8 {P} 8:9β10 {P} 8:11β14 {P*} 9:1β6 {P*} 9:7β12 {P*} 9:13β15 * '''Obadiah:''' There are no ''parashah'' divisions in the 21 verses of Obadiah (1:1β21). * '''Jonah:''' 1:1β16;2:1β10 {P*} 2:11 {S*} 3:1β10;4:1β3 {P*} 4:4β11 * '''Micah:''' 1:1β16 {S*} 2:1β2 {S*} 2:3β13 {P*} 3:1β4 {P*} 3:5β8 {P*} 3:9β12 {P*} 4:1β5 {P*} 4:6β7 {P*} 4:8β14 {S*} 5:1β5 {P*} 5:6 {P} 5:7β14 {P} 6:1β8 {S} 6:9β16 {P} 7:1β8 {P} 7:9β13 {P} 7:14β20 * '''Nahum:''' 1:1β11 {S} 1:12β14 {P} 2:1β14 {P} 3:1β19 * '''Habakkuk:''' 1:1β17 {S} 2:1β4 {S} 2:5β8 {P} 2:9β11 {P} 2:12β14 {P} 2:15β18 {S} 2:19β20 {S} 3:1β13 {P} 3:14β19 * '''Zephaniah:''' 1:1β11 {S} 1:12β18 {S} 2:1β4 {S} 2:5β15 {P} 3:1β13 {P*} 3:14β15 {P*} 3:16β20 * '''Haggai:''' 1:1β2 {P*} 1:3β6 {P*} 1:7β11 {P*} 1:12β14 {P*} 1:15; 2:1β5 {P*} 2:6β9 {P*} 2:10β19 {P*} 2:20β23 * '''Zechariah:''' 1:1β6 {P*} 1:7β17 {P*} 2:1β2 {P*} 2:3β4 {S*} 2:5β9 {P*} 2:10β11 {P*} 2:12β13 {S*} 2:14β17 {P*} 3:1β10; 4:1β7 {P*} 4:8β14; 5:1β8 {S*} 5:9β11 {P*} 6:1β8 {P*} 6:9β15 {P*} 7:1β3 {S*} 7:4β7 {P*} 7:8β14 {P*} 8:1β5 {P*} 8:6 {P*} 8:7β8 {P*} 8:9β13 {S*} 8:14β17 {P*} 8:18β19 {P*} 8:20β22 {S*} 8:23 {P*} 9:1β8 {S*} 9:9β17; 10:1β2 {P} 10:3β12 {P} 11:1β3 {P} 11:4β11 {S} 11:12β14 {P} 11:15β17 {P} 12:1β14; 13:1β6 {P} 13:7β9 {P} 14:1β11; 14:12β21 * '''Malachi:''' 1:1β13 {S} 1:14; 2:1β9 {P} 2:10β12 {P} 2:13β16 {P} 2:17; 3:1β12 {P} 3:13β18 {P} 3:19β21 {S} 3:22β24 == Poetic layout of Psalms, Proverbs and Job == The three [[biblical poetry|poetic]] books of Psalms, Proverbs and Job are collectively known as ''Sifrei Emet'' (see the article on [[Ketuvim]]). These three books share a unique system of [[Hebrew cantillation|cantillation]] unlike that of the other 21 books in [[Tanakh]], a system designed to highlight the [[parallelism (rhetoric)|parallelism]]s in their verses. In the Tiberian masoretic codices, the unique system of cantillation for ''Sifrei Emet'' is complemented by a scribal layout unlike that of the rest of the Bible: Instead of the three narrow columns per page typical of these codices, ''Sifrei Emet'' are written in two wide columns per page. In each line of these wide columns text begins on the right, followed by a gap, and then continued by further text until the left margin of the column. Although there is ample evidence that the scribes attempted to place the gaps in the middle of the lines at the points where the cantillation divides the verses, they often did not succeed in doing so because of space limitations. Modern editions based upon the Aleppo Codex have implemented the idea fully by allowing wide full-page columns for Psalms, Proverbs, and Job.<ref>Editions which have implemented the poetic layout in full include''Jerusalem Crown: The Bible of the Hebrew University of Jerusalem'' (2000); ''Mikraot Gedolot Haketer'', ed. Menachem Cohen (Bar-Ilan University, 1992-present) on Psalms (two volumes); and the''Simanim'' editions of Psalms and the full Tanakh (Feldheim, 2005). For a clear explanation of the phenomenon see Cohen's remarks in his introduction to the first volume of Psalms (p. 8).</ref> In poetic layout, ''parashah'' divisions are typically indicated by a blank line for an open ''parashah''. The gaps in the middle of lines are not considered ''parashah'' divisions, and each scribe formatted the verses as he saw fit for aesthetic and practical reasons. An exception to this rule, however, is for the introductory titles of many individual psalms which are followed by formal ''parashah'' breaks, often by continuing the text at the beginning of the next line. These formal breaks will be indicated in the list of ''parashot'' for Psalms. The special poetic cantillation and layout are ''not'' implemented for the narrative opening and conclusion of the book of Job (1:1-3:1 and 42:7-17). == Ketuvim == Parashot in [[Ketuvim]] are listed here according to the [[Aleppo codex]], with variants from other masoretic traditions noted at the end of each book's section. The books of [[Ketuvim]] are presented in the order they appear in most printed Hebrew bibles. In Tiberian and early Sephardic masoretic codices (such as the Aleppo Codex) the order is as follows: Chronicles, Psalms, Job, Proverbs, Ruth, Song of Songs, Ecclesiastes, Lamentations, Esther, Daniel, EzraβNehemiah. The Aleppo codex is largely intact until the word Χ¦ΧΧΧ ("Zion") in Song of Songs 3:11. It is missing the rest of Song of Songs, as well as the final books of ''Ketuvim'' in their entirety: Ecclesiastes, Lamentations, Esther, Daniel and EzraβNehemiah. It is also missing two folios which included about 10 psalms (15:1β25:1). ''Parashot'' listed here from its missing parts are according to the notes taken by Joshua Kimhi, who recorded the ''parashot'' of the Aleppo codex for Rabbi Shalom Shachna Yellin in the nineteenth century. These are indicated by an asterisk. For some of the books that are largely or completely missing, charts have been provided below to allow for easy comparison of the parallel data found in the masoretic manuscripts. '''Key to symbols for variants:''' * A = [[Aleppo Codex]]. * A* = [[Aleppo Codex]] (''parashot'' in the lost parts based on Kimhi's notes). * L = [[Leningrad Codex]]. * Y = Cambridge University Library Add. Ms. 1753 (Yemenite). Yeivin regards this manuscript of ''Ketuvim'' as "a second or third hand copy" of a Tiberian manuscript "no less accurate and reliable than the Aleppo Codex."<ref>See ''BHQ'', General Introduction, pp. xxiii-xxiv. This was one of the four main codices consulted by Breuer for his ''Horev'' edition and the ''Jerusalem Crown''. See n. 6 to Breuer's explanatory essay at the end of ''Jerusalem Crown''. It was also collated for ''BHQ'', where it is referred to as M<sup>Y</sup>. With regard to the ''parashot'' it is very close to the Aleppo Codex, as shown in Yeivin, Division, and also borne out in this article's lists.</ref> * S1 = Sassoon 1053 (10th century). Yeivin judges this manuscript to be carelessly prepared by comparison with other accurate Tiberian codices.<ref>''BHQ'', ibid. pp. xxiv-xxv. This was also one of the four main codices consulted by Breuer for his ''Horev'' edition and the ''Jerusalem Crown'' and was also collated for ''BHQ'', where it is referred to as M<sup>S1</sup>.</ref> * L34 = EBP. II B 34 of the Russian National Library in St. Petersburg, a carefully prepared manuscript of ''Ketuvim'' but with many gaps.<ref>''BHQ'', ibid. p. xxv.</ref> * F = Finfer, Pesah. ''Masoret HaTorah VehaNevi'im.'' ** Ff = Finfer, "few books" (Χ§Χ¦Χͺ Χ‘Χ€Χ¨ΧΧ). If a "few books" say one thing and a "few books" another, these are indicated by Ff1 & Ff2. ** Fo = Finfer, "other books" (Χ©ΧΧ¨ Χ‘Χ€Χ¨ΧΧ). ** C="Cairo" ** D="Damascus" ** Finfer also sometimes notes a ''tiqqun''. ** {-} Finfer notes that there is no ''parashah'' break at this verse. ** (-) Finfer doesn't list this verse at all. === Psalms === The Aleppo Codex leaves two empty lines between the five Books of Psalms (following psalms 41, 72, 89, 106). Otherwise there is one blank line between each two psalms, the standard way of indicating an open ''parashah'' break {P} in poetic layout. There is no break at all, however, between psalms 114β115, which were apparently considered a single psalm by the scribes. Psalm 119, which has sets of eight verses for each letter of the Hebrew alphabet, has an open ''parashah'' break (a blank line) between each set of eight verses. The titles of individual Psalms have formal rules. Symbols for representing these rules are as follows, based on examples: * 1 {-} = The psalm contains no format title, such as Psalm 1. The entire psalm is written in regular poetic layout. * 3:1a {S/T} = There is a '''closed''' ''parashah'' within the '''title verse''' of a psalm. E.g. the title of psalm 3 is more than minimal, an entire verse containing more than one [[hemistich]]. There is a '''closed''' ''parashah'' division after the first hemistich. In masoretic manuscripts, this gap in the middle of the first title verse often closely resembles the poetic layout of the body of the psalm following the title verse. * 4:1 {P} = The '''first full verse''' of a psalm is a '''title''' followed by an open ''parashah'' break, such as in Psalm 4. The text of the body of the psalm starts at the beginning of the next line. * 11:1a {P} = The '''beginning of the first verse''' of a psalm is a '''title''' followed by an open ''parashah'' break in the middle of that verse, such as in Psalm 11. The text of the body of the psalm starts at the beginning of the next line. Besides formal titles, this form is also found after the word "halleluyah" at the beginning of a number of psalms (e.g. Psalm 106). * 15:1a {S} = There is a closed ''parashah'' division following a title at the beginning of the first verse of the psalm, such as in Psalm 15. This is also found twice for a '''full-verse title''' in Psalms 70:1 {S} and 108:1 {S}. * 26 {-/T} The beginning of the first verse of a psalm is a title, but there is no ''parashah'' division, such as in Psalm 26. '''Book One (Psalms 1-41):''' * 1 {-} '''Β·''' 2 {-} '''Β·''' 3:1a {S/T} '''Β·''' 4:1 {P} '''Β·''' 5:1a {S/T} '''Β·''' 6:1a {S/T} '''Β·''' 7:1a {S/T} '''Β·''' 8:1a {S/T} '''Β·''' 9:1a {S/T} '''Β·''' 10:1 {-} '''Β·''' 11:1a {P} '''Β·''' 12:1 {S/T} '''Β·''' 13:1 {P} '''Β·''' 14:1a {P} '''Β·''' 15:1a {S*} '''Β·''' 16:1a {P*} '''Β·''' 17:1a {P*} '''Β·''' 18:1a {P*} '''Β·''' 19:1 {P*} '''Β·''' 20:1 {P*} '''Β·''' 21:1 {P*} '''Β·''' 22:1a {S/T*} '''Β·''' 23:1a {S*} '''Β·''' 24:1a {P*} '''Β·''' 25:1a {S*} '''Β·''' 26 {-/T} '''Β·''' 27:1a {S} '''Β·''' 28 {-/T} '''Β·''' 29:1a {S} '''Β·''' 30:1 {P} '''Β·''' 31:1 {P} '''Β·''' 32:1a {S} '''Β·''' 33 {-} '''Β·''' 34:1a {S/T} '''Β·''' 35:1a {S} '''Β·''' 36:1 {P} '''Β·''' 37 {-/T} '''Β·''' 38:1 {P} 39:1 {P} '''Β·''' 40:1 {P} '''Β·''' 41:1 {P} '''Book Two (Psalms 42-72):''' * 42:1 {P} '''Β·''' 43 {-} '''Β·''' 44:1 {P} 45:1a {S/T} '''Β·''' 46:1a {S/T} '''Β·''' 47:1 {P} '''Β·''' 48:1 {P} '''Β·''' 49:1 {P} '''Β·''' 50:1a {P} '''Β·''' 51:1 {P} '''Β·''' 52:1 {P} '''Β·''' 53:1 {P} '''Β·''' 54:1 {P} '''Β·''' 55:1 {P} '''Β·''' 56:1a {S/T} '''Β·''' 57:1a {S/T} '''Β·''' 58:1 {P} '''Β·''' 59:1a {S/T} '''Β·''' 60:1a {S/T} '''Β·''' 61:1 {P} '''Β·''' 62:1a {S/T} '''Β·''' 63:1a {S/T} '''Β·''' 64:1 {P} '''Β·''' 65:1 {P} '''Β·''' 66:1a {S/T} '''Β·''' 67:1 {P} '''Β·''' 68:1 {P} '''Β·''' 69:1 {P} '''Β·''' 70:1 {S} '''Β·''' 71 {-} '''Β·''' 72:1a {S} '''Book Three (Psalms 73-89):''' * 73:1a {S} '''Β·''' 74:1a {S} '''Β·''' 75:1 {P} '''Β·''' 76:1 {P} '''Β·''' 77:1 {P} '''Β·''' 78:1a {P} '''Β·''' 79:1a {P} '''Β·''' 80:1a {S/T} '''Β·''' 81:1 {P} '''Β·''' 82:1a {P} '''Β·''' 83:1 {P} '''Β·''' 84:1 {P} '''Β·''' 85:1 {P} '''Β·''' 86:1a {P} '''Β·''' 87:1a {S/T} '''Β·''' 88:1a {P} 88:1b {S/T} '''Β·''' 89:1 {P} '''Book Four (Psalms 90-106):''' * 90:1a {P} '''Β·''' 91 {-} '''Β·''' 92:1 {P} '''Β·''' 93 {-} '''Β·''' 94 {-} '''Β·''' 95 {-} '''Β·''' 96 {-} '''Β·''' 97 {-} '''Β·''' 98 {-/T} '''Β·''' 99:1a {S} (not a title) '''Β·''' 100:1a {S} '''Β·''' 101:1a {S} '''Β·''' 102 {-/T} (first verse is title) '''Β·''' 103 {-/T} '''Β·''' 104 {-} '''Β·''' 105 {-} '''Β·''' 106:1a {P} '''Book Five (Psalms 107-150):''' * 107 {-} '''Β·''' 108:1 {S} '''Β·''' 109:1a {P} '''Β·''' 110:1a {P} [...] '''Β·''' 111:1a {P} '''Β·''' 112:1a {P} '''Β·''' 113:1a {P} '''Β·''' 114-115 {-} '''Β·''' 116 {-} '''Β·''' 117 {-} '''Β·''' 118 {-} '''Β·''' 119:1-8 {P} 119:9-16 {P} 119:17-24 {P} 119:25-32 {P} 119:33-40 {P} 119:41-48 {P} 119:49-56 {P} 119:57-64 {P} 119:65-72 {P} 119:73-80 {P} 119:81-88 {P} 119:89-96 {P} 119:97-104 {P} 119:105-112 {P} 119:113-120 {P} 119:121-128 {P} 119:129-136 {P} 119:137-144 {P} 119:145-152 {P} 119:153-160 {P} 119:161-168 {P} 119:169-176 '''Β·''' 120:1a {P} '''Β·''' 121:1a {P} '''Β·''' 122:1a {P} '''Β·''' 123:1a {P} '''Β·''' 124:1a {P} '''Β·''' 125:1a {P} '''Β·''' 126:1a {P} '''Β·''' 127:1a {P} '''Β·''' 128:1a {P} '''Β·''' 129:1a {P} '''Β·''' 130:1a {P} '''Β·''' 131:1a {P} '''Β·''' 132:1a {P} '''Β·''' 133:1a {P} '''Β·''' 134:1a {P} '''Β·''' 135:1a {P} '''Β·''' 136 {-} '''Β·''' 137 {-} '''Β·''' 138 {-/T} 139:1a {P} '''Β·''' 140:1 {P} '''Β·''' 141:1a {P} '''Β·''' 142:1a {P} '''Β·''' 143:1a {P} '''Β·''' 144 {-/T} 145:1a {P} '''Β·''' 146:1a {P} '''Β·''' 147:1a {P} '''Β·''' 148:1a {P} '''Β·''' 149:1a {P} '''Β·''' 150:1a {P} === Proverbs === * 1:1β7 {P} 1:8β19 {P} 1:20β33 {P} 2:1β22 {P} 3:1β10 {P} 3:11β18 {P} 3:19β35 {P} 4:1β19 {P} 4:20β27 {P} 5:1β6 {P} 5:7β23 {P} 6:1β5 {P} 6:6β11 {P} 6:12β15 {P} 6:16β19 {P} 6:20β26 {P} 6:27β35 {P} 7:1β27 {P} 8:1β31 {P} 8:32β36; 9:1β18 * Centered title: "The Proverbs of Solomon" '''10:1a''' (10:1bβ19:9). There are no ''parashah'' divisions following the centered title until 19:10, an unusually large amount of unbroken text (278 verses). * {P} 19:10β29; 20:1β30; 21:1β30 {P} 21:31; 22:1β29 {P} 23:1β5 {P} 23:6β35; 24:1β14 {P} 24:15β18 {P} 24:19β22 {P} 24:23β27 {P} 24:28β29 {P} 24:30β34 * {P} ΧΧ ΧΧΧ ΧΧ©ΧΧ Χ©ΧΧΧ ΧΧ©Χ¨ ΧΧ’ΧͺΧΧ§Χ ΧΧ Χ©Χ ΧΧΧ§ΧΧ ΧΧΧ ΧΧΧΧΧ 25:1-13{P} 25:14β20 {P} 25:21β28; 26; 1β21 {P} 26:22β25; 27:1β22 {P} 27:23β27; 28:1β4 {P} 28:5β10 {P} 28:11β16 {P} 28:17β28; 29:1β17 {P} 29:18β27 {P} 30:1β6 ΧΧΧ¨Χ ΧΧΧΧ¨ ΧΧ ΧΧ§Χ ΧΧΧ©Χ {P} 30:7β9 {P} 30:10β14 {P} 30:15β17 {P} 30:18β20 {P} 30:21β23 {P} 30:24β28 {P} 30:29β33 {P} 31:1β7 ΧΧΧ¨Χ ΧΧΧΧΧ ΧΧΧ ΧΧ©Χ ΧΧ©Χ¨ ΧΧ‘Χ¨ΧͺΧ ΧΧΧ {P} 31:8β9 {P} 31:10β31 ΧΧ©Χͺ ΧΧΧ. === Job === <u>'''I. Narrative Opening (1:1β3:1):'''</u> * Common layout and regular [[Hebrew cantillation|cantillation]]: 1:1β5 {P} 1:6β22 {P} 2:1β10 {P} 2:11β13; 3:1. <u>'''II. Poetic Disputations:'''</u> The disputations, which constitute the bulk of the book of Job, employ the special poetic layout in common with Psalms and Proverbs, along its associated poetic [[Hebrew cantillation|cantillation]]. In Tiberian masoretic codices, the formal title of each individual speech appears in the center of its line, while the body of the reply appears in poetic form (as in Psalms and Proverbs). The break between the title and the body is considered an open ''parashah'', and the verse numbers for these titles appear in bold in the list. Blank lines as open ''parashot'' are also used occasionally, and these are noted as {P}. * '''Main Disputation (3:2β32:1):''' ** Centered titles: '''3:2''' (Job 3:3β26) ***First cycle: '''4:1''' (Eliphaz 4:2β21;5:1β27), '''6:1''' (Job 6:2β30; 7:1β21), '''8:1''' (Bildad 8:2β22), '''9:1''' (Job 9:2β35; 10:1β22), '''11:1''' (Zophar 11:2β20), '''12:1''' (Job 12:2β25; 13:1β28; 14:1β22) *** Second cycle: '''15:1''' (Eliphaz 15:2β35), '''16:1''' (Job 16:2β22; 17:1β16), '''18:1''' (Bildad 18:2β21), '''19:1''' (Job 19:2β29), '''20:1''' (Zophar 20:2β29), '''21:1''' (Job 21:2β34), '''22:1''' (Eliphaz 22:2β30), '''23:1''' (Job 23:2β17; 24:1β25), '''25:1''' (Bildad 25:2β6), '''26:1''' (Job I 26:2β14), '''27:1''' (Job II 27:2β23; 28:1β28), '''29:1''' (Job III 29:2β25; 30:1β31; 31:1β40). ** Conclusion of the main disputation: {P} 32:1. * '''Elihu (32:2β37:24):''' ** Introduction: {P} 32:2β5 ** Speech: {P} 32:6β22; 33:1β33 (Elihu I). Centered titles: '''34:1''' (Elihu II 34:2β37), '''35:1''' (Elihu III 35:2β16), '''36:1''' (Elihu IV 36:2β33; 37:1β24). * '''God and Job (38:1β42:6):''' ** God: {P} 38:1β41; 39:1β18 {P} 39:19β30. ** God and Job (centered titles): '''40:1''' (God 40:2), '''40:3''' (Job 40:4β5). ** God: {P} 40:6β32; 41:1β26 {P}. ** Job (centered title): '''42:1''' (Job 42:2β6). <u>'''III. Narrative Conclusion (42:7β17):'''</u> * Common layout and regular [[Hebrew cantillation|cantillation]]: {P} 42:7 {S} 42:8β17. === Song of Songs === The Aleppo codex is extant until the word Χ¦ΧΧΧ ("Zion") in Song of Songs 3:11. Bibles that show ''parashot'' in the Song of Songs based upon the Aleppo Codex (with reconstruction of its missing parts based on Kimhi's notes) include two editions following the Breuer method (''Horev'' and ''The Jerusalem Crown''). The flow of text in such bibles is as follows: * 1:1β4 {P} 1:5β8 {P} 1:9β14 {S} 1:15β17; 2:1β7 {S} 2:8β13 {S} 2:14 {S} 2:15β17 {S} 3:1β5 {S} 3:6β8 {S} 3:9β11 {S*} 4:1β7 {S*} 4:8β16;5:1 {S*} 5:2β16; 6:1β3 {S*} 6:4β9 {S*} 6:10 {S*} 6:11β12; 7:1β11 {S*} 7:12β14;8:1β4 {S*} 8:5β7 {S*} 8:8β10 {P*} 8:11β14 The Tiberian masoretic codices are nearly identical in the parts at which they show ''parashah'' breaks in the text. However, while A and L have {S} almost exclusively, Y (which is usually very close to A) shows {P} for the large majority of ''parashot'',<ref name="BHQ Canticles" /> as shown in the chart below: <div align="center"> {| class="wikitable" ! Words !! Verse no. !!colspan=3| Tiberian tradition !!colspan=2| Other traditions |- align=center |colspan=2| || A/A* || L || Y<ref name="BHQ Canticles">''BHQ Megilloth'', pp. 8-9*.</ref> || Finfer<ref>P. 145. Besides the verses listed below, Finfer records that there are no ''parashah'' breaks in the manuscripts he consulted at 2:1, 6:1, 7:1, 8:1.</ref> |- align=center | Χ©ΧΧΧ¨Χ ΧΧ Χ || 1:5 || {P} || {S} || {P} || {S} |- align=center | ΧΧ‘Χ‘ΧͺΧ || 1:9 || {P} || {S} || {S} || {S} Ff={P} |- align=center | ΧΧ Χ ΧΧ€Χ... Χ’ΧΧ ΧΧ ΧΧΧ ΧΧ || 1:15 || {S} || {S} || {S} || {S} |- align=center | Χ§ΧΧ ΧΧΧΧ || 2:8 || {S} || {S} || {S} || {S} |- align=center | ΧΧΧ ΧͺΧ || 2:14 || {S} || {S} || {P} || {S} |- align=center | ΧΧΧΧ ΧΧ Χ || 2:15 || {S} || {S} || {P} || {S} |- align=center | Χ’Χ ΧΧ©ΧΧΧ || 3:1 || {S} || {S} || {P} || {S} |- align=center | ΧΧ ΧΧΧͺ Χ’ΧΧ... ΧΧͺΧΧΧ¨ΧΧͺ || 3:6 || {S} || {S} || {P} || {S} |- align=center | ΧΧ€Χ¨ΧΧΧ || 3:9 || {S} || {S} || {P} || {S} |- align=center | ΧΧ Χ ΧΧ€Χ... ΧΧΧ’Χ ΧΧ¦ΧΧͺΧ || 4:1 || {S*} || {S} || {P} || {S} |- align=center | ΧΧͺΧ ΧΧΧΧ ΧΧ || 4:8 || {S*} || {S} || {P} || {S} |- align=center | ΧΧ Χ Χ’ΧΧ || 4:12 || {-*}<ref>Kimhi made no notation here, and no ''parashah'' break appears in the Breuer editions as in Y but as opposed to L.</ref> || {S} || {-} || {S} |- align=center | ΧΧ Χ ΧΧ©Χ Χ || 5:2 || {S*} || {S} || {P} || {S} Ff={P} |- align=center | ΧΧ€Χ ΧΧͺ Χ¨Χ’ΧΧͺΧ ΧΧͺΧ¨Χ¦Χ || 6:4 || {-*}<ref name="Kimhi not listed">Not listed in Ofer, Yellin, pp. 322-328, but appears thus in ''Horev'' and ''Jerusalem Crown'' editions as stated in the editorial essays as the back of these volumes: "In a few places where Kimhi did not note anything but a ''parashah'' appears in other accurate codices, I have added a ''parashah'' based on the Leningrad Codex. These include..." (Breuer, Horev, p. 14). These additions assume that Kimhi failed to note a ''parashah'' accidentally.</ref> || {S} || {P} || {P} |- align=center | ΧΧ ΧΧΧͺ ΧΧ Χ©Χ§Χ€Χ || 6:10 || {S*} || {S} || {S} || {S} Ff={P} |- align=center | ΧΧ ΧΧ Χͺ ΧΧΧΧ || 6:11 || {S*} || {S} || {P} || (-) |- align=center | ΧΧΧ ΧΧΧΧ Χ Χ¦Χ || 7:12 || {S*} || {S} || {P} || {-} Fo={S} |- align=center | ΧΧ ΧΧΧͺ Χ’ΧΧ... ΧΧͺΧ¨Χ€Χ§Χͺ || 8:5 || {-*}<ref name="Kimhi not listed" /> || {S} || {P} || {S} |- align=center | ΧΧΧΧͺ ΧΧ Χ Χ§ΧΧ Χ || 8:8 || {S*} || {S} || {P} || {S} |- align=center | ΧΧ¨Χ ΧΧΧ ΧΧ©ΧΧΧ || 8:11 || {-*}<ref name="Kimhi not listed" /> || {P} || {P} || {-}<br />Ff={S} Fo={P} |} </div> === Ruth === In the Tiberian masoretic codices, the only ''parashah'' found in Ruth is for the short chronology at the end of the book: * {P} 4:18β22 ΧΧΧΧ ΧͺΧΧΧΧΧͺ Χ€Χ¨Χ₯ '''Variant:''' * While A, Y, L, and Ff1 all have {P} at 4:18, other traditions noted by Finfer differ: F={-}, Ff2={S}.<ref>''BHQ Megilloth'', p. 6*; Finfer p. 145. Besides this verse, Finfer records that there are no ''parashah'' breaks in the manuscripts he consulted at 1:19. 2:1, 3:1, 3:8, 4:1.</ref> === Lamentations === The Aleppo codex lacks Lamentations in its entirety. ''Parashot'' listed here are based upon Kimhi's notes on the codex.<ref>Ofer, Yellin, p. 323.</ref> * First lamentation (1:1β22): {S} between each of the 22 verses and {P} following the last one.<ref name="Kimhi Lamentations missing">Kimhi omits notation of individual verses in Lamentations at the following points: 1:2, 1:5, 1:14, 4:4, 4:5, 4:6, 4:7, 4:14 (Ofer, Yellin, p. 323). The Breuer edition supplies these ''parashot'', apparently missing based upon an oversight by Kimhi (see Breuer, Horev, p. 14).</ref> * Second lamentation (2:1β22): {S} between each of the 22 verses and {P} following the last one. * Third lamentation (3:1β66): {S} between each of 66 verses and {P} following the last one. * Fourth lamentation (4:1β22): {S} between each of the 22 verses and {P} following the last one.<ref name="Kimhi Lamentations missing" /> * Fifth lamentation (5:1β22): 5:1β18 {P} 5:19β22 '''Variants:''' * In the third lamentation, the Leningrad Codex has {S} between each set of three verses beginning with the same letter. === Ecclesiastes === The Aleppo codex lacks Ecclesiastes in its entirety. ''Parashot'' listed here are based upon Kimhi's notes on the codex.<ref>Ofer, Yellin, p. 322.</ref> * 1:1β11 {P*} 1:12β18; 2:1β26; 3:1 * {S*} '''[[#Song of the Seasons|Song of the Seasons {SONG*} 3:2β8 {SONG*}]]''' * {S*} 3:9<ref name="Kimhi not listed" /> There are no further ''parashah'' divisions at all in the rest of the book (3:9-12:14) according to Kimhi's notes on the Aleppo Codex, an unusually large amount of unbroken text (170 verses) that is confirmed by Y. The Leningrad codex has a solitary ''parashah'' break: {S} at 9:11. The following chart compares the meager ''parashah'' breaks for Ecclesiastes as found in manuscripts: <div align="center"> {| class="wikitable" ! Words !! Verse no. !!colspan=4| Tiberian tradition !!colspan=4| Other traditions |- align=center |colspan=2| || A*<ref>In addition to the verses listed below, Kimhi specifically noted that the Aleppo Codex lacks ''parashah'' breaks at the following points: 2:1, 5:1.</ref> || Y<ref name="BHQ Ecclesiastes">''BHQ Megilloth'', p. 14*.</ref> || L || L34<ref name="BHQ Ecclesiastes" /> || Finfer<ref>P. 145. Besides the verses listed below, Finfer records that there are no ''parashah'' breaks in the manuscripts he consulted at 2:1, 4:1, 5:1, 6:1, 7:1, 8:1, 9:1, 10:1. 11:1, 12:1. "A few manuscripts" have {S} at 1:11,12; 3:1,2; 9:7. "Other manuscripts" have {S} at 3:9, 7:1, 11:9.</ref> |- align=center | ΧΧΧ ΧΧΧ¨ΧΧ ΧΧ¨ΧΧ©ΧΧ ΧΧ || 1:11 || {-*} || {-} || {-} || {-} || {-} Ff={S} |- align=center | ΧΧ Χ Χ§ΧΧΧͺ ΧΧΧΧͺΧ ΧΧΧ || 1:12 || {P*} || {S} || {P} || {S} || {-} Ff={S} |- align=center | ΧΧΧ ΧΧΧ ΧΧ’Χͺ ΧΧΧ ΧΧ€Χ₯ || 3:1 || {-*} || {-} || {-} || {-} || {-} Ff={S} |- align=center | Χ’Χͺ ΧΧΧΧͺ || 3:2 || {S*} || {S} || {S} || {P} || {-} Ff={S} |- align=center | Χ’Χͺ ΧΧΧΧͺ... ΧΧ’Χͺ Χ©ΧΧΧ || 3:2-8 ||colspan=6| {S/P} '''[[#Song of the Seasons|Song of the Seasons {SONG}]]''' {S} |- align=center | Χ©ΧΧ¨ Χ¨ΧΧΧ || 4:17 || {-*} || {-} || {-} || {S} || {-} |- align=center | ΧΧΧ Χ©Χ ΧΧ©ΧΧ ΧΧΧ || 7:1 || {-*} || {-} || {-} || {-} || {-} Fo={S}<ref name="Ecc seder">This verse also begins one of the four ''sedarim'' in Ecclesiastes: 1:1, 3:3, 7:1, 9:7 (''BHQ Megilloth'', p. 14*).</ref> |- align=center | ΧΧ ΧΧΧ ΧΧ©ΧΧΧ ΧΧΧΧ || 9:7 || {-*} || {-} || {-} || {-} || {-} Ff={S}<ref name="Ecc seder" /> |- align=center | Χ©ΧΧͺΧ ΧΧ¨ΧΧ ΧͺΧΧͺ ΧΧ©ΧΧ© || 9:11 || {-*} || {-} || {S} || {S} || {-} |- align=center | Χ©ΧΧ ΧΧΧΧ¨ ΧΧΧΧΧΧͺΧΧ || 11:9 || {-*} || {-} || {-} || {S} || {-} Fo={S} |} </div> === Esther === The book of Esther is traditionally read by Jews on the holiday of [[Purim]] from a handwritten scroll on parchment that must be [[#Validity of scrolls|halakhically valid]]. This means that the rules of open and closed ''parashot'' are of more practical relevance for Esther than for any other book in [[Nevi'im]] or [[Ketuvim]]. Despite thisβor perhaps because of the large numbers of scrolls of Esther that have been written, and the special attention that has therefore been paid to the problem by rabbis and scribesβmanuscripts of Esther and opinions about how they should be written betray a relatively large number of discrepancies regarding the ''parashah'' divisions. In the nineteenth century, Rabbi [[Shlomo Ganzfried]] published a manual for scribes called ''Keset HaSofer'', in which he follows the rule that all ''parashot'' in Esther are closed {S} (''Keset HaSofer'' 28:5).<ref>These closed portions are noted with the word Χ‘ΧͺΧΧΧ at each relevant verse in Ganzfried's notes on Esther towards the end of the book (beginning on page 133a). A digital image of the text may be found [[:COMMONS:File:Keset-Hasofer-1871-HB8308.pdf|here]]. The rule is codified in ''[[Shulhan Arukh]] [[Orah Hayyim]]'' 691:2 (Rema), and its source is ''Hagahot Maimoniyot'' on Maimonides' ''Laws of Megillah'' chapter 2.</ref> This is currently the dominant tradition for [[Ashkenazi Jews|Ashkenazic]] and [[Sephardi Jews|Sephardic]] ''megillot'' (scrolls of [[Book of Esther|Esther]]) today. But the Tiberian masoretic codices contain both open and closed portions. Also, Yemenite scribes did not entirely adopt the tradition of closed portions, leaving the divisions in many scrolls of Esther similar to what is found in the masoretic codices. Ganzfried ruled that a scroll of Esther with open portions is invalid, but added that "some authorities validate it" (''Keset HaSofer'' 28:5).<ref>The text may be found on page 87 of the [[:COMMONS:File:Keset-Hasofer-1871-HB8308.pdf|digital file]] (40a in the page numbering).</ref> When discussing these authorities in his additional notes,<ref>''Lishkat HaSofer'', note 5 (40a). Ganzfried cites ''Magen Avraham'' as allowing such a scroll to be used in difficult circumstances, while ''Peri Megadim'' is unsure whether a blessing should be recited over it.</ref> Ganzfried cites a list open ''parashot'' found in the book ''Orhot Hayyim'', and concludes: "And even though our custom is that all of these are closed, it nevertheless seems that if some or all of these are open one may read from the scroll with a blessing." These have been listed in the chart below under at "OH" under ''Keset HaSofer'', and they are very similar to what is found in the Tiberian masoretic codices.<ref>Another medieval list of open and closed sections in Esther is found in [[Isaac ben Moses of Vienna]]'s ''Or Zarua'' (Part II, Laws of ''Megillah'' 373), citing his teacher [[Eliezer ben Joel HaLevi]] (Ra'avyah). [[:s:he:Χ’Χ¨ΧΧ ΧΧ©ΧΧΧΧ ΧΧΧ¨Χ ΧΧΧΧ ΧͺΧ¨Χ¦Χ|''Arukh Hashulchan Orah Hayyim'' 691:6]] notes an internal contradiction in ''Or Zarua'' and concludes that a scroll of Esther written with open sections may still be used; but see [[Israel Isserlin]], ''Terumat HaDeshen'', Rulings and Essays 23.</ref> <div align="center"> {| class="wikitable" ! Words !! Verse no. !!colspan=4| Tiberian tradition !!colspan=2| Other traditions |- align=center |colspan=2| || A* || Y<ref name="BHQ Esther">''BHQ Megilloth'' p. 21*. An empty cell in the table under L34 indicates a gap in that manuscript.</ref> || L || L34<ref name="BHQ Esther" /> || Finfer || ''Keset HaSofer'' |- align=center | ΧΧ ΧΧ©ΧͺΧ ΧΧΧΧΧ || 1:9 || {-} || {-} || {-} || || {S} DC={P} || {S} |- align=center | ΧΧΧΧ ΧΧ©ΧΧΧ’Χ || 1:10 || {S} || {S} || {S} || || (-) || {-} |- align=center | ΧΧΧΧΧ¨ ΧΧΧΧ ΧΧΧΧΧΧ || 1:13 || {-} || {S} || {-} || || (-) ||{S} |- align=center | ΧΧΧΧΧ¨ ΧΧΧΧΧ || 1:16 || {P} || {P} || {S} || || {S} DC={P} ||{S} OH={P} |- align=center | ΧΧΧ¨ ΧΧΧΧ¨ΧΧ ΧΧΧΧ ΧΧ©ΧΧ || 2:1 || {P} || {P} || {P} || {P} || {S} C={P} || {S} OH={P} |- align=center | ΧΧΧ© ΧΧΧΧΧ || 2:5 || {P} || {P} || {S} || {P} || {S} C={P} || {S} OH={P} |- align=center | ΧΧΧΧ ΧΧΧ ΧΧΧΧ || 2:11 || {S}<ref name="Esther 2:11">Kimhi simply noted "Χ‘" at 2:11 (ΧΧΧΧ ΧΧΧ). No other textual tradition, Tiberian or otherwise, has a ''parashah'' at this point in the text, nor does the narrative indicate that one would be appropriate. Editions based on the Breuer method or close to it (''Horev'', ''The Jerusalem Crown'', and ''Mikra'ot Gedolot ha-Keter'') nonetheless show {S} here.</ref> || {-} || {-} || {-} || (-) || {-} |- align=center | ΧΧΧΧΧ ΧΧΧ ΧΧΧ¨ΧΧΧ ΧΧΧ©Χ ΧΧ©Χ’Χ¨ ΧΧΧ || 2:21 || {S} || {S} || {S} || {S} || {S} C={P} || {S} |- align=center | ΧΧΧ¨ ΧΧΧΧ¨ΧΧ ΧΧΧΧ ΧΧΧ || 3:1 || {P} || {P} || {P} || {P} || {S} C={P} || {S} OH={P} |- align=center | ΧΧΧΧΧ¨ ΧΧΧ ΧΧΧΧ || 3:8 || {S} || {S} || {S} || {S} || {S} C={P} || {S} |- align=center | ΧΧΧ¨ΧΧΧ ΧΧΧ’ || 4:1 || {S} || {S} || {P} || {P} || {S} C={P} || {S} OH={P} |- align=center | ΧΧΧΧΧ¨ ΧΧ¨ΧΧΧ ΧΧΧ©ΧΧ || 4:13 || {P} || {P} || {P} || {P} || (-) || {-} |- align=center | ΧΧΧΧ ΧΧΧΧ ΧΧ©ΧΧΧ©Χ ΧΧͺΧΧΧ© || 5:1 || {S} || {S} || {S} || {S} || (-) || {-} |- align=center | ΧΧΧΧΧ¨ ΧΧ ΧΧΧΧ ΧΧ ΧΧ || 5:3 || {S} || {-} || {S} || {S} || (-) || {-} |- align=center | ΧΧΧΧΧ ΧΧΧΧ Χ ΧΧΧ || 6:1 || {S} || {S} || {P} || {P} || {S} C={P} || {S} |- align=center | ΧΧΧΧΧ¨ ΧΧΧΧ ΧΧΧ©ΧΧ¨ΧΧ© ΧΧΧΧΧ¨ ΧΧΧ‘ΧͺΧ¨ ΧΧΧΧΧ || 7:5 || {S} || {S} || {S} || {S} || {S} C={P} || {S} |- align=center | ΧΧΧΧΧ¨ ΧΧ¨ΧΧΧ Χ || 7:9 || {S} || {S} || {S} || {S} || (-) || {-} |- align=center | ΧΧΧΧ ΧΧΧΧ Χ ΧͺΧ ΧΧΧΧ ΧΧΧ©ΧΧ¨ΧΧ© || 8:1 || {P} || {P} || {P} || {P} || {S} C={P} || {S} OH={P} |- align=center | ΧΧͺΧΧ‘Χ£ ΧΧ‘ΧͺΧ¨ ΧΧͺΧΧΧ¨ || 8:3 || {S} || {S} || {P} || {P} || {S} C={P} || {S} |- align=center | ΧΧΧΧΧ¨ ΧΧΧΧ ΧΧΧ©ΧΧ¨ΧΧ© ΧΧΧ‘ΧͺΧ¨ ΧΧΧΧΧ ΧΧΧΧ¨ΧΧΧ || 8:7 || {S} || {S} || {S} || {S} || {S} C={P} || {S} |- align=center | ΧΧΧ¨ΧΧΧ ΧΧ¦Χ ΧΧΧ€Χ Χ ΧΧΧΧ || 8:15 || {S} || {S} || {P} || || {S} C={P} || {S} |- align=center | ΧΧΧΧ ΧΧΧΧΧΧΧ ΧΧΧ ΧΧΧΧΧΧ || 9:5 || {-} || {-} || {P} || || (-) || {-} |- align=center | ΧΧΧͺ Χ€Χ¨Χ©Χ ΧΧͺΧ... ΧΧΧͺ ΧΧΧΧͺΧ || 9:7-9 ||colspan=6| {S} '''[[#Haman's Sons|Haman's Sons {SONG}]]''' {S} |- align=center | ΧΧΧΧΧ¨ ΧΧΧΧ ΧΧΧ‘ΧͺΧ¨ ΧΧΧΧΧ ΧΧ©ΧΧ©Χ ΧΧΧΧ¨Χ || 9:12 || {-} || {-} || {S}<ref>Mistakenly listed as both {P} and {S} in the notes at the back of the Dotan edition.</ref> || || (-) || {-} |- align=center | ΧΧΧΧͺΧ ΧΧ¨ΧΧΧ ΧΧͺ ΧΧΧΧ¨ΧΧ ΧΧΧΧ || 9:20 || {S} || {S} || {P} || {P} || (-) || {-} |- align=center | ΧΧͺΧΧͺΧ ΧΧ‘ΧͺΧ¨ ΧΧΧΧΧ || 9:29 || {S} || {S} || {S} || {S} || {-}<br />Fo1={P}<br />Fo2+tiqqun={S} || {S} |- align=center | ΧΧΧ©Χ ΧΧΧΧ ΧΧΧ©ΧΧ¨ΧΧ© ΧΧ‘ || 10:1 || {S} || {S} || {P} || {P} || {S} C={P} || {S} |} </div> Most printed Jewish bibles, even those based on manuscripts, show the flow of text in Esther according to the widespread tradition based on ''Keset HaSofer'' (only closed ''parashot''). Such editions include the ''Koren'' edition (Jerusalem, 1962), Breuer's first edition (Jerusalem, 1982) and Dotan's editions (which are otherwise based upon the Leningrad Codex). The flow of text in such bibles is as follows: * 1:1β8 {S} 1:9β12 {S} 1:13β15 {S} 1:16β22 {S} 2:1β4 {S} 2:5β20 {S} 2:21β23 {S} 3:1β7 {S} 3:8β15 {S} 4:1β17; 5:1β14 {S} 6:1β14;7:1β4 {S} 7:5β8 {S} 7:9β10 {S} 8:1β2 {S} 8:3β6 {S} 8:7β14 {S} 8:15β17; 9:1β6 * {S} [[#Haman's Sons|'''Haman's Sons: {SONG} 9:7β9 {SONG}''']] * {S} 9:10β28 {S} 9:29β32 {S} 10:1β3 Bibles that show the ''parashot'' in Esther based upon a reconstruction of the Aleppo Codex include two editions following the Breuer method (''Horev'' and ''The Jerusalem Crown''). The flow of text in such bibles is as follows: * 1:1β9 {S*} 1:10β15 {P*} 1:16β22 {P*} 2:1β4 {P*} 2:5β10 {S*}<ref name="Esther 2:11" /> 2:11β20 {S*} 2:21β23 {P*} 3:1β7 {S*} 3:8β15 {S*} 4:1β12 {P*} 4:13β17 {S*} 5:1β2 {S*} 5:3β14 {S*} 6:1β14;7:1β4 {S*} 7:5β8 {S*} 7:9β10 {P*} 8:1β2 {S*} 8:3β6 {S*} 8:7β14 {S*} 8:15β17;9:1β6 * {S*} [[#Haman's Sons|'''Haman's Sons: {SONG*} 9:7β9 {SONG*}''']] * {S*} 9:10β19 {S*} 9:20β28 {S*} 9:29β32 {S*} 10:1β3 === Daniel === The Aleppo codex lacks Daniel in its entirety. ''Parashot'' listed here are based upon Kimhi's notes on the codex.<ref>Ofer, Yellin, p. 324-325.</ref> * 1:1β21 {S} 2:1β13 {S} 2:14β16 {S} 2:17β24 {S} 2:25β28 {S} 2:29β30 {S} 2:31β45 {S} 2:46β49 {P} 3:1β18 {P} 3:19β23 {P} 3:24β30 {P} 3:31β33; 4:1β25 {P} 4:26β34 {P} 5:1β7 {S}<ref name="Kimhi not listed" /> 5:8β12 {P} 5:13β16 {P} 5:17β30 {P} 6:1β6 {S}<ref name="Kimhi not listed" /> 6:7β11 {S}<ref name="Kimhi not listed" /> 6:12β14 {P} 6:15 {S} 6:16β29 * {P} 7:1β14 {P} 7:15β28 {P} 8:1β27 {P} 9:1β27 {S} 10:1β3 {P} 10:4β21 {P} 11:1β45; 12:1β3 {P} 12:4β13 === EzraβNehemiah === The Aleppo codex lacks [[EzraβNehemiah]] in its entirety. ''Parashot'' listed here are based upon Kimhi's notes on the codex.<ref>Ofer, Yellin, pp. 325-328.</ref> * <u>(Ezra)</u> 1:1β8 {S} 1:9 {S} 1:10β11 * People of the province who returned to Jerusalem: {P} 2:1β2 {S} 2:3 {S} 2:4 {S} 2:5 {S} 2:6 {S} 2:7 {S} 2:8 {S} 2:9 {S} 2:10 {S} 2:11 {S} 2:12 {S} 2:13 {S} 2:14 {S} 2:15 {S} 2:16 {S} 2:17 {S} 2:18 {S} 2:19 {S} 2:20 {S} 2:21 {S} 2:22 {S} 2:23 {S} 2:24 {S} 2:25 {S} 2:26 {S} 2:27 {S} 2:28 {S} 2:29 {S} 2:30 {S} 2:31 {S} 2:32 {S} 2:33 {S} 2:34 {S} 2:35 {S} 2:36 {S} 2:37 {S} 2:38 {S} 2:39 {S} 2:40 {S} 2:41 {S} 2:42 {S} 2:43 {S} 2:44 {S} 2:45 {S} 2:46 {S} 2:47 {S} 2:48 {S} 2:49 {S} 2:50 {S} 2:51 {S} 2:52 {S} 2:53 {S} 2:54 {S} 2:55 {S} 2:56 {S} 2:57 {S} 2:58 {S} 2:59 {P} 2:60 {S} 2:61 {S} 2:62β66 {S} 2:67 {P} 2:68β69 {S} 2:70 * {S} 3:1a {S} 3:1b {S} 3:2β7 {P} 3:8β9a {S}<ref name="Kimhi not listed" /> 3:9bβ13 ΧΧ Χ ΧΧ ΧΧ {P} 4:1β6 {S} 4:7 {P} 4:8β11 {P} 4:12 {S} 4:13 {S} 4:14β16 {P} 4:17 {P} 4:18β22 {S} 4:23 {S}<ref name="Kimhi not listed" /> 4:24 {P} 5:1 {S} 5:2 {P} 5:3β5 {P} 5:6β7 {S} 5:8β10 {P} 5:11β12 {P} 5:13β15 {P} 5:16β17 {P} 6:1β2 {P} 6:3β4 {S} 6:5 {S} 6:6β12 {P} 6:13β15 {P} 6:16β18 {P} 6:19β22 {P} 7:1β6 {P} 7:7β10 {S} 7:11 {P} 7:12β24 {P} 7:25β26 {P} 7:27β28 * Chiefs of the clans: {P} 8:1 {S} 8:2a {S} 8:2b {S} 8:2c {S} 8:3a ΧΧΧ Χ Χ©ΧΧ ΧΧ {S}<ref name="Kimhi not listed" /> 8:3b ΧΧΧ Χ Χ€Χ¨Χ’Χ© {S} 8:4 {S} 8:5 {S} 8:6 {S} 8:7 {S} 8:8 {S} 8:9 {S} 8:10 {S} 8:11 {S} 8:12 {S} 8:13 {S} 8:14 * {S} 8:15-18a {S} 8:18b-19 ΧΧΧ Χ ΧΧΧΧ {S} 8:20-30 {P} 18:31-34 {P}<ref name="Kimhi not listed" /> 18:35 {P} 18:36 {S} 9:1β9 {S} 9:10β14 {S} 9:15 {P} 10:1 {P} 10:2β3 {P} 10:4 {P} 10:5β8 {P} 10:9 {P} 10:10β11 {S} 10:12β14 {S} 10:15β17 * Priestly families who were found to have foreign women: {P} 10:18β19 {S} 10:20 {S} 10:21 {S} 10:22 {S} 10:23 {S} 10:24 {S} 10:25 {S} 10:26 {S} 10:27 {S} 10:28 {S} 10:29 {S} 10:30 {S} 10:31 {S} 10:32 {S} 10:33 {S} 10:34 {S} 10:35 {S} 10:36 {S} 10:37 {S} 10:38 {S} 10:39 {S} 10:40 {S} 10:41 {S} 10:42 {S} 10:43β44 * {P} <u>(Nehemiah)</u> 1:1β11 {P} 2:1β9 {P} 2:10β18 {P} 2:19β20 * Builders: {P} 3:1 {S} 3:2 {S} 3:3 {S} 3:4b {S} 3:4c {S} 3:4a {S} 3:5 {S} 3:6 {S} 3:7 {S} 3:8a {S} 3:8b {S} 3:9 {S} 3:10 {S} 3:11 {S} 3:12 {S} 3:13β14 {S} 3:15 {S} 3:16 {S} 3:17a {S} 3:17b {S} 3:18 {S} 3:19 {S} 3:20 {S} 3:21 {S} 3:22β23a {S} 3:23b {S} 3:24β25 {S} 3:26 {S} 3:27β28 {S} 3:29a {S} 3:29b {S} 3:30a {S} 3:30b {S} 3:31β32 * {P} 3:33β35 {P} 3:36β38 {P} 4:1β8 {P} 4:9β17 {P} 5:1β8 {P} 5:9β19 6:1β4 {P} 6:5β7 {P} 6:8β13 {P} 6:14β15 {P} 6:16β19 {P} 7:1β5 * People of the province who returned to Jerusalem: {P} 7:6β7 {S} {S} 7:7 {S} 7:8 {S} 7:9 {S} 7:10 {S} 7:11 {S} 7:12 {S} 7:13 {S} 7:14 {S} 7:15 {S} 7:16 {S} 7:17 {S} 7:18 {S} 7:19 {S} 7:20 {S} 7:21 {S} 7:22 {S} 7:23 {S} 7:24 {S} 7:25 {S} 7:26 {S} 7:27 {S} 7:28 {S} 7:29 {S} 7:30 {S} 7:31 {S} 7:32 {S} 7:33 {S} 7:34 {S} 7:35 {S} 7:36 {S} 7:37 {S} 7:38 ''{P}'' 7:39 {S} 7:40 {S} 7:41 {S} 7:42 {S} 7:43 {S} 7:44 {S} 7:45 ''{P}'' 7:46 {S} 7:47 {S} 7:48 {S} 7:49 {S} 7:50 {S} 7:51 {S} 7:52 {S} 7:53 {S} 7:54 {S} 7:55 {S} 7:56 {S} 7:57 {S} 7:58 {S} 7:59a {S} 7:59b ΧΧ Χ Χ€Χ¨ΧΧͺ {P} 7:60 ''{P}'' 7:61 {S} 7:62 {S} 7:63β67 {S} 7:68β69 {S} 7:70β72a {S} 7:72b; 8:1β4 ΧΧΧΧ’ ΧΧΧΧ© ΧΧ©ΧΧΧ’Χ {S} 8:5β8 {P} 8:9β12 {P} 8:13β15 {S} 8:16 {S} 8:17β18 {P} 9:1β3 {P} 9:4β37 {P} 10:1β14 {S} 10:15β34 {S} 10:35β40;11:1β2 {P} 11:3β6 {P} 11:7β9 {P} 11:10β14 {S} 11:15β18 {P} 11:19β21 {P} 11:22β36 {P} 12:1β7 {P} 12:8β22 {P} 12:23β26 {P} 12:27β34 {P} 12:35β47 {P} 13:1β9 {P} 13:10β13 {P} 13:14β18 {P} 13:19β21 {P} 13:22 {P} 13:23β30a {P} 13:30bβ31 ΧΧΧ’ΧΧΧΧ ΧΧ©ΧΧ¨ΧΧͺ. === Chronicles === * '''Chronology until David (1 Chronicles 1β10):''' 1:1β4 {S} 1:5 {S} 1:6 {S} 1:7 {S} 1:8β9 {S} 1:10 {S} 1:11β12 {S} 1:13β16 {S} 1:17 {S} 1:18β23 {S} 1:24β27 {S} 1:28 {S} 1:29β31 {S} 1:32 {S} 1:33 {S} 1:34 {S} 1:35 {S} 1:36 {S} 1:37 {S} 1:38 {S} 1:39 {S} 1:40 {S} 1:41β42 {P} 1:43β51a {P} 1:51bβ54 ΧΧΧΧΧ ΧΧΧΧ€Χ ΧΧΧΧ {P} 2:1β2 {P} 2:3 {S} 2:4 {S} 2:5 {S} 2:6 {S} 2:7 {S} 2:8 {S} 2:9β20 {S} 2:21β22 {S} 2:23β24 {S} 2:25β26 {S} 2:27β32 {S} 2:33β41 {S} 2:42β46 {S} 2:47β49 {S} 2:50β53 {S} 2:54β55 {S} 3:1β4 {S} 3:5β9 {P} 3:10β23 {S} 3:24 {S} 4:1β2 {S} 4:3β10 {S} 4:11β12 {S} 4:13β14 {P} 4:15β18 {S} 4:19β23 {S} 4:24β27 {S} 4:28β33a {S} 4:33bβ43 ΧΧΧͺ ΧΧΧ©ΧΧͺΧ {P} 5:1β2 {S} 5:3β10 {S} 5:11β13 {S} 5:14β17 {P} 5:18β22 {P} 5:23β26 {P} 5:27β28 {S} 5:29a {S} 5:29bβ41 ΧΧΧ Χ ΧΧΧ¨Χ {P} 6:1β3 {S} 6:4β13 {S} 6:14β15 {P} 6:16β23 {S} 6:24β28 {S} 6:29β32 {S} 6:33β34 {P} 6:35β38 {S} 6:39β41 {S} 6:42β44 {S} 6:45 {S} 6:46 {P} 6:47 {S} 6:48 {S} 6:49β50 {S} 6:51β55 {P} 6:56β58 {S} 6:59β60 {S} 6:61 {S} 6:62β66 {S} 7:1 {S} 7:2 {S} 7:3β5 {S} 7:6β13 {P} 7:14β19 {P} 7:20β29 {P} 7:30β40 {S} 8:1β32 {S} 8:33β40 {P} 9:1 {S} 9:2β4 {S} 9:5β9 {S} 9:10β11 {S} 9:12β34 {S} 9:35β38 {S} 9:39 β44 {P} 10:1β4a {S} 10:4bβ5 ΧΧΧ§Χ Χ©ΧΧΧ {S} 10:6β7 {S} 10:8β10 {S} 10:11β14 * '''King David (1 Chronicles 11β29):''' ** {P} 11:1β3 {S} 11:4β9 {P} 11:10 {S} 11:11β21 {S} 11:22β25 ** David's champions (11:26β47): {S} 11:26a {S} 11:26b ΧΧΧΧ Χ {S} 11:27a {S} 11:27b ΧΧΧ₯ {S} 11:28a {S} 11:28b ΧΧΧΧ’ΧΧ¨ {S} 11:29a {S} 11:29b Χ’ΧΧΧ {S} 11:30a {S} 11:30b ΧΧΧ {S} 11:31a {S} 11:31b ΧΧ ΧΧ {S} 11:32a {S} 11:32b ΧΧΧΧΧ {S} 11:33a {S} 11:33b ΧΧΧΧΧΧ {S} 11:34a {S} 11:34b ΧΧΧ ΧͺΧ {S} 11:35a {S} 11:35b ΧΧΧΧ€Χ {S} 11:36 {S} 11:37a {S} 11:37b Χ Χ’Χ¨Χ {S} 11:38a {S} 11:38b ΧΧΧΧ¨ {S} 11:39 {S} 11:40a {S} 11:40b ΧΧ¨Χ {S} 11:41a {S} 11:41b ΧΧΧ {S} 11:42a {S} 11:42b ΧΧ Χ {S} 11:43 {S} 11:44a {S} 11:44b Χ©ΧΧ’ {S} 11:45 {S} 11:46a {S} 11:46bβ47a ΧΧΧͺΧΧ {S} 11:47b ΧΧΧ’Χ©ΧΧΧ. ** {P} 12:1β5 {S} 12:6β14 {S} 12:15β16 {P} 12:17β18 {S} 12:19 {P} 12:20β23 ** David's supporters in Hebron: {P} 12:24 {S} 12:25 {S} 12:26 {S} 12:27 {S} 12:28 {S} 12:29 {S} 12:30 {S} 12:31 {S} 12:32 {S} 12:33 {S} 12:34 {S} 12:35 {S} 12:36 {S} 12:37 {S} 12:38 {S} 12:38β41 ** {P} 13:1β14 {S} 14:1β2 {S} 14:3β7 {P} 14:8β12 {P} 14:13β17;15:1β2 {P} 15:3β4 Levites: {S} 15:5 {S} 15:6 {S} 15:7 {S} 15:8 {S} 15:9 {S} 15:10 {P} 15:11 {S} 15:12β15 {P} 15:16 {P} 15:17a {S} 15:17bβ25 ΧΧΧ ΧΧ Χ ΧΧ¨Χ¨Χ {P} 15:26β29 {P} 16:1β4 {S} 16:5β7 ** {P} '''Song of Assaf: [[#Song of Assaf|{SONG} 16:8β22 {P} 16:23β36 {SONG}]]''' ** {P} 16:37β38 {S} 16:39β43 {P} 17:1β2 {S} 17:3β7a {S} 17:7bβ15 ΧΧ ΧΧΧ¨ {P} 17:16β27 18:1β8 {P} 18:9β17 {P} 19:1β5 {S} 19:6β7a {S} 19:7b ΧΧΧ Χ Χ’ΧΧΧ {S} 19:8β12a {S} 19:12bβ15 ΧΧΧ ΧΧ Χ Χ’ΧΧΧ {S} 19:16β19 {S} 20:1β3 {S} 20:4β5 {S} 20:6β8 {P} 21:1β7 {S} 21:8 {P} 21:9β12 {S} 21:13β15 {S} 21:16β17 {S} 21:18β26 {S} 21:27β30 {S} 22:1 {P} 22:2β4 {P} 22:5β6 {S} 22:7β17 {S} 22:18β19 {P} 23:1β5 {S} 23:6 {S} 23:7 {S} 23:8 {S} 23:9 {S} 23:10β11 {S} 23:12 {S} 23:13β14 {S} 23:15β17 {S} 23:18β23 {S} 23:24β32 {P} 24:1β5 {S} 24:6 ** {P} 24:7a {S} 24:7b ΧΧΧΧ’ΧΧ {S} 24:8a {S} 24:8b ΧΧ©Χ’Χ¨ΧΧ {S} 24:9a {S} 24:9b ΧΧΧΧΧ {S} 24:10a {S} 24:10b ΧΧΧΧΧ {S} 24:11a {S} 24:11b ΧΧ©ΧΧ ΧΧΧ {S} 24:12a {S} 24:12b ΧΧΧ§ΧΧ {S} 24:13a {S} 24:13b ΧΧΧ©ΧΧΧ {S} 24:14a {S} 24:14b ΧΧΧΧ¨ {S} 24:15a {S} 24:15b ΧΧΧ€Χ¦Χ₯ {S} 24:16a {S} 24:16b ΧΧΧΧΧ§ΧΧ {S} 24:17a {S} 24:17b ΧΧΧΧΧ {S} 24:18a {S} 24:18b ΧΧΧ’ΧΧΧΧ. ** {P} 24:19 {P} 24:20 {S} 24:21 {S} 24:22 {S} 24:23 {S} 24:24 {S} 24:25 {S} 24:26 {S} 24:27 {S} 24:28 {S} 24:29 {S} 24:30β31 {S} 25:1β3 {S} 25:4β8 {P} 25:9a {S} 25:9b ΧΧΧΧΧΧ {S} 25:10 {S} 25:11 {S} 25:12 {S} 25:13 {S} 25:14 {S} 25:15 {S} 25:16 {S} 25:17 {S} 25:18 {S} 25:19 {S} 25:20 {S} 25:21 {S} 25:22 {S} 25:23 {S} 25:24 {S} 25:25 {S} 25:26 {S} 25:27 {S} 25:28 {S} 25:29 {S} 25:30 {S} 25:31 {P} 26:1β5 {S} 26:6β13 {P} 26:14β16 {S} 26:17a {S} 26:17bβ20 ΧΧΧΧ‘Χ€ΧΧ {S} 26:21 {S} 26:22 {S} 26:23β24 {S} 26:25β28 {P} 26:29β32 {P} 27:1 {P} 27:2 {S} 27:3 {S} 27:4 {S} 27:5β6 {S} 27:7 {S} 27:8 {S} 27:9 {S} 27:10 {S} 27:11 {S} 27:12 {S} 27:13 {S} 27:14 {S} 27:15 {P} 27:16a {S} 27:16b ΧΧ©ΧΧ’ΧΧ Χ {S} 27:17 {S} 27:18a {S} 27:18b ΧΧΧ©Χ©ΧΧ¨ {S} 27:19a {S} 27:19b ΧΧ Χ€ΧͺΧΧ {S} 27:20 {S} 27:21a {S} 27:16b ΧΧΧ ΧΧΧ 27:22β24 {S} 27:25a {S} 27:25b ΧΧ’Χ ΧΧΧ¦Χ¨ΧΧͺ {S} 27:26 {S} 27:27a {S} 27:27b ΧΧ’Χ Χ©ΧΧΧ¨ΧΧΧ {S} 27:28a {S} 27:28b ΧΧ’Χ ΧΧ¦Χ¨ΧΧͺ ΧΧ©ΧΧ {S} 27:29a {S} 27:29b ΧΧ’Χ ΧΧ§ΧΧ¨ {S} 27:30a {S} 27:30b ΧΧ’Χ ΧΧΧͺΧ ΧΧͺ {S} 27:31 {S} 27:32 {S} 27:33 {S} 27:34 ** {P} 28:10 {P} 28:11β19 {P} 28:20β21 {S} 29:1β9 {P} 29:10β19 {P} 29:20β25 {P} 29:26β20 * '''King Solomon (2 Chronicles 1β9):''' {P} 1:1β10 {S} 1:11β13 {P} 1:14β18;2:1 {P} 2:2β9 {S} 2:10β15 {P} 2:16β17;3:1β7 {S} 3:8β13 {S} 3:14 {S} 3:15 {S} 3:16β17 {S} 4:1 {S} 4:2β5 {S} 4:6 {S} 4:7 {S} 4:8 {S} 4:9β18 {S} 4:19β22;5:1a {S} 5:1b ΧΧΧΧ Χ©ΧΧΧ {P} 5:2β10 {P} 5:11β14 {S} 6:1β13 {P} 6:14a ΧΧΧΧΧ¨ {P} 6:14bβ23 Χ' ΧΧΧΧ ΧΧ©Χ¨ΧΧ {S} 6:24β25 {P} 6:26β27 {S} 6:28β31 {S} 6:32β40 {S} 6:41β42 {P} 7:1β4 {S} 7:5β6 {S} 7:7β11 {P} 7:12β22 {P} 8:1β9 {P} 8:10β11 {P} 8:12β16 {S} 8:17β18 {P} 9:1β12 {P} 9:13β21 {P} 9:22β24 {S} 9:25β31 * '''The Davidic Dynasty (2 Chronicles 10β36):''' {P} 10:1β5 {S} 10:6β11 {P} 10:12β16 {S} 10:17β18a {S} 10:18b ΧΧΧΧΧ Χ¨ΧΧΧ’Χ ΧΧͺΧΧΧ₯ {S} 10:19;11:1 {P} 11:2β4 {P} 11:5β12 {S} 11:13β23;12:1 {P} 12:2β4 {S} 12:5β8 {S} 12:9β12 {S} 12:13β14 {S} 12:15β16 {P} 13:1β3a {S} 13:3b ΧΧΧ¨ΧΧ’Χ {S} 13:4β5 {P} 13:6β9 {S} 13:10β20 {P} 13:21β23 {P} 14:1β6 {P} 14:7a {S} 14:7bβ10 ΧΧΧΧ ΧΧΧ {S} 14:11β14 {S} 15:1β2 {S} 15:3β7 {S} 15:8β9 {P} 15:10β19 {P} 16:1β5 {S} 16:6 {S} 16:7β14 {P} 17:1β6 {P} 17:7β11 {P} 17:12β14a {S} 17:14b Χ’ΧΧ Χ ΧΧ©Χ¨ {S} 17:15 {S} 17:16 {S} 17:17 {S} 17:18 {S} 17:19 {P} 18:1β17 {S} 18:18β22 {S} 18:23β34;19:1 {S} 19:2β11 {P} 20:1β13 {S} 20:14β30 {P} 20:31β37; 21:1β3 {P} 21:4β11 {P} 21:12β20; 22:1 {P} 22:2β12 {P} 23:1β11 {S} 23:12β13 {S} 23:14β15 {P} 23:16β21; 24:1β2 {S} 24:3β14 {P} 24:15β16 {P} 24:17β19 {S} 24:20β22 {P} 24:23β27 {P} 25:1β10 {S} 25:11β13 {P} 25:14β16 {P} 25:17β24 {P} 25:25β28;26:1β2 {P} 26:3β10 {S} 26:11β23 {P} 27:1β9 {P} 28:1β5 {S} 28:6β7 {S} 28:8 {S} 28:9β11 {S} 28:12β13 {S} 28:14β15 {P} 28:16β27 {P} 29:1β11 {P} 29:12a {S} 29:12bβ13 ΧΧΧ ΧΧΧ¨Χ©Χ Χ {S} 29:14a {S} 29:14bβ17 ΧΧΧ ΧΧ Χ ΧΧΧΧͺΧΧ {S} 29:18β19 {S} 29:20β26 {P} 29:27β30 {P} 29:31β36 {P} 30:1β9 {S} 30:10β19 {S} 30:20 {S} 30:21 {S} 30:22 {S} 30:23β24a {S} 30:24bβ26 ΧΧΧ©Χ¨ΧΧ ΧΧ¨ΧΧΧ {S} 30:27 {P} 31:1 {P} 31:2 {S} 31:3β6 {S} 31:7 {S} 31:8 {P} 31:9β10 {S} 31:11β21 {P} 32:1β8 {P} 32:9β19 {S} 32:20 {S} 32:21β23 {P} 32:24β32 {P} 33:1β9 {P} 33:10β20 {P} 33:21β25 {P} 34:1β7 {P} 34:8β11 {S} 34:12β23 {S} 34:24β26a {S} 34:26bβ28 ΧΧ ΧΧΧ¨ Χ' ΧΧΧΧ ΧΧ©Χ¨ΧΧ {S} 34:29β33 {S} 35:1β2 {S} 35:3β6 {P} 35:7 {S} 35:8β18 {S} 35:19 {S} 35:20β22 {S} 35:23β24 {S} 35:25β27 {S} 36:1β4 {P} 36:5β8 {P} 36:9β10 {P} 36:11β14 {S} 36:15β17 {S} 36:18β21 {S} 36:22 {S} 36:23 == Songs with special layout == {{Expand section|date=May 2008}} [[File:Torah2.jpg|thumb|right|Image of a modern Torah scroll open to the Song of the Sea (Exodus 15:1β19) with special layout visible.]] In addition to the common "open" and "closed" ''parashot'', the masoretic scribal layout employs spaces in an elaborate way for prominent songs found within narrative books, as well as for certain lists. Each such "song" is formatted in its own exact way, though there are similarities between them. These sections include: '''Torah''' * Song of the Sea (Exodus 15:1β19) * Song of Moses (Deuteronomy 32) '''Nevi'im''' * Canaanite Kings (Joshua 12:9β24) * Song of Deborah (Judges 5) * Song of David (II Samuel 22) '''Ketuvim''' * Song of the Seasons (Ecclesiastes 3:2β8) * Haman's Sons (Esther 9:7β9) * David's Champions (I Chronicles 11:26β47) * Song of Assaf (I Chronicles 16:8β36) The following sections discuss the layout and formatting of each of these songs in detail. === Haman's Sons (Esther) === [[File:Esther-elihu.djvu|thumb|right|100px|The list of Haman's sons in a standard Scroll of Esther.|page=9]] Esther 9:7β9 lists [[Sons of Haman|Haman's ten sons]] in three consecutive verses (three names in 7, three in 8, and four in 9). Each name is preceded by the Hebrew particle ΧΧΧͺ. The {SONG} format for this list is as follows: * The last word of verse 9:6 (ΧΧΧ©) is purposely planned to be the first word in a new line (at the right margin). This word will begin the first line of text in {SONG} format. * The first word of 9:7 (the Hebrew particle ΧΧΧͺ) is written at the end of the first line in at the left margin. A large gap is thus left between ΧΧΧ© and ΧΧΧͺ, which forms a closed ''parashah'' division {S}. * In the next ten lines of text, the ten names of the sons of Haman appear one after another in the beginning of each line at the right margin, beneath the word ΧΧΧ©, while the word ΧΧΧͺ appears at the end of each line text (left margin) until the final line. The 11th and final line of text ends with the first word of 9:10 (Χ’Χ©Χ¨Χͺ). * There are thus a total of eleven lines of text in {SONG} format, each with a single word at the beginning of the line and a single word at the end. The first (right) column begins with the word ΧΧΧ© and the names of Haman's 10 sons follow beneath it. The second (left) column has the word ΧΧΧͺ ten times, and in the final row it has the first word of 9:10 (Χ’Χ©Χ¨Χͺ). The {SONG} format described here originated in the typically narrow columns of the Tiberian masoretic codices, in which a line of text containing only two words at opposite margins with a gap between them appears similar to a standard closed ''parashah''. However, in many later scrolls the columns are much wider, such that lines with single words at opposite margins create a huge gap in the middle. In many scrolls these eleven lines are written in very large letters so that they form one full column of text in the megillah. == See also == * {{annotated link|Chapters and verses of the Bible}} * {{annotated link|List of Hebrew Bible manuscripts}} * {{annotated link|Lectionary}} * {{annotated link|Seder (Bible)}} * {{annotated link|Surah}} * {{annotated link|Weekly Torah portion}} == References == {{Reflist}} == Literature cited == '''Books and articles cited in the [[#References|references]] to this article:''' * Finfer, Pesah. ''Masoret HaTorah VehaNevi'im.'' Vilna, 1906 (Hebrew). Online text: High-resolution color scan at the [https://viewer.rsl.ru/ru/rsl01006720568?page=5&rotate=0&theme=white Russian State Library]; [https://archive.org/details/finfer-masoret-ha-torah-veha-neviim-vilna-1906-images Internet Archive], [[:commons:File:Masoret-finfer.djvu|DjVu at Wikimedia Commons]], [http://hebrewbooks.org/6251 PDF at HebrewBooks.org] * [[Shlomo Ganzfried|Ganzfried, Shlomo]]. ''Keset HaSofer''. UngvΓ‘r ([[Uzhhorod]]), 1835 (Hebrew). [http://hebrewbooks.org/8308 Online text (PDF)] * [[Moshe Goshen-Gottstein|Goshen-Gottstein, Moshe]]. "The Authenticity of the Aleppo Codex." ''Textus'' 1 (1960):17-58. * [[Moshe Goshen-Gottstein|Goshen-Gottstein, Moshe]]. "A Recovered Part of the Aleppo Codex." ''Textus'' 5 (1966):53-59. * Levy, B. Barry. ''Fixing God's Torah: The Accuracy of the Hebrew Bible text in Jewish Law.'' Oxford University Press, 2001. * Ofer, Yosef. "[[Umberto Cassuto|M. D. Cassuto]]'s Notes on the Aleppo Codex." ''[[Sefunot]]'' 19 (1989):277-344 (Hebrew). [https://www.daat.ac.il/daat/vl/tohen.asp?id=277 Online text (PDF)] * Ofer, Yosef. "The Aleppo Codex and the Bible of R. Shalom Shachna Yellin" in ''Rabbi [[Mordechai Breuer]] Festschrift: Collected Papers in Jewish Studies'', ed. M. Bar-Asher, 1:295-353. Jerusalem, 1992 (Hebrew). [https://www.daat.ac.il/daat/vl/tohen.asp?id=277 Online text (PDF)] * Penkower, Jordan S. "Maimonides and the Aleppo Codex." ''Textus'' 9 (1981):39-128. * Penkower, Jordan S. ''New Evidence for the Pentateuch Text in the Aleppo Codex''. [[Bar-Ilan University]] Press: Ramat Gan, 1992 (Hebrew). * Yeivin, Israel. "The Division into Sections in the Book of Psalms." ''Textus'' 7 (1969):76-102. * Yeivin, Israel. ''Introduction to the Tiberian Masorah''. Trans. and ed. [[E. J. Revell]]. Masoretic Studies 5. Missoula, Montana: Scholars Press, 1980. '''Bible editions consulted (based on the [[Aleppo Codex]]):''' # Mossad Harav Kuk: Jerusalem, 1977β1982. [[Mordechai Breuer]], ed. # Horev publishers: Jerusalem, 1996β98. [[Mordechai Breuer]], ed. # ''[https://web.archive.org/web/20111003072902/http://www.jerusalem-crown.co.il/website_en/index.asp Jerusalem Crown: The Bible of the Hebrew University of Jerusalem]''. Jerusalem, 2000. Yosef Ofer, ed. (under the guidance of [[Mordechai Breuer]]). # Jerusalem Simanim Institute (Feldheim Publishers), 2004. # ''Mikraot Gedolot Haketer'', [[Bar-Ilan University]] Press, 1992βpresent. # Mechon Mamre, [http://mechon-mamre.org/i/t/x/x0.htm online version]. '''Bible editions consulted (based on the [[Leningrad Codex]]):''' # ''[[Biblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia]]''. Deutsche Bibelgesellschaft: Stuttgart, 1984. # Adi publishers. Tel Aviv, 1986. Aharon Dotan, ed. # The ''[[New Jewish Publication Society of America Version|JPS Hebrew-English Tanakh]]''. Philadelphia, 1999. # ''[[Biblia Hebraica Quinta]]: General Introduction and Megilloth''. Stuttgart: Deutsche Bibelgesellschaft, 2004 (''BHQ''). '''Bible editions consulted (based on other traditions):''' # [https://web.archive.org/web/20080218014753/http://www.koren-publishers.co.il/HTMLs/Home.aspx Koren Publishers]: Jerusalem, 1962. ==External links== ''Note: Links concerning the '''[[Weekly Torah portion]]''' do not belong here.'' * [http://www.aleppocodex.org/newsite/index.html The Aleppo Codex website] to view high-resolution images of the ''parashot'' and songs as they appear in the extant portions of the codex. * [http://mechon-mamre.org/i/t/x/x0.htm Mechon-Mamre]'s digital version of the letter-text of the Aleppo Codex showing its ''parashah'' divisions. * [https://web.archive.org/web/20111228203845/http://tanach.us/Tanach.xml The Westminster Leningrad Codex] records the ''parashot'' as they appear in the Leningrad Codex. * [http://bible.ort.org/books/pentd2.asp?ACTION=displaysum&BOOK=1 Titles for the ''Parashot'' in the Torah], by [[Aryeh Kaplan]] [[Category:Weekly Torah readings| ]]
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