Editing Participatory organization

{{Short description|Organization based on public participation}}
A '''participatory organization''' is an organization which is built based on [[public participation]] rather than their contract obligations.<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gdyvAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA38 |page=38 |title=The Politics of Bureaucracy; An Introduction to Comparative Public Administration |author=B.Guy Peters |year=2014 |isbn=9781136706172 |publisher=[[Taylor & Francis]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RPRlETAFpYQC&pg=PA186 |page=186 |title=Japanese Model of Schooling; Comparisons with the U.S. |author=Ryoko Tsuneyoshi |year=2013 |isbn=9781136600869 |publisher=[[Taylor & Francis]]}}</ref> 

==Types==
Different types of participatory organizations are possible including [[production companies]], [[membership organization]]s (such as [[trade union]]s), and [[co-operatives]]. They can be legally registered [[formal organization]]s or may object to state regulation and be considered an [[informal organization]].<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CZZbFxSMlLIC&pg=PA509 |pages=509–512 |title=The Oxfam Handbook of Development and Relief |volume=2 |author1=Deborah Eade |author2=Suzanne Williams |year=1995 |isbn=9780855983086 |publisher=[[Oxfam]]}}</ref>

Participatory organizations can have different levels of participation, ranging from complete [[economic transparency]], to [[participatory management]], and ultimately [[Workers' self-management|labor management]].<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=eFBdDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA190 |pages=190–192 |title=European Industrial Organisation |author1=Alexis P Jacquemin |author2=Henry W de Jong |year=2016 |isbn=9781349861675 |publisher=[[Macmillan Education]]}}</ref>

==Criticism==
Participatory organizations are negatively affected by the [[free-rider problem]], can be inefficient, and lack clear leadership and strategy.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Fulton |first=Murray |year=2001 |title=Leadership in democratic and participatory organizations |journal=Canadian Journal of Agricultural Economics |volume=49 |issue=4 |pages=381–394 |doi=10.1111/j.1744-7976.2001.tb00314.x}}</ref>

==See also==
* [[Gift economy]]
* [[Human-based genetic algorithm]]
* [[Public participation]]
* [[Reciprocity (social psychology)|Reciprocity]]
* [[Stigmergy]]
* [[Voluntary association]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Types of organization]]
[[Category:Organizational theory]]

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