Editing Pathogenesis

{{Short description|Process by which a disease or disorder develops}}
{{Distinguish|Parthenogenesis|Palingenesis}}

In [[pathology]], '''pathogenesis''' is the process by which a [[disease]] or [[Disease#Disorder|disorder]] develops. It can include factors which contribute not only to the onset of the disease or disorder, but also to its progression and maintenance.<ref name="Gellman2013">{{cite book |editor1-last=Gellman |editor1-first=Marc D. |editor2-last=Turner |editor2-first=J. Rick |title=Encyclopedia of Behavioral Medicine |date=2013 |publisher=Springer |location=New York |isbn=978-1-4419-1380-7 |page=716}}</ref> The word comes {{ety|grc|''πάθος'' (pathos)|suffering, disease||''γένεσις'' (genesis)|creation}}.

== Description ==
Types of pathogenesis include [[microbe|microbial]] [[infection]], [[inflammation]], [[malignancy]] and [[Necrosis|tissue breakdown]]. For example, bacterial pathogenesis is the process by which bacteria cause infectious illness.{{cn|date=August 2022}}

Most diseases are caused by multiple processes.  For example, certain [[cancer]]s arise from dysfunction of the [[immune system]] ([[skin]] [[tumor]]s and [[lymphoma]] after a [[renal transplant]], which requires [[immunosuppression]]), ''[[Streptococcus pneumoniae]]'' is spread through contact with respiratory [[secretion]]s, such as [[saliva]], [[mucus]], or [[cough]] droplets from an infected person and colonizes the upper respiratory tract and begins to multiply.<ref>{{cite book |author=Fox A |url=http://pathmicro.med.sc.edu/fox/bact-path.htm |title=General aspects of bacterial pathogenesis |publisher=Microbiology and Immunology On-line Textbook |year=2010 |location=University of South Carolina School of Medicine}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |url=http://global.oup.com/academic/product/a-dictionary-of-epidemiology-9780199976737?cc=us&lang=en |title=A dictionary of epidemiology. |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=2014 |isbn=9780199976737 |editor-link=Miquel Porta |veditors=Porta M, Greenland S, Hernán M, dos Santos Silva I, Last JM |edition=6th |location=Oxford}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-08-21 |title=Meningitis Caused by Streptococcus Pneumoniae, Causes, Symptoms and Treatment: A Review - PEXACY |url=https://pexacy.com/meningitis-caused-by-streptococcus/ |access-date=2022-10-03 |language=en-US}}</ref>

The pathogenic mechanisms of a disease (or condition) are set in motion by the underlying causes, which if controlled would allow the disease to be [[Prevention (medical)|prevented]].<ref name=Last-2000>{{cite book|editor-last=Last|editor-first=JM|title=A Dictionary of Epidemiology|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RPaQY8cG4N4C&pg=PA132|edition=4th|year=2000|publisher=Oxford University Press|location=Oxford|isbn=978-0-19-977434-0|page=132}}</ref> Often, a potential cause is identified by [[epidemiology|epidemiological]] observations before a [[pathology|pathological]] link can be drawn between the cause and the disease. The pathological perspective can be directly integrated into an epidemiological approach in the [[interdisciplinary]] field of [[molecular pathological epidemiology]].<ref name="pmid20208016">{{cite journal |vauthors=Ogino S, Stampfer M | title = Lifestyle factors and microsatellite instability in colorectal cancer: the evolving field of molecular pathological epidemiology | journal = J. Natl. Cancer Inst. | volume = 102 | issue = 6 | pages = 365–7 | year = 2010 | pmid = 20208016 | pmc = 2841039 | doi = 10.1093/jnci/djq031 }}</ref> Molecular pathological epidemiology can help to assess pathogenesis and causality by means of linking a potential risk factor to molecular pathologic signatures of a disease.<ref name="pmid21036793">{{cite journal |vauthors=Ogino S, Chan AT, Fuchs CS, Giovannucci E | title = Molecular pathological epidemiology of colorectal neoplasia: an emerging transdisciplinary and interdisciplinary field | journal = Gut | volume = 60 | issue = 3 | pages = 397–411 | year = 2011 | pmid = 21036793 | pmc = 3040598 | doi = 10.1136/gut.2010.217182 }}</ref> Thus, the [[molecular pathological epidemiology]] [[paradigm]] can advance the area of [[causal inference]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sharma |first=Dr Anubhav |date=2022-10-03 |title=What is Pathogenesis? The Development of a Disease? |url=https://thewitfire.in/2022/10/03/what-is-pathogenesis-the-development-of-a-disease/ |access-date=2022-10-03 |website=Witfire |language=en-US}}</ref>

== See also ==
{{col div|colwidth=30em}}
* [[Causal inference]]
* [[Epidemiology]]
* [[Molecular pathological epidemiology]]
* [[Molecular pathology]]
* [[Pathology]]
* [[Pathophysiology]]
* [[Salutogenesis]]
{{colend}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==Further reading==
* {{cite book|vauthors=Haugan S, Bjornson W | title = Avian influenza: etiology, pathogenesis, and interventions | date = 2009 | publisher = Nova Science Publishers | location = Hauppauge, NY | isbn = 978-1-60741-846-7 }}
{{Portal bar|Medicine}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Pathology]]