Editing Patrick Cormack

{{Short description|British politician (1939–2024)}}
{{Use British English|date=July 2014}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2024}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| honorific-prefix = [[The Right Honourable]]
| name             = The Lord Cormack
| honorific-suffix = {{post-nominals|country=GBR|size=100%|DL|FSA|FRHistS|FHA}}
| image            = Official portrait of Lord Cormack crop 2, 2019.jpg
| caption          = Official portrait, 2019
| office           = [[Northern Ireland Affairs Select Committee#List of chairs|Chair of the Northern Ireland Affairs Select&nbsp;Committee]]
| term_start       = 14 July 2005
| term_end         = 12 April 2010
| predecessor      = ''Position established''
| successor        = [[Laurence Robertson]]
| office1          = Shadow [[Deputy Leader of the House&nbsp;of&nbsp;Commons]]
| term_start1      = 20 June 1997
| term_end1        = 19 January 2000
| leader1          = [[William Hague]]
| predecessor1     = [[Gillian Shephard]]
| successor1       = [[James Cran]]
| office2          = [[Shadow Minister for Constitutional Affairs]]
| term_start2      = 20 June 1997
| term_end2        = 19 January 2000
| leader2          = William Hague
| predecessor2     = 
| successor2       = 
| office3          = {{ubl|[[Member of the House of Lords]]|[[Lord Temporal]]}}
| term_start3      = 21 December 2010
| term_end3        = 25 February 2024<br />[[Life peer]]age
| constituency_MP4 = [[South Staffordshire (UK Parliament constituency)|South Staffordshire]]
| prior_term4      = [[South West Staffordshire]] (1974–1983)
| parliament4      = United Kingdom
| term_start4      = 28 February 1974
| term_end4        = 12 April 2010
| majority4        = 
| predecessor4     = ''Constituency established''
| successor4       = [[Gavin Williamson]]
| constituency_MP5 = [[Cannock (UK Parliament constituency)|Cannock]]
| parliament5      = <!-- United Kingdom -->
| term_start5      = 18 June 1970
| term_end5        = 8 February 1974
| majority5        = 
| predecessor5     = [[Jennie Lee, Baroness Lee of Asheridge|Jennie Lee]]
| successor5       = [[Gwilym Roberts]]
| birth_date       = {{birth date|1939|05|18|df=yes}}
| birth_place      = [[Grimsby]], Lincolnshire, England
| death_date       = {{death date and age|2024|02|25|1939|05|18|df=yes}}
| death_place      = [[Lincoln, England|Lincoln]], England
| spouse           = {{marriage|Kathleen Mary MacDonald|1967}}
| party            = [[Conservative Party (UK)|Conservative]]
| relations        = 
| children         = 2
| residence        = 
| education        = {{ubl|[[St James School, Grimsby|St James's Choir School]]|[[Havelock Academy|Havelock School]]}}
| alma_mater       = [[University of Hull]]
}}

'''Patrick Thomas Cormack, Baron Cormack''', {{post-nominals|country=GBR|size=100%|sep=,|DL|FSA|FRHistS}} (18 May 1939 – 25 February 2024) was a British politician, historian, journalist and author. He served as a [[Member of Parliament (United Kingdom)|member of Parliament]] (MP) for 40 years, from 1970 to [[2010 United Kingdom general election|2010]]. Cormack was a member of the [[Conservative Party (UK)|Conservative Party]] and was seen as a [[one-nation conservative]].

Before entering Parliament, Cormack was a teacher. He was elected for [[Cannock (UK Parliament constituency)|Cannock]] at the [[1970 United Kingdom general election|1970 general election]]. Following [[Boundary commissions (United Kingdom)|boundary changes]] he was elected for [[South West Staffordshire]] in 1974, renamed [[South Staffordshire (UK Parliament constituency)|South Staffordshire]] in 1983. He was elected chair of the [[Northern Ireland Affairs Select Committee]] in 2005. He was also twice a candidate for the [[Speaker of the House of Commons (United Kingdom)|speakership of the House of Commons]]. After standing down from the [[House of Commons of the United Kingdom|House of Commons]] in 2010, he served as an active [[life peer]] in the [[House of Lords]].

==Early life and career==
Cormack was born to Thomas Charles Cormack, a local government officer and master mariner, and his wife Kathleen Mary Cormack in [[Grimsby]] just before the outbreak of the [[Second World War]].<ref>{{cite news |last= |first= |date=11 April 2024 |title=Lord Cormack obituary |newspaper= [[The Times]]|url=https://www.thetimes.com/article/lord-cormack-obituary-death-8prxfrl0d |access-date=11 April 2024 |issn=0140-0460}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{cite web|title=Cormack, Baron, (Patrick Thomas Cormack) (born 18 May 1939)|url=https://www.ukwhoswho.com/view/10.1093/ww/9780199540884.001.0001/ww-9780199540884-e-11910|access-date=13 May 2021|website=WHO'S WHO & WHO WAS WHO|date=2007 |doi=10.1093/ww/9780199540884.013.u11910|isbn=978-0-19-954088-4 |archive-date=13 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210513130334/https://www.ukwhoswho.com/view/10.1093/ww/9780199540884.001.0001/ww-9780199540884-e-11910|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Sir Patrick Cormack (Hansard)|url=https://api.parliament.uk/historic-hansard/people/sir-patrick-cormack/index.html|access-date=13 May 2021|website=api.parliament.uk|archive-date=22 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210522031319/https://api.parliament.uk/historic-hansard/people/sir-patrick-cormack/index.html|url-status=live}}</ref> He was educated locally at the [[St James School, Grimsby|St James's Choir School]] and the [[Havelock Academy|Havelock School]], before attending the [[University of Hull]], where he received a [[Bachelor of Arts]] degree in 1961.

Cormack was a teacher at his former school, St James's Choir School, in 1961. Cormack contested the safe [[Labour Party (UK)|Labour]] parliamentary seat of [[Bolsover (UK Parliament constituency)|Bolsover]] at the [[1964 United Kingdom general election|1964 general election]], where he lost to the sitting MP [[Harold Neal]], who won with a majority of 23,103 votes.  At the [[1966 United Kingdom general election|1966 general election]], Cormack contested his hometown seat of [[Grimsby (UK Parliament constituency)|Grimsby]], but again was defeated, this time by the [[secretary of state for education and science]], [[Anthony Crosland]], who had a majority of 8,126. Cormack became a training and education officer with Ross Ltd in 1966. In 1967, he was appointed an assistant house master at the [[Wrekin College]] in [[Wellington, Shropshire]], for two years, after which he became the head of history at [[Brewood Grammar School]] in 1969.<ref name=":0" />

Prior to 1970, Cormack was a member of the [[Bow Group]] and the [[Conservative Monday Club]], resigning from both at the end of 1971.<ref>Copping, Robert, ''The Story of The Monday Club – The First Decade'', Current Affairs Information Unit, London, April 1972: 21 & 28</ref>

==Parliamentary career==
At the [[1970 United Kingdom general election|1970 general election]], Cormack stood for the seat of [[Cannock (UK Parliament constituency)|Cannock]], and this time was elected, narrowly defeating the incumbent Labour MP [[Jennie Lee, Baroness Lee of Asheridge|Jennie Lee]]. Cormack won with a majority of 1,529.

From 1970 to 1973, Cormack served as a [[parliamentary private secretary]] at the [[Department of Health and Social Security]]. He moved constituencies at the [[February 1974 United Kingdom general election|February 1974 general election]], leaving the marginal seat of Cannock and instead contesting the adjacent newly drawn seat of [[South West Staffordshire (UK Parliament constituency)|South West Staffordshire]], which he won comfortably with a majority of 9,758.

Cormack became chairman of the editorial board of ''[[The House (magazine)|The House]]'' magazine in 1976, and editor of the magazine in 1979.<ref name="Experience">{{cite web |title=Experience for Lord Cormack |url=https://members.parliament.uk/member/282/experience |access-date=17 May 2022 |work=UK Parliament |archive-date=17 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220517163531/https://members.parliament.uk/member/282/experience |url-status=live}}</ref>

Cormack was a member of the [[Education Select Committee]] for the duration of the 1979–83 Parliament.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/democracylive/hi/representatives/profiles/25693.stm |title=Your representative: Patrick Cormack |work=[[BBC News]] |access-date=7 June 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160430023058/http://news.bbc.co.uk/democracylive/hi/representatives/profiles/25693.stm |archive-date=30 April 2016 |url-status=dead}}</ref>

An opponent to Prime Minister [[Margaret Thatcher]]'s [[monetarism|monetarist]] economic policies, in November 1981, with national unemployment approaching 3,000,000 (compared to 1,500,000 two years previously), Cormack urged Thatcher to change her government's policies if Britain was to avoid economic disaster.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.expressandstar.com/days/1976-2000/1981.html |title=Those were the days |website=expressandstar.com |access-date=21 March 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303220627/http://www.expressandstar.com/days/1976-2000/1981.html |archive-date=3 March 2016 |url-status=live}}</ref>

In the [[1983 United Kingdom general election|1983 general election]], Cormack was elected to the renamed seat of [[South Staffordshire (UK Parliament constituency)|South Staffordshire]], covering a similar area to the former South West Staffordshire seat. In 1997, after 27 years as an MP on the [[Backbencher|backbenches]], he was promoted by the then [[Leader of the Opposition (United Kingdom)|leader of the Opposition]], [[William Hague]], to become the opposition's Deputy [[Leader of the House of Commons]].

Cormack resigned from this position in early 2000, standing later that year for the position of [[Speaker of the House of Commons (United Kingdom)|Speaker of the House of Commons]] (following the retirement of [[Betty Boothroyd, Baroness Boothroyd of Sandwell|Betty Boothroyd]]). However, he was unsuccessful in his bid for the speakership, with the House instead choosing Labour MP [[Michael Martin, Baron Martin of Springburn|Michael Martin]] for the role. Cormack became life president of ''The House'' magazine in 2005.<ref name="Experience"/> During the 2005–10 parliament, Cormack was the chairman of the [[Northern Ireland Affairs Select Committee]].

The vote in South Staffordshire was postponed at the [[2005 United Kingdom general election|2005 general election]] due to the death of the [[Liberal Democrats (UK)|Liberal Democrat]] candidate Jo Harrison. When the election did take place on 23 June 2005, Cormack won comfortably. In February 2007, it was announced that Cormack had failed to win the re-adoption of his constituency party for the next general election. This vote was later declared invalid, for the number of votes recorded exceeded the number of people present at the meeting.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk_politics/6356975.stm |title=MP Cormack fails to get readopted |work=BBC News |date=13 February 2007 |access-date=13 February 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070216012719/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk_politics/6356975.stm |archive-date=16 February 2007 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk_politics/6389807.stm |title=Cormack ousting vote is invalid |work=BBC News |date=23 February 2007 |access-date=13 February 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070225084153/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk_politics/6389807.stm |archive-date=25 February 2007 |url-status=live}}</ref> In July 2007, the South Staffordshire Conservatives' executive council voted on the matter, but it resulted in a tie. Consequently, a vote of all local party members was held to decide whether Cormack should remain the party's candidate at the following general election.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/politics/6897806.stm |title=Tories fail to decide on Cormack |work=BBC News |date=13 July 2007 |access-date=20 January 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121111234207/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/politics/6897806.stm |archive-date=11 November 2012 |url-status=live}}</ref> In the vote, held on 14 September, Cormack was readopted as the Conservative candidate, receiving the backing of over 75% of participating party members. Cormack expressed his gratitude and called the victory a "great relief".<ref>{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/england/coventry_warwickshire/6995788.stm |title=Cormack 'resoundingly readopted' |work=BBC News |date=14 December 2007 |access-date=20 January 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121112112104/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/england/coventry_warwickshire/6995788.stm |archive-date=12 November 2012 |url-status=live}}</ref> Subsequently, on 1 December 2009, Cormack announced his intention to stand down at the [[2010 United Kingdom general election|2010 general election]].<ref>{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/politics/8388181.stm |title=Veteran Tory MP Sir Patrick Cormack to stand down |work=BBC News |date=1 December 2009 |access-date=20 January 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160130155426/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/politics/8388181.stm |archive-date=30 January 2016 |url-status=live}}</ref>

Although having a reputation as a serious parliamentarian, on occasions he was known for asking light hearted questions in the House of Commons, once simply asking Prime Minister [[Gordon Brown]] at [[Prime Minister's Questions|PMQ's]] what he wanted for [[Christmas]].<ref>[https://www.theyworkforyou.com/debates/?id=2007-11-28b.271.7#g279.4 Engagements: Oral Answers to Questions — Prime Minister – in the House of Commons at 11:30 am on 28 November 2007.]</ref>

Cormack was created a [[life peer]] on 18 December 2010, as ''Baron Cormack'', ''of [[Enville, Staffordshire|Enville]] in the [[Staffordshire|County of Staffordshire]]''.<ref>{{London Gazette |issue=59641 |date=22 December 2010 |page=24505}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://publications.parliament.uk/pa/ld201011/ldhansrd/text/101221-0001.htm#10122142000791 |title=Lords Hansard text for 21 Dec 201021 Dec 2010 (pt 0001) |first=Department of the Official Report (Hansard), House of Lords |last=Westminster |website=publications.parliament.uk |access-date=7 September 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161127104358/http://publications.parliament.uk/pa/ld201011/ldhansrd/text/101221-0001.htm/#10122142000791 |archive-date=27 November 2016 |url-status=live}}</ref> He sat on the Conservative benches in the [[House of Lords]]. Cormack opposed the [[Cameron–Clegg coalition|Coalition]]'s [[House of Lords Reform Bill 2012|plans to reform the House of Lords]], speaking out against them numerous times in the chamber.

Cormack was seen as a [[One Nation Conservatism|One Nation]] Tory. He was a [[Heathite]], and was a frequent rebel under [[Margaret Thatcher]] – one of the so-called "[[Wets and dries|wets]]".<ref>{{cite book |last1=Waller |first1=Robert |author1-link=Robert Waller (pundit) |last2=Criddle |first2=Byron |title=The Almanac of British Politics |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=T9h_CoZYZOYC |publisher=Psychology Press |date=1 January 2002 |isbn=9780415268332}}</ref>

==Other interests==
Cormack took an active interest in historical issues, particularly those related to [[English Heritage]]. He was also a knowledgeable Parliamentary historian. He wrote many books on subjects ranging from the history of Parliament, British castles, English cathedrals, and a book on [[William Wilberforce]].<ref name=":0" />

Cormack was a trustee of the Churches Preservation Trust from 1972 until his death. He was a council member of [[Council for British Archaeology|British Archaeology]] since 1979, and was also a Liveryman of the [[Worshipful Company of Glaziers and Painters of Glass]] for the same length of time. From 1983 to 1993, he was Trustee on the [[Winston Churchill Memorial Trusts|Winston Churchill Memorial Trust]]. He was a consultant and adviser to FIRST, an international affairs organisation, since 1985. He was a vice-president of the [[Royal Stuart Society]] and the [[Heritage Crafts Association]].<ref name=":0" />

A committed Christian, Cormack was a rector's warden at Parliament's [[parish church]], [[St. Margaret's, Westminster|St Margaret's, Westminster]], from 1978 to 1990.

Cormack served as president of the [[British Association of Friends of Museums]] from 2023 until his death in 2024.<ref>{{cite journal|title= BAFM News & Highlights|last= Adgar|first= David|journal= BAFM Journal|year= 2023|issue= 131|page= 4}}</ref>

Cormack was a longstanding Vice President of the [[National Churches Trust]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.nationalchurchestrust.org/about-us/our-presidents-and-patrons |title=Our Presidents and Patrons |accessdate=7 December 2023 |archive-date=8 December 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231208000208/https://www.nationalchurchestrust.org/about-us/our-presidents-and-patrons |url-status=live }}</ref>

Cormack was President of the [https://www.pbs.org.uk/ Prayer Book Society] for many years

==Personal life and death==
Cormack married Kathleen Mary MacDonald in 1967. They had two sons. He listed his recreations in [[Who's Who (UK)|''Who's Who'']] as "fighting [[Philistinism|philistines]], walking, visiting old churches, avoiding [[Sitting on the fence|sitting on fences]]". He was a member of the [[Athenaeum Club, London|Athenaeum]] and Lincolnshire clubs.<ref name=":0" /> He was a longtime resident of [[Lincoln, England|Lincoln]], living near its famed [[Lincoln Cathedral|cathedral]]. 

Cormack died on 25 February 2024, at the age of 84.<ref>{{cite web |title=Lord Cormack |url=https://members.parliament.uk/member/282/career |website=UK Parliament |access-date=27 February 2024}}</ref> Among those who paid tribute to him were Prime Minister [[Rishi Sunak]] and Leader of the Opposition [[Keir Starmer]].<ref>[https://hansard.parliament.uk/commons/2024-02-28/debates/B0D02324-11C1-4617-B00D-72FDD676BD03/Engagements Engagements: Volume 746: debated on Wednesday 28 February 2024]</ref>

==Honours==
[[File:Knights Bachelor Insignia.png|thumb|right|80px| Insignia of a Knight Bachelor]]

* He was elected as a [[Fellow]] of the [[Society of Antiquaries of London]] (FSA) on 5 May 1978.<ref>{{cite web |title=Lord Patrick Cormack |url=https://www.sal.org.uk/our-fellows/directory/lord-patrick-cormack/ |website=The Society of Antiquaries of London |access-date=20 March 2022 |archive-date=16 December 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231216072754/https://www.sal.org.uk/our-fellows/directory/lord-patrick-cormack/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
* He was made a [[Knight Bachelor]] in the [[1995 New Year Honours|1995 New Years Honours List]], for his service to Parliament.<ref>{{London Gazette |issue=54058 |date=9 June 1995 |page=8075}}</ref>
* He became a [[Freedom of the City#Freedom of the City of London|Freeman]] of the [[City of London]] in 1980. 
* He was elected as a [[Fellow]] of the [[Royal Historical Society]] (FRHistS) in 2010.<ref>{{cite web |title=Fellows |url=https://files.royalhistsoc.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/11194558/RHS-Fellows-C_Nov-21-Updated.pdf |website=The Royal Historical Society |access-date=20 March 2022 |archive-date=3 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220303042155/https://files.royalhistsoc.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/11194558/RHS-Fellows-C_Nov-21-Updated.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref> 
* He was elected as an [[Fellow|Honorary Fellow]] of the [[Historical Association]] (FHA) in 2010.<ref>{{cite web |title=Honorary Fellows of the Historical Association |url=https://www.history.org.uk/files/download/24078/1617872043/List_of_HA_fellows_2021.pdf |website=The Historical Association |access-date=20 March 2022 |archive-date=8 November 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221108081301/https://www.history.org.uk/files/download/24078/1617872043/List_of_HA_fellows_2021.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref>
* He was awarded the [[Honorary degree]] of [[Doctor of Letters]] (D.Litt.) by the [[University of Hull]] in 2010. 
* He was appointed a [[Deputy Lieutenant]] (DL) for the [[Counties of England|County]] of [[Staffordshire]] on 11 April 2011.<ref>{{cite web |title=Deputy Lieutenant Commissions Lieutenancy of the County of Staffordshire |url=https://www.thegazette.co.uk/notice/L-59754-1341308 |website=The London Gazette |access-date=27 November 2022 |archive-date=27 November 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221127055041/https://www.thegazette.co.uk/notice/L-59754-1341308 |url-status=live }}</ref>
* He was awarded the [[Honorary degree]] of [[Doctor of Laws]] (LL.D) by the [[Catholic University of America]] on 21 June 2013.<ref>{{cite web |title=Honorary Degrees Conferred by The Catholic University of America |url=https://commencement.catholic.edu/_media/docs/master-listing-of-all-honorary-degrees.pdf |website=The Catholic University of America |access-date=20 March 2022 |archive-date=22 November 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201122092636/https://commencement.catholic.edu/_media/docs/master-listing-of-all-honorary-degrees.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref>
* He was awarded the [[Freedom of the City]] of [[Lincoln, England|Lincoln]] on 18 March 2022.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://thelincolnite.co.uk/2022/03/lincoln-arts-champion-to-be-presented-with-freedom-of-the-city/ |title=Lincoln arts champion to be presented with Freedom of the City |last=Jaines |first=Daniel |date=18 March 2022 |website=The Lincolnite |access-date=20 March 2022 |archive-date=19 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220319003910/https://thelincolnite.co.uk/2022/03/lincoln-arts-champion-to-be-presented-with-freedom-of-the-city/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

==Arms==
{{Infobox COA wide
|image = [[File:Coronet of a British Baron.svg|centre|150px]] [[File:Cormack Escutcheon.png|centre|200px]]
|escutcheon = Per pale Or and Vert on a chevron between three cod bendwise sinister three portcullises chained each upper bar set with a Stafford Knot all counterchanged.
|crest = A demi-lion Vert winged and grasping in the dexter paw a quill Or.
|supporters = On either side a goose Or that to the dexter holding in the beak a bluebonnet flower slipped Proper and that to the sinister holding in the beak a flax flower slipped Proper both resting the interior foot on a lamp with three flames Gules.<ref>{{cite book|title=Debrett's Peerage |date=2019}}</ref>}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*{{usurped|1=[https://web.archive.org/web/20040323071033/http://www.epolitix.com/EN/MPWebsites/Patrick+Cormack ePolitix – Sir Patrick Cormack FSA]}} official site
*[http://politics.guardian.co.uk/person/0,9290,-1121,00.html Guardian Unlimited Politics – Ask Aristotle: Patrick Cormack MP]
*[https://www.theyworkforyou.com/mp/patrick_cormack/south_staffordshire TheyWorkForYou.com – Patrick Cormack MP]
* {{Hansard-contribs|sir-patrick-cormack|Patrick Cormack}}
*[https://www.theguardian.com/guardianpolitics/story/0,,1497197,00.html The Guardian – ''Election begins in the seat time forgot''] 2 June 2005

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{{2000 Speaker of the British House of Commons election}}
{{2009 Speaker of the British House of Commons election}}
{{2016 Lord Speaker election}}

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[[Category:1939 births]]
[[Category:2024 deaths]]
[[Category:Conservative Party (UK) life peers]]
[[Category:Conservative Party (UK) MPs for English constituencies]]
[[Category:UK MPs 1970–1974]]
[[Category:UK MPs 1974]]
[[Category:UK MPs 1974–1979]]
[[Category:UK MPs 1979–1983]]
[[Category:UK MPs 1983–1987]]
[[Category:UK MPs 1987–1992]]
[[Category:UK MPs 1992–1997]]
[[Category:UK MPs 1997–2001]]
[[Category:UK MPs 2001–2005]]
[[Category:UK MPs 2005–2010]]
[[Category:People from Grimsby]]
[[Category:Deputy lieutenants of Staffordshire]]
[[Category:Fellows of the Society of Antiquaries of London]]
[[Category:Fellows of the Royal Historical Society]]
[[Category:Knights Bachelor]]
[[Category:Life peers created by Elizabeth II]]
[[Category:Alumni of the University of Hull]]