Editing Percopsiformes

{{Short description|Order of fishes}}
{{Automatic taxobox
| image = Amblyopsis_spelaea.jpg
| image_caption = [[Northern cavefish]]
| fossil_range = {{Fossil range|Campanian|recent|ref=<ref name="Murray2019">{{Cite journal|author1=Alison M. Murray |author2=Donald B. Brinkman |author3=Michael G. Newbrey |author4=Andrew G. Neuman |year=2019 |title=Earliest North American articulated freshwater acanthomorph fish (Teleostei: Percopsiformes) from Upper Cretaceous deposits of Alberta, Canada |journal=Geological Magazine |volume=157 |issue=7 |pages=1087–1096 |doi=10.1017/S0016756819001328 |s2cid=212927875 }}</ref>}}
| taxon = Percopsiformes
| authority = [[Lev Berg|L. S. Berg]], 1940
| subdivision_ranks = Families
| subdivision = [[Amblyopsidae]] (cavefishes)<br />
[[Aphredoderidae]] (pirate perch)<br />
[[Percopsidae]] (trout-perches)
| synonyms = * Percopsida
* Salmopercae
* Salmopercoidea
* Heteropygii <small>Tellkampf 1844</small>
| type_species = ''[[Percopsis omiscomaycus]]''
| type_species_authority = ([[Johann Julius Walbaum|Walbaum]], 1792)
}}

The '''Percopsiformes''' {{IPAc-en|p|ɜːr|ˈ|k|ɒ|p|s|ᵻ|f|ɔːr|m|iː|z}} are a small order of freshwater [[teleost]] [[fish]]es measuring less than 20&nbsp;cm in length, comprising the [[trout-perch]] and its allies.<ref>{{cite book|title=The Diversity of Fishes: Biology, Evolution and Ecology|last1=Facey|first1=Douglas E.|last2=Bowen|first2=Brian W.|last3=Collette|first3=Bruce B.|last4=Helfman|first4=Gene S.|edition=Third|year=2023|publisher=Wiley|isbn=9781119341918}}</ref>{{rp|319}}  It contains just ten [[extant taxon|extant]] species, grouped into seven [[genus|genera]] and three [[family (biology)|families]]. Five of these genera are [[monotypic]].<ref>{{FishBase_order|order=Amblyopsiformes|year=2008|month=December}}</ref>

They inhabit freshwater habitats in North America, and fossil evidence indicates that they have inhabited this region since the [[Late Cretaceous]], with both suborders having diverged by the [[Maastrichtian]].<ref name=":3">{{cite journal |last1=Near |first1=Thomas J |last2=Thacker |first2=Christine E |date=18 April 2024 |title=Phylogenetic classification of living and fossil ray-finned fishes (Actinopterygii) |journal=Bulletin of the Peabody Museum of Natural History |volume=65 |doi=10.3374/014.065.0101 |doi-access=free}}</ref><ref name="Murray2019" /> Most species in this order are known from the eastern and central regions of North America, although the two ''Percopsis'' species have a primarily boreal and western distribution, with ''P. omiscomaycus'' reaching as far north as the [[Arctic Circle]] and ''P. transmontana'' being restricted to the [[Pacific Northwest]].

They are generally small fish, ranging from {{convert|5|to|20|cm|in|abbr=on}} in adult body length. They are grouped together because of technical characteristics of their internal anatomy, and the different species may appear quite different externally.<ref name="EoF">{{cite book |author=Cohen, Daniel M. |title=Encyclopedia of Fishes |publisher=Academic Press |year=1998 |isbn=0-12-547665-5 |editor=Paxton, J.R. |location=San Diego |page=129 |editor2=Eschmeyer, W.N.}}</ref> Despite their scientific name and the common names for some taxa, they are not closely related to actual [[Perch|perches]] in the order [[Perciformes]], and rather represent a freshwater lineage of the otherwise almost entirely marine superorder [[Paracanthopterygii]]. They are more closely related to the [[Cod|cods]], [[Zeiformes|dories]], and the deep-sea [[Stylephorus|tube-eye]], and fossil evidence suggests that their closest relative was the extinct order [[Sphenocephaliformes]], comprising two enigmatic genera of Late Cretaceous marine fish, as well as ''[[Omosomopsis]]'', another Cretaceous marine fish from [[Morocco]].<ref name=":3" />

== Classification ==
* '''Order Percopsiformes''' <small>Berg 1937</small><ref name="Nelson">{{cite book|last1=Nelson|first1=Joseph S.|last2=Grande|first2=Terry C.|last3=Wilson|first3=Mark V. H.|year=2016|title=Fishes of the World|edition=5th|publisher=[[John Wiley & Sons]]|isbn=9781118342336}}</ref><ref name="van der Laan">{{cite journal|last=van der Laan|first=Richard|year=2018|title=Family-group names of fossil fishes|journal=European Journal of Taxonomy|volume=466|pages=1-167|doi=10.5852/ejt.2018.466|doi-access=free}}</ref>{{rp|72}}
** Genus †''[[Lateopisciculus]]'' <small>Murray & Wilson 1996</small>
** Genus †''[[Percopsiformorum]]'' [Otolith]{{citation needed|date=December 2023}}
** '''Suborder Percopsoidei''' <small>Berg 1937</small>
*** Genus †''[[Lindoeichthys]]'' (Late Cretaceous of Canada)<ref name="Murray2019" />
*** '''Family [[Percopsidae]]''' <small>Regan 1911</small> [Percopsides <small>Agassiz 1850</small>; Erismatopteridae <small>Jordan 1905</small> †Libotoniidae <small>Grande, 1988</small><ref name="Murry2020">{{cite journal |last1=Murray |first1=A.M. |last2=Brinkman |first2=D.B. |last3=Newbrey |first3=M.G. |last4=Neuman |first4=A.G. |year=2020 |title=Earliest North American articulated freshwater acanthomorph fish (Teleostei: Percopsiformes) from Upper Cretaceous deposits of Alberta, Canada |journal=Geological Magazine |volume=157 |issue=7 |pages=1087-1096 |doi=10.1017/S0016756819001328}}</ref>]
**** Genus †''[[Amphiplaga]]'' <small>Cope 1877</small>
**** Genus †''[[Erismatopterus]]'' <small>Cope 1870</small>
**** Genus †''[[Libotonius]]'' <small>Wilson 1977</small>
**** Genus †''[[Massamorichthys]]'' <small>Murray 1996</small>
**** Genus ''[[Percopsis]]'' <small>Agassiz 1849</small> [''[[Columbia (fish)|Columbia]]'' <small>Eigenmann & Eigenmann 1892 non Rang 1834</small>; ''[[Columatilla]]'' <small>Whitley 1940</small>; ''[[Salmoperca]]'' <small>Thompson 1850</small>]
** '''Suborder Aphredoderoidei''' <small>Berg 1937</small> [Amblyopsoidei <small>Regan 1911</small>; Aphredoderoidea; Amblyopsoidea]
*** '''Family [[Aphredoderidae]]''' <small>Bonaparte 1832</small> (Pirate perches)
**** Genus †''[[Trichophanes]]'' <small>Cope 1872</small>
**** Genus ''[[Aphredoderus]]'' <small>Lesueur 1833 ex Cuvier & Valenciennes 1833</small> [''[[Sternotremia]]'' <small>Nelson 1876</small>; ''[[Asternotremia]]'' <small>Nelson ex Jordan 1877</small>; ''[[Scolopsis]]'' <small>Gilliams 1824 non Cuvier 1814</small>]
*** '''Family [[Amblyopsidae]]''' <small>Bonaparte 1832</small> [Hypsaeidae <small>Storer 1846</small>] (Cavefishes)
**** Genus ''[[Typhlichthys]]'' <small>Girard 1859</small> (Southern cavefish)
**** Genus ''[[Speoplatyrhinus]]'' <small>Cooper & Kuehne 1974</small> (Alabama cavefish)
**** Genus ''[[Forbesichthys]]'' <small>Jordan 1929</small> [''[[Forbesella]]'' <small>Jordan & Evermann 1927 non Herdman 1891 non Lacaze-Duthiers & Delage 1892</small>] (Spring cavefish)
**** Genus ''[[Chologaster]]'' <small>Agassiz 1853</small> (Swampfish)
**** Genus ''[[Amblyopsis]]'' <small>de Kay 1842</small> [''[[Troglichthys]]'' <small>Eigenmann 1899</small>; ''[[Poecilosomus]]'' <small>Swainson 1839</small>]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Actinopterygii}}
{{Taxonbar|from=Q3899690}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Percopsiformes| ]]
[[Category:Taxa named by Lev Berg]]
[[Category:Extant Campanian first appearances]]
[[Category:Ray-finned fish orders]]