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{{Distinguish|Philippopolis (disambiguation){{!}}Philippopolis}} {{Infobox settlement | name = Philippolis | image_skyline = Dorpsbeeld Philippolis.JPG | image_caption = Philippolis | map_caption = Philipolis in the Free State | pushpin_map = South Africa Free State#South Africa | coordinates = {{coord|30|16|S|25|17|E|region:ZA|display=inline,title}} | subdivision_type = Country | subdivision_name = [[South Africa]] | subdivision_type1 = Province | subdivision_name1 = [[Free State (province)|Free State]] | subdivision_type2 = District | subdivision_name2 = [[Xhariep District Municipality|Xhariep]] | subdivision_type3 = Municipality | subdivision_name3 = [[Kopanong Local Municipality|Kopanong]] | subdivision_type4 = Main Place | established_title = Established | established_date = 1823<ref name=established>{{cite thesis |last=Robson |first=Linda Gillian |title=The Royal Engineers and settlement planning in the Cape Colony 1806–1872: Approach, methodology and impact |date=2011 |type=PhD thesis |publisher=University of Pretoria |chapter=Annexure A |chapter-url=https://repository.up.ac.za/bitstream/handle/2263/26503/05back.pdf?sequence=6&isAllowed=y#page=31 |url=https://repository.up.ac.za/handle/2263/26503 |hdl=2263/26503 |pages=xlv–lii}}</ref> | government_type = Ward 4 | leader_title = Councillor | leader_name = Nomvulazana Judith Stuurman | area_footnotes = <ref name=census2011>Sum of the Main Places [http://census2011.adrianfrith.com/place/461013 Philippolis] and [http://census2011.adrianfrith.com/place/461014 Poding-Tse-Rolo] from Census 2011.</ref> | area_total_km2 = 39.6 | population_footnotes = <ref name=census2011 /> | population_total = 3648 | population_as_of = 2011 | population_density_km2 = auto <!-- demographics (section 1) --> | demographics_type1 = Racial makeup (2011) | demographics1_footnotes = <ref name=census2011 /> | demographics1_title1 = [[Bantu peoples of South Africa|Black African]] | demographics1_info1 = 65.1% | demographics1_title2 = [[Coloureds|Coloured]] | demographics1_info2 = 27.6% | demographics1_title3 = [[Indian South African|Indian]]/[[Asian South African|Asian]] | demographics1_info3 = 0.5% | demographics1_title4 = [[White South African|White]] | demographics1_info4 = 5.9% | demographics1_title5 = Other | demographics1_info5 = 0.9% <!-- demographics (section 2) --> | demographics_type2 = [[First language]]s (2011) | demographics2_footnotes = <ref name=census2011 /> | demographics2_title1 = [[Afrikaans]] | demographics2_info1 = 41.2% | demographics2_title2 = [[Xhosa language|Xhosa]] | demographics2_info2 = 29.3% | demographics2_title3 = [[Sotho language|Sotho]] | demographics2_info3 = 25.7% | demographics2_title4 = [[English language|English]] | demographics2_info4 = 1.3% | demographics2_title5 = Other | demographics2_info5 = 2.3% <!-- blank fields (section 2) --> <!-- Other information --> | timezone1 = [[South African Standard Time|SAST]] | utc_offset1 = +2 | postal_code_type = [[List of postal codes in South Africa|Postal code]] (street) | postal_code = 9970 | postal2_code_type = [[Post-office box|PO box]] | postal2_code = 9970 | area_code_type = [[Telephone numbers in South Africa|Area code]] | area_code = 051 | website = {{URL|http://www.philippolisinfo.co.za/historical.htm}} }} '''Philippolis''' is a town in the [[Free State (South African province)|Free State]] province of [[South Africa]]. The town is the birthplace of writer and intellectual [[Laurens van der Post|Sir Laurens van der Post]], actress [[Brümilda van Rensburg]] and [[Springboks]] rugby player [[Adriaan Strauss]]. It is regarded as one of the first colonial settlements in the Free State.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.philippolisinfo.co.za/historical.htm|title=Philippolis 1822: The first settlement in the Free State|website=Philippolis|access-date=4 December 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130809024237/http://philippolisinfo.co.za/historical.htm|archive-date=9 August 2013|url-status=dead}}</ref> ==History== The [[London Missionary Society]] founded Philippolis in 1823 as a [[mission (station)|mission station]] serving the local [[Griqua people]]. At first, the area was referred to as Southern Transorangia.<ref>{{cite book|title=New History of South Africa|last1=Giliomee|first1=Hermann|last2=Mbenga|first2=Bernard|publisher=Tafelberg|place=Cape Town|year=2007|page=143|isbn=9780624043591}}</ref> The town takes its name from Dr [[John Philip (missionary)|John Philip]], who was the superintendent of the Society from 1819 to 1849. Adam Kok II, a [[Griqua people|Griqua]] leader, settled in Philippolis with his people in 1826 and became the protector of the mission station. Kok II and some of his followers moved to Philippolis from Griquatown (about 200 km away) following conflict in the area.<ref>{{cite book|last=Mohamed|first=Adhikari|title=Genocide on settler frontiers: when hunter-gatherers and commercial stock farmers clash|publisher=UCT Press|date=2014|place=Cape Town|page=95}}</ref> When Adam Kok II was given possession of the mission station it was on condition that he promised to protect the [[San people|San]] against the aggression of the [[Boers]] and the [[London Missionary Society]] hoped that the [[Griqua people|Griqua]] would promote peace in the region.<ref>{{cite book|last=Theal|first=George McCall|title=History of the emigrant Boer in South Africa: Or the wanderings and wars of the emigrant farmers from their leaving cape Colony to the acknowledgement of their independence by Great Britain|publisher=Swan Sonnenschein, Lowrey & Co.|date=1888|place=London|page=216}}</ref> However, Philippolis became a base from which a number of deadly commandos against the [[San people]] were organised within a year of the [[Griqua people|Griqua]] arrival. This violated the agreement made between the London Missionary Society and Adam Kok II{{sfn|Mohamed|2014|p=100}} and eventually the [[San people|San]] were driven out of the area. Kok's son, [[Adam Kok III]] and his followers later migrated across the [[Drakensberg]] mountains to settle in [[Kokstad, KwaZulu-Natal|Kokstad]] in [[Griqualand East]]. ==Monuments and tourist attractions== The town has a number of declared heritage sites including an historical jail<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.openafrica.org/experiences/participant/2363-philippolis-old-jail|title=Philippolis Old Jail {{!}} Participant {{!}} Open Africa - Do Travel Differently|website=www.openafrica.org|publisher=Code Like Clockwork (Pty) Ltd|language=en|access-date=2017-04-01}}</ref> that has been turned into a bed and breakfast guest house. ===Cannons=== Two naval cannons stand on top of a small hill which were presented by the Cape colonial government in 1840 to [[Adam Kok III]] who was the [[Griqua people|Griqua]] chief at that time. The cannons are fired during the town's [[Witblits]] festival held in April. These cannons may have been used during the various wars between the [[Griqua people|Griqua]], [[Basotho]] and the [[Boers]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.philippolisinfo.co.za/historical.htm|title=Philippolis 1822: The first settlement in the Free State|website=Philippolis|access-date=4 December 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130809024237/http://philippolisinfo.co.za/historical.htm|archive-date=9 August 2013|url-status=dead}}</ref> ===Emily Hobhouse memorial=== A memorial was erected in Philippolis to commemorate English activist [[Emily Hobhouse]], who worked to bring the poor conditions of [[Second Boer War concentration camps]] to the British public's attention. After the conflict's end, Hobhouse established a spinning and weaving school in Philippolis in 1905.<ref name="Marais">{{cite web|url= http://karoospace.co.za/philippolis/|title=Philippolis: Free State|last=Marais|first=Chris|website=Karoo Space|access-date=4 December 2017}}</ref> ===Karoo Artist's Café=== The building in which this café is now situated in, was the first school building in the town, built in the 1830s. ===Transgariep Museum=== This museum was opened on 2 March 1982. It focuses on the London Missionary Society, [[Adam Kok III]] and the [[Griqua people|Griqua]] as well as [[Emily Hobhouse]] and her weaving school.<ref name="Marais"/> ===The Philippolis Jail=== The town jail was built in 1872 and served as a jail for 70 years. It was subsequently converted into a police station and several changes were made such as the repurposing of jail cells into charge offices. The [[South African Defence Force|SADF]] (South African Defence Force) used the jail as an army barracks from 1972 to 1982. The jail was abandoned from 1982 until 1998 when it was restored and turned into a bed and breakfast guest house.<ref name="Marais"/> ===Old Dutch Reformed Church=== The [[Dutch Reformed Church in South Africa (NGK)]] in Philippolis was opened in 1871. The church is famous for its pulpit which is carved from wild olive and erected with no nails, screws or bolts.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.philippolisinfo.co.za/historical.htm|title=Philippolis 1822: The first settlement in the Free State|website=Philippolis|access-date=4 December 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130809024237/http://philippolisinfo.co.za/historical.htm|archive-date=9 August 2013|url-status=dead}}</ref> This site is a declared Provincial Heritage Site.<ref name="Declared sites">{{cite web|url=http://www.sahra.org.za/sahris/declaredsites?title_op=contains&title=&field_fullsitename_value_op=contains&field_fullsitename_value=&province_op=is&province=&field_declarationtype_tid_op=or&field_declarationtype_tid=All&field_archivestatus_value_op=contains&field_archivestatus_value=&field_sitetype_tid=All&page=64|title=Declared sites|website=SAHRIS|access-date=5 December 2017|archive-date=7 December 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171207014816/http://www.sahra.org.za/sahris/declaredsites?title_op=contains&title=&field_fullsitename_value_op=contains&field_fullsitename_value=&province_op=is&province=&field_declarationtype_tid_op=or&field_declarationtype_tid=All&field_archivestatus_value_op=contains&field_archivestatus_value=&field_sitetype_tid=All&page=64|url-status=dead}}</ref> ===Other declared heritage sites in the area=== *The property with the Old Victorian Library building thereon, Voortrekker Street, Donated by the Jacobson Family for the benefit of the Townspeople<ref name="Declared sites"/> *The property with the Dwelling-house thereon, 24 Tobie Muller Street<ref name="Declared sites"/> *The property with the Dwelling-house thereon, being certain Portion “C” of Erf 97, Tobie Muller Street<ref name="Declared sites"/> *The property with the Dwelling-house and adjoining building thereon, 26 Kok Street<ref name="Declared sites"/> *The property, together with the Karoo styled Dwelling-house thereon, 4 Justisie Street<ref name="Declared sites"/> *The Old Pound, together with a portion of surrounding land, being 5 metres on the northern and western side of the structure, the land on the eastern site to and bordered by Justisie Street and the land on the southern side thereof to and bordered by Erf 129, Philippolis.<ref name="Declared sites"/> *The property, together with the Victorian House thereon, 7 Colin Fraser Street (Amended declared in 1990.<ref name="Declared sites"/> *The historic Old Power Magazine, together with 10 metres of surrounding land, situated on Subdivision 20 of the Town Lands of Philippolis 143,declared in 1991.<ref name="Declared sites"/> *The wagon house adjacent the Victorian House together with the property on which they are situated, at 6 and 7 Colin Fraser Street.declared in 1990.<ref name="Declared sites"/> ==Gallery== <gallery> File:Hobhouse_garden_of_Remembrance.jpeg|[[Emily Hobhouse]] garden of remembrance Philippolis. File:NG_Kerk_Philippolis.jpeg|View of NG Kerk in Philippolis. File:Philippolis_library.jpeg|Philippolis library Philippolis. File:26_Kok_Street.jpeg|26 Kok Street dwelling house Philippolis. File:Wagon_house.jpeg|Wagon house Philippolis. </gallery> == References == {{Reflist}} ==External links== {{Commonscatinline}} * [http://www.southafrica.com/free-state/philippolis/ www.southafrica.com] * [http://www.foodwithastory.co.za/Food-Event/172/Philippolis-Witblits-Festival www.foodwithastory.co.za] * [http://www.starrynights.co.za/philippolis.htm www.starrynights.co.za] {{Geographic Location |Centre = Philippolis |North = [[Jagersfontein]] |Northwest = ''[[Vanderkloof Dam]]'' |Northeast = [[Trompsburg]] |East = [[Springfontein]] |Southeast = ''[[Gariep Dam]]'' |South = [[Colesberg]] |Southwest = |West = [[Philipstown, Northern Cape|Philipstown]] }} {{SouthAfricaBoerRep}} {{Xhariep District Municipality}} {{Authority control}} [[Category:Populated places in the Kopanong Local Municipality]] [[Category:Karoo]] [[Category:Populated places established in 1823]] [[Category:1823 establishments in South Africa]]
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