Editing Phillip Allen Sharp

{{short description|American geneticist and molecular biologist}}
{{About|the American geneticist|other people|Philip Sharp (disambiguation){{!}}Philip Sharp}}
{{Infobox scientist
| name              = Phillip Allen Sharp
| image             = Phillip Sharp HD2007 with Winthrop Sears Medal.jpg
| caption           = Sharp with the [[Winthrop-Sears Medal]] in 2007
| birth_date        = {{birth date and age|1944|6|6}}
| birth_place       = [[Falmouth, Kentucky]], U.S.
| death_date        = 
| death_place       = 
| field             = [[Biologist]]
| education         = {{Plainlist|
* [[Union College (Kentucky)|Union College, Kentucky]] ([[B. A.|BA]])
* [[University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign]] ([[PhD]])}}
| work_institution  = {{Plainlist|
* [[Caltech]]
* [[Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory]]
* [[Massachusetts Institute of Technology|MIT]]}}
| doctoral_advisor  = 
| doctoral_students = {{Plainlist|
* [[Constance Cepko|Connie Cepko]]
* [[Andrew Fire]] 
* [[Melissa J. Moore]]
* [[Richard Carthew]]}}
| prizes            = {{Plainlist|
* [[NAS Award in Molecular Biology]] (1980)
* [[Louisa Gross Horwitz Prize]] (1988)<ref>[http://www.cumc.columbia.edu/horwitz/ The Official Site of Louisa Gross Horwitz Prize]</ref>
* [[Dickson Prize]] (1991)
* [[Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine|Nobel Prize]] (1993)
* [[Novartis-Drew Award]] (2003)
* [[National Medal of Science]] (2004)}}
| societies         = 
| spouse            = {{Marriage|Ann Holcombe|1964}}
| children          = 3
| footnotes         = 
| website           = {{URL|http://web.mit.edu/sharplab}}
}}

{{external media | width = 210px | float = right | headerimage= [[File:DNA exons introns.gif|210px]] | video1 = Meet Phillip Sharp: [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=j_4dj7QXgrY#t=15  "What we were able to discover was that in human cells and in many other cells of higher-order organisms, the genes come in discontinuous segments"], [[MIT]]}}

'''Phillip Allen Sharp''' (born June 6, 1944) is an American [[geneticist]] and [[Molecular biology|molecular biologist]] who co-discovered [[RNA splicing]]. He shared the 1993 [[Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine]] with [[Richard J. Roberts]] for "the discovery that [[gene]]s in [[eukaryote]]s are not contiguous strings but contain [[intron]]s, and that the splicing of [[messenger RNA]] to delete those introns can occur in different ways, yielding different [[protein]]s from the same DNA sequence".<ref>{{Cite web|url = https://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1993/|title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1993|access-date = November 12, 2014|website = Nobelprize.org|publisher = Nobel Media}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal
 | pmid = 22586619
| year = 2011
| last1 = Sharp
| first1 = P
| title = Q&A: Phillip Sharp on biomedical convergence
| journal = Cancer Discovery
| volume = 1
| issue = 5
| pages = 370
| doi = 10.1158/2159-8290.CD-ND11-08
| doi-access = free
}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal
 | pmid = 20590673
| year = 2010
| last1 = Musgrave
| first1 = E
| title = Advancing science across the disciplines: An interview with Nobel Laureate Phillip A. Sharp, PhD
| journal = Clinical and Translational Science
| volume = 3
| issue = 3
| pages = 69–70
| doi = 10.1111/j.1752-8062.2010.00197.x
| pmc = 5350715
}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal
 | pmid = 15676292
| year = 2005
| last1 = Sharp
| first1 = P. A.
| last2 = Sharp
| first2 = P
| title = Phillip Sharp discusses RNAi, Nobel Prizes and entrepreneurial science
| journal = Drug Discovery Today
| volume = 10
| issue = 1
| pages = 7–10
| doi = 10.1016/S1359-6446(04)03329-X
}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal
 | pmid = 15182083
| year = 2004
| last1 = Shampo
| first1 = M. A.
| title = Phillip Sharp--Nobel Prize for discovery of "split genes"
| journal = Mayo Clinic Proceedings
| volume = 79
| issue = 6
| pages = 727
| last2 = Kyle
| first2 = R. A.
 | doi=10.1016/s0025-6196(11)62621-9
| doi-access = free
}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal
 | pmid = 10885388
| year = 2000
| last1 = Raju
| first1 = T. N.
| title = The Nobel chronicles. 1993: Richard John Roberts (b 1943) Phillip a Sharp (b 1944)
| journal = Lancet
| volume = 355
| issue = 9220
| pages = 2085
 | doi=10.1016/s0140-6736(05)73547-9
| s2cid = 53265935
}}</ref> He has been selected to receive the 2015 [[Othmer Gold Medal]].<ref name=Othmer2015>{{cite web|title=Othmer Gold Medal|url=https://www.sciencehistory.org/othmer-gold-medal|website=[[Science History Institute]]|access-date=February 4, 2015}}</ref>

Sharp's current research focuses on small RNAs and other types of [[non-coding RNAs]]. His laboratory works to identify the target [[mRNAs]] of [[microRNAs]] (miRNAs), and has discovered a class of miRNAs that are produced from sequences adjacent to [[transcription (genetics)|transcription]] start sites. His laboratory also studies how miRNA [[Regulation of gene expression|gene regulation]] functions in [[angiogenesis]] and cellular stress.<ref>[http://nobelprize.org/medicine/laureates/1993/sharp-autobio.html Autobiography] at the Nobel site</ref><ref>[http://web.mit.edu/biology/www/facultyareas/facresearch/sharp.html Sharp's Research at MIT] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061206035817/http://web.mit.edu/biology/www/facultyareas/facresearch/sharp.html |date=December 6, 2006 }}</ref><ref name=OralHistoryCHF>{{cite book|first1= Arnold |last1=Thackray|first2= David C. |last2=Brock|first3= Mona|last3= Ashiya |title=Phillip A. Sharp, Transcript of Interviews Conducted by Arnold Thackray, David C. Brock, and Mona Ashiya at Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge, Massachusetts on 28 January, 29 May, and 20 November 2003 |date=November 20, 2003 |url=https://oh.sciencehistory.org/sites/default/files/sharp_pa_0268_suppl.pdf|place=Philadelphia, PA|publisher=[[Chemical Heritage Foundation]] }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://ki.mit.edu/people/faculty/sharp|title=The Koch Institute: Phillip A. Sharp|website=ki.mit.edu|access-date=February 11, 2020}}</ref>

==Biography==
Sharp was born in [[Falmouth, Kentucky]], the son of Kathrin (Colvin) and Joseph Walter Sharp.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.woodheadfuneralhome.com/memsol.cgi?user_id=23549 |title=Joseph W. Sharp -- Woodhead Funeral Home, Falmouth, KY |access-date=October 8, 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141028155817/http://www.woodheadfuneralhome.com/memsol.cgi?user_id=23549 |archive-date=October 28, 2014 }}</ref> He married Ann Holcombe in 1964, and they have three daughters.<ref>{{Cite web|url = https://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1993/sharp-bio.html|title = Phillip A. Sharp - Biographical|access-date = November 12, 2014|website = Nobelprize.org|publisher = Nobel Media AB}}</ref>

Sharp studied at [[Union College (Kentucky)|Union College]] and majored in chemistry and mathematics, afterwards completing his Ph.D. in chemistry at the [[University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign]] in 1969.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url = http://web.mit.edu/sharplab/cv.html|title = Curriculum Vitae - Phillip A. Sharp, Ph.D.|access-date = November 12, 2014|website = Sharp Lab}}</ref> Following his Ph.D., he did his postdoctoral training at the [[California Institute of Technology]] until 1971, where he studied [[plasmid]]s.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url = http://web.mit.edu/sharplab/shortbio.html|title = Short Bio - Phillip A. Sharp|access-date = November 12, 2014|website = Sharp Lab}}</ref> Later, he studied [[gene expression]] in human cells at the [[Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory]] as a senior scientist under [[James Dewey Watson|James D. Watson]].<ref name=":1" />

In 1974, he was offered a position at [[MIT]] by biologist [[Salvador Luria]].<ref name=":1" />  He was director of MIT's Center for Cancer Research (now the [[Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research]]) from 1985 to 1991; head of the Biology department from 1991 to 1999; and founder and director of the [[McGovern Institute for Brain Research]] from 2000 to 2004.<ref name=":0" />  In 1995, the FBI confirmed that Sharp received a letter from [[Ted Kaczynski]], insinuating that Sharp would become a target of the [[Unabomber]] because of his work in genetics, stating that "it would be beneficial to your health to stop your research in genetics."<ref>{{Cite web|title=The Communiques of Freedom Club|url=https://theanarchistlibrary.org/library/ted-kaczynski-the-communiques-of-freedom-club-ted-kaczynski|access-date=2021-06-24|website=The Anarchist Library|language=en}}</ref> 

He is currently MIT Institute Professor and Professor of Biology Emeritus and member of the [[Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research|Koch Institute]], and was an [[Institute Professor]], MIT's highest faculty rank, since 1999.<ref name=":0" /> He is also the chair of the advisory board of the [[MIT Jameel Clinic]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Regina Barzilay, James Collins, and Phil Sharp join leadership of new effort on machine learning in health|url=https://news.mit.edu/2018/mit-barzilay-collins-sharp-lead-j-clinic-machine-learning-health-1003|access-date=November 13, 2020|website=MIT News {{!}} Massachusetts Institute of Technology|date=3 October 2018 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=People|url=https://www.jclinic.mit.edu/people|access-date=November 13, 2020|website=J-Clinic|language=en}}</ref> Sharp co-founded [[Biogen]], [[Alnylam Pharmaceuticals]], and Magen Biosciences, and has served on the boards of all three companies.<ref>Biogen Idec, Inc. (2008). "Proxy statement for annual meeting of stockholders to be held on June 19, 2008 at 9:00 A.M., local time", 7.</ref>

==Awards and honors==
[[File:Phillip A Sharp.jpg|300px|thumb|Phillip Sharp with [[George W. Bush]], at the [[National Medal of Science]] awards in 2006.]]
In addition to the Nobel Prize, Sharp has won several notable awards, including the 2004 [[National Medal of Science]],<ref>{{Cite web|url = https://www.nsf.gov/od/nms/recip_details.jsp?recip_id=5100000000428|title = The President's National Medal of Science Recipient Details - Phillip A. Sharp|access-date = November 12, 2014|website = National Science Foundation}}</ref> the 1999 [[Benjamin Franklin Medal for Distinguished Achievement in the Sciences]] of the [[American Philosophical Society]],<ref name="franklinscience_recipients">{{cite web|url=http://www.amphilsoc.org/prizes/franklinscience |title=Benjamin Franklin Medal for Distinguished Achievement in the Sciences Recipients |publisher=[[American Philosophical Society]] |access-date=November 27, 2011}}</ref> the Golden Plate Award of the [[Academy of Achievement|American Academy of Achievement]] in 1981,<ref>{{cite web|title= Golden Plate Awardees of the American Academy of Achievement |website=www.achievement.org|publisher=[[American Academy of Achievement]]|url=https://achievement.org/our-history/golden-plate-awards/#science-exploration}}</ref> and the 1988 [[Louisa Gross Horwitz Prize]] from [[Columbia University]] together with [[Thomas R. Cech]].<ref>{{Cite web|url = http://www.cumc.columbia.edu/research/horwitz-prize/prize-awardees|title = The Louisa Gross Horwitz Prize for Biology or Biochemistry|access-date = November 12, 2014|website = Columbia University Medical Center}}</ref>

Sharp is an elected member of several academic societies, including the [[American Academy of Arts and Sciences]],<ref>{{Cite web|url = https://www.amacad.org/multimedia/pdfs/alphalist.pdf|title = Alphabetical Index of Active Members|date = November 5, 2013|access-date = November 12, 2014|website = American Academy of Arts and Sciences}}</ref> the [[American Association for the Advancement of Science]],<ref>{{Cite web|url = http://membercentral.aaas.org/fellows|title = Fellows|access-date = November 12, 2014|website = American Association for the Advancement of Science|url-status = dead|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140727124856/http://membercentral.aaas.org/fellows|archive-date = July 27, 2014}}</ref> the [[National Academy of Sciences]],<ref>{{Cite web|url = http://www.nasonline.org/member-directory/members/50570.html|title = Phillip A. Sharp|access-date = November 12, 2014|website = National Academy of Sciences}}</ref> and the [[Institute of Medicine]] of the National Academies.<ref>{{Cite web|url = http://www.iom.edu/Global/Directory/Detail.aspx?id=0000050570|title = Directory: IOM Member - Phillip A. Sharp, Ph.D.|access-date = November 12, 2014|website = Institute of Medicine of the National Academies|url-status = dead|archive-url = https://archive.today/20141112184455/http://www.iom.edu/Global/Directory/Detail.aspx?id=0000050570|archive-date = November 12, 2014}}</ref> He was elected a [[List of Fellows of the Royal Society elected in 2011|Foreign Member of the Royal Society (ForMemRS) in 2011]].<ref name=formemrs>{{cite web|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151006212638/https://royalsociety.org/people/philip-sharp-12261/|archive-date=October 6, 2015|url=https://royalsociety.org/people/philip-sharp-12261/|title=Professor Philip Sharp ForMemRS|publisher=[[Royal Society]]|location=London}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url = http://royalsociety.org/about-us/fellowship/foreign-members/| title = Royal Society|publisher= Royal Society|access-date = March 20, 2010}}</ref> In 2012, he was elected the president of the [[American Association for the Advancement of Science]].<ref>{{Cite news|url = http://www.aaas.org/news/phillip-sharp-molecular-biologist-and-nobel-laureate-chosen-serve-aaas-president-elect|title = Phillip A. Sharp, Molecular Biologist and Nobel Laureate, Chosen to Serve as AAAS President-Elect|date = March 13, 2012|work = American Association for the Advancement of Science|access-date = November 12, 2014}}</ref> He is also a Member and Chair of the Scientific Advisory Board of Fidelity Biosciences Group; a member of the Board of Advisors of [[Polaris Partners|Polaris Venture Partners]]; chairman of the Scientific Advisory Board and member of the Board of Directors of [[Alnylam Pharmaceuticals]]; advisor and investor at Longwood and Polaris Venture Funds; a member of the Boards of Directors at Syros Pharmaceuticals and VIR Biotechnology; and member and Chair of the Scientific Advisory Board at Dewpoint Biotechnology.

He is the subject of the 2025 documentary film "Cracking the Code:Phil Sharp and the Biotech Revolution" directed by Bill Haney.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.uncommonproductions.com/cracking-the-code-sharp|title=Documentary Film &#124; Phil Sharp|website=UNCOMMON PRODUCTIONS|accessdate=February 2, 2025}}</ref> 

[[Pendleton County, Kentucky]], Sharp's birthplace, named its current middle school after him.

==Other activities==
In October 2010, Sharp participated in the [[USA Science and Engineering Festival]]'s Lunch with a Laureate program where middle and high school students got to engage in an informal conversation with a Nobel Prize-winning scientist over a brown-bag lunch.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.usasciencefestival.org/2010festival/schoolprograms/lunchwithalaureate |title=Lunch with a Laureate |access-date=December 9, 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100421005023/http://www.usasciencefestival.org/2010festival/schoolprograms/lunchwithalaureate |archive-date=April 21, 2010 }}. usasciencefestival.org (2010)</ref> Sharp is also a member of the [[USA Science and Engineering Festival]]'s Advisory Board.<ref>Furthermore, Sharp participates in the Distinguished Lecture Series of the annual [[Research Science Institute]] (RSI), a summer research program for high school students held at MIT.  [http://www.usasciencefestival.org/about/advisors Advisors] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100421005310/http://www.usasciencefestival.org/about/advisors/ |date=April 21, 2010 }}. usasciencefestival.org</ref>  In 2011, he was listed at #5 on the [[MIT150]] list of the top 150 innovators and ideas from [[MIT]].<ref>{{Cite news|url = http://www.boston.com/news/education/higher/specials/mit150/galleries/top_50?pg=47|title = MIT 150: The Top 50|work = boston.com|access-date = November 12, 2014}}</ref>

He is an editorial advisor to [[Xconomy]],<ref>{{Cite web|url = http://www.xconomy.com/about/#The%20Xconomists|title = About|access-date = November 12, 2014|website = xconomy.com}}</ref> and is a member of the Board of Scientific Governors at [[The Scripps Research Institute]].<ref>{{Cite web|url = http://www.scripps.edu/about/leadership/governors.html|title = Board of Scientific Governors|access-date = November 12, 2014|website = The Scripps Research Institute}}</ref> He has also served on the Faculty Advisory Board of the MIT-Harvard Research Journal and MIT Student Research Association.<ref name=":0" />

In 2016, Sharp helped organize<ref>{{Cite web |last=Answers |first=G. M. O. |title=Dear Greenpeace: It's Time To Stand Up For Science |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/gmoanswers/2016/07/08/gmos-nobel-laureates/ |access-date=2024-05-03 |website=Forbes |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=MacDonald |first=Fiona |date=2016-06-30 |title=107 Nobel Laureates Just Signed a Letter Slamming Greenpeace Over GMOs |url=https://www.sciencealert.com/107-nobel-laureates-just-signed-a-letter-slamming-greenpeace-about-gmos |access-date=2024-05-03 |website=ScienceAlert |language=en-US}}</ref> the [https://www.supportprecisionagriculture.org/nobel-laureate-gmo-letter_rjr.html Laureates Letter Supporting Precision Agriculture], written to oppose efforts by [[Greenpeace]] to ban GMOs and [[Golden rice|Golden Rice]] in particular.


==Selected publications==
* {{cite journal
|author1=Petersen C.P. |author2=Bordeleau M.E. |author3=Pelletier J. |author4=Sharp P.A. |title=Short RNAs Repress Translation after Initiation in Mammalian Cells
|journal=Mol Cell
|date=February 17, 2006
|volume=21
|issue=4
|pages=533–42
|pmid=16483934|doi=10.1016/j.molcel.2006.01.031
|doi-access=free
}}

* {{cite journal
|author1=Cheng C. |author2=Sharp P.A. |title=Regulation of CD44 Alternative Splicing by SRm160 and its Potential Role in Tumor Cell Invasion
|journal=Mol Cell Biol
|date=January 2006
|volume=26
|issue=1
|pages=362–70
|pmid=16354706
|url= |doi=10.1128/MCB.26.1.362-370.2006
|pmc=1317625
}}

* {{cite journal
|author1=Tantin D. |author2=Schild-Poulter C. |author3=Wang V. |author4=Hache R.J. |author5=Sharp P.A. |title=The Octamer Binding Transcription Factor Oct-1 is a Stress Sensor
|journal=Cancer Res.
|date=December 1, 2005
|volume=65
|issue=23
|pages=10750–8
|pmid=16322220|doi=10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-05-2399
|doi-access=free
}}

* {{cite journal
|author1=Grishok A. |author2=Sharp P.A. |title=Negative Regulation of Nuclear Divisions in Caenorhabditis Elegans by Retinoblastoma and RNA Interference-related Genes
|journal=Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A
|date=November 29, 2005
|volume=102
|issue=48
|pages=17360–5
|pmid=16287966
|doi=10.1073/pnas.0508989102
|pmc=1297700
|bibcode=2005PNAS..10217360G |doi-access=free }}

* {{cite journal
|author= Sharp P.A. 	
|title=1918 Flu and Responsible Science
|journal=Science
|date=October 7, 2005
|volume=310
|issue=5745
|pages=17
|pmid=16210500|doi= 10.1126/science.310.5745.17
|doi-access=free
}}

* {{cite journal
|author1=Miskevich F. |author2=Doench J.G. |author3=Townsend M.T. |author4=Sharp P.A. |author5=Constantine-Paton M. |title=RNA Interference of Xenopus NMDAR NR1 ''in vitro'' and ''in vivo''
|journal=J Neurosci Methods
|date=April 15, 2006
|volume=152
|issue=1–2
|pages=65–73
|pmid=16182372|doi=10.1016/j.jneumeth.2005.08.010
|s2cid=25844342 }}

* {{cite journal
|author1=Hong J.H. |author2=Hwang E.S. |author3=McManus M.T. |author4=Amsterdam A. |author5=Tian Y. |author6=Kalmukova R. |author7=Mueller E. |author8=Benjamin T. |author9=Spiegelman B.M. |author10=Sharp P.A. |author11=Hopkins N. |author12=Yaffe M.B. |title=TAZ, a Transcriptional Modulator of Mesenchymal Stem Cell Differentiation
|journal=Science
|date=August 12, 2005
|volume=309
|issue=5737
|pages=1074–8
|pmid=16099986|doi=10.1126/science.1110955
|bibcode=2005Sci...309.1074H |s2cid=1958224 }}

* {{cite journal
|author1=Houbaviy H.B. |author2=Dennis L. |author3=Jaenisch R. |author4=Sharp P.A. |title=Characterization of a Highly Variable Eutherian microRNA Gene 
|journal=RNA
|date=August 2005
|volume=11
|issue=8
|pages=1245–57
|pmid=15987809
|url=http://www.rnajournal.org/cgi/content/full/11/8/1245|doi=10.1261/rna.2890305
|pmc=1370808
}}

* {{cite journal
|author=Sharp P.A.
|title=The Discovery of Split Genes and RNA Splicing
|journal=Trends Biochem. Sci.
|date=June 2005
|volume=30
|issue=6
|pages=279–81
|pmid=15950867|doi=10.1016/j.tibs.2005.04.002
|doi-access=free
}}

* {{cite journal
|author1=Johnson D.M. |author2=Yamaji S. |author3=Tennant J. |author4=Srai S.K. |author5=Sharp P.A. |title=Regulation of Divalent Metal Transporter Expression in Human Intestinal Epithelial Cells Following Exposure to Non-haem Iron
|journal=FEBS Lett.
|date=March 28, 2005
|volume=579
|issue=9
|pages=1923–9
|pmid=15792797|doi=10.1016/j.febslet.2005.02.035
|s2cid=26592792 |doi-access=free|bibcode=2005FEBSL.579.1923J }}

* {{cite journal
|author1=Neilson J.R. |author2=Sharp P.A. |title=Herpesviruses Throw a Curve Ball: New Insights into microRNA Biogenesis and Evolution
|journal=Nat Methods
|date=April 2005
|volume=2
|issue=4
|pages=252–4
|pmid=15782215|doi=10.1038/nmeth0405-252
|s2cid=930447 }}

* {{cite journal
|author1=Grishok A. |author2=Sinskey J.L. |author3=Sharp P.A. |title=Transcriptional Silencing of a Transgene by RNAi in the Soma of C. elegans
|journal=Genes Dev.
|date=March 15, 2005
|volume=19
|issue=6
|pages=683–96
|pmid=15741313
|url=http://www.genesdev.org/cgi/content/full/19/6/683|doi=10.1101/gad.1247705
|pmc=1065722
}}

* {{cite journal
|author=Sharp P.A.
|title=Phillip Sharp Discusses RNAi, Nobel Prizes and Entrepreneurial Science
|journal=Drug Discov Today
|date=January 1, 2005
|volume=10
|issue=1
|pages=7–10
|pmid=15676292
|doi=10.1016/S1359-6446(04)03329-X
|last2=Sharp
|first2=P}}

* {{cite journal 	
|author1=Lee K.B. |author2=Sharp P.A. |title=Transcription-dependent Polyubiquitination of RNA Polymerase II Requires Lysine 63 of Ubiquitin
|journal=Biochemistry
|date=December 7, 2004
|volume=43
|issue=48
|pages=15223–9
|pmid=15568815
|doi=10.1021/bi048719x}}

* {{cite journal
|author1=Mansfield J.H. |author2=Harfe B.D. |author3=Nissen R. |author4=Obenauer J. |author5=Srineel J. |author6=Chaudhuri A. |author7=Farzan-Kashani R. |author8=Zuker M. |author9=Pasquinelli A.E. |author10=Ruvkun G. |author11=Sharp P.A. |author12=Tabin C.J. |author13=McManus M.T. |title=MicroRNA-responsive 'Sensor' Transgenes Uncover Hox-like and Other Developmentally Regulated Patterns of Vertebrate MicroRNA Expression
|journal=Nat. Genet.
|date=October 2004
|volume=36
|issue=10
|pages=1079–83
|pmid=15361871
|doi=10.1038/ng1421|doi-access=free }}

* {{cite journal
|author1=Fairbrother W.G. |author2=Holste D. |author3=Burge C.B. |author4=Sharp P.A. |title=Single Nucleotide Polymorphism-based Validation of Exonic Splicing Enhancers
|journal=PLOS Biol.
|date=September 2004
|volume=2
|issue=9
|pages=E268
|pmid=15340491
|doi= 10.1371/journal.pbio.0020268
|pmc=514884 |doi-access=free }}

* {{cite journal
|author1=Novina C.D. |author2=Sharp P.A. |title=The RNAi Revolution
|journal=Nature
|date=July 8, 2004
|volume=430
|issue=6996
|pages=161–4
|pmid=15241403|doi=10.1038/430161a
|bibcode=2004Natur.430..161N |s2cid=4341565 }}

* {{cite journal
|author1=Ventura A. |author2=Meissner A. |author3=Dillon C.P. |author4=McManus M. |author5=Sharp P.A. |author6=Van Parijs L. |author7=Jaenisch R. |author8=Jacks T. |title=Cre-lox-regulated Conditional RNA Interference from Transgenes
|journal=Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A
|date=July 13, 2004
|volume=101
|issue=28
|pages=10380–5
|pmid=15240889
|doi=10.1073/pnas.0403954101
|pmc=478580
|bibcode=2004PNAS..10110380V |doi-access=free }}

==See also==
* [[History of RNA biology]]
* [[List of RNA biologists]]
* [[MIT Department of Biology]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{cite web|author=Center for Oral History| title= Phillip A. Sharp |url=https://oh.sciencehistory.org/oral-histories/sharp-phillip-a|website= [[Science History Institute]] }}
* {{cite book|first1= Arnold |last1=Thackray|first2= David C. |last2=Brock|first3= Mona|last3= Ashiya |title=Phillip A. Sharp, Transcript of Interviews Conducted by Arnold Thackray, David C. Brock, and Mona Ashiya at Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge, Massachusetts on 28 January, 29 May, and 20 November 2003 |date=November 20, 2003 |url=https://oh.sciencehistory.org/sites/default/files/sharp_pa_0268_suppl.pdf|place=Philadelphia, PA|publisher=[[Chemical Heritage Foundation]] }}
* {{Nobelprize|name=Phillip A. Sharp}}

{{Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine Laureates 1976–2000}}
{{1993 Nobel Prize winners}}
{{Winners of the National Medal of Science|biological}}
{{Eli Lilly Award in Biological Chemistry}}
{{FRS 2011}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Sharp, Phillip Allen}}
[[Category:1944 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:American geneticists]]
[[Category:American Nobel laureates]]
[[Category:California Institute of Technology faculty]]
[[Category:Members of the European Molecular Biology Organization]]
[[Category:Massachusetts Institute of Technology School of Science faculty]]
[[Category:National Medal of Science laureates]]
[[Category:Nobel laureates in Physiology or Medicine]]
[[Category:People from Pendleton County, Kentucky]]
[[Category:University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign alumni]]
[[Category:Scripps Research]]
[[Category:Union College (Kentucky) alumni]]
[[Category:Members of the United States National Academy of Sciences]]
[[Category:Members of the National Academy of Medicine]]
[[Category:Foreign members of the Royal Society]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Albert Lasker Award for Basic Medical Research]]
[[Category:Members of the American Philosophical Society]]