Editing Picture-in-picture

{{Short description|Display of a video window within another window}}
{{More citations needed|date=May 2024}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=October 2020}}

'''Picture-in-picture''' ('''PiP''') is a feature that can be found in [[television]] receivers, [[personal computer]]s, and [[smartphone]]s. It consists of a video stream playing within an inset window, freeing the rest of the screen for other tasks.

For televisions, picture-in-picture requires two independent [[Tuner (radio)|tuner]]s or signal sources to supply the large and the small picture. Two-tuner PiP TVs have a second tuner built in, but a single-tuner PiP TV requires an external signal source, which may be an external tuner, [[videocassette recorder]], [[DVD player]], or [[cable converter box|cable box]]. Picture-in-picture is often used to watch one program while waiting for another to start or [[advertisement]]s to finish.

==History==
Adding a picture to an existing picture was done long before affordable PiP was available on consumer products. The first PiP was seen on the televised coverage of the [[1976 Summer Olympics]] where a [[Quantel]] digital framestore device was used to insert a close-up picture of the [[Olympic flame]] during the opening ceremony. In 1978 Sharp introduced its TV in TV "Mr.X" (CT-1804 X) in Japan; the export version began in 1979 as "Dualvision" (17D50). In 1980, NEC introduced its "Popvision" television (CV-20T74P) <ref>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dPghCfOew7M</ref> in Japan with a rudimentary picture-aside-picture feature: a separate {{convert|6|in|cm|abbr=on}} CRT and tuner complemented the set's main {{convert|20|in|cm|abbr=on}} screen. Its price was ¥298,000 [[MSRP]], equal to about $1,200 (at $1 = ¥250),<ref>http://research.stlouisfed.org/fred2/data/EXJPUS.txt</ref> and $1,200 in 1980 had the approximate buying power of $3,000 in 2007.<ref>http://data.bls.gov/cgi-bin/cpicalc.pl</ref>

An early consumer implementation of picture-in-picture was the [[Multivision (television technology)|Multivision]] set-top box; it was not a commercial success. Later, PiP became available as a feature of advanced television receivers.

The first widespread consumer implementation of picture-in-picture was produced by [[Philips]] in 1983 in their high-end television sets. A separate [[video]] or RF input was available on the back of the set and displayed in [[black and white]] on one of the four corners of the screen. Televisions at the time were still in analog format, and earlier versions of the PiP implemented in analog were too costly. New digital technology allowed the second video signal to be digitized and saved in a digital memory chip, then replayed in a mini version. While the new technology was not good enough for color or full-screen viewing, it did provide a low-cost PiP feature.

The [[Blu-ray Disc]] and [[HD DVD]] specifications included picture-in-picture, allowing viewers to see content such as the director's commentary on a film they are watching. All the Blu-ray Disc titles in 2006 and 2007 that had a PiP track used two separate HD encodings, with one of the HD encodings including a hard-coded PiP track. Starting in 2008 Blu-ray Disc titles started being released that use one HD and one SD video track which can be combined with a [[BD-J|Bonus View]] or BD-Live player. This method uses less disc space, allowing for PiP to be more easily added to a title. Several studios released Bonus View PiP Blu-ray Disc titles in 2008 such as ''[[Aliens vs. Predator: Requiem]]'', ''[[Resident Evil: Extinction]]'', ''[[V for Vendetta (film)|V for Vendetta]]'', and ''[[War (2007 film)|War]]''.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://bluray.highdefdigest.com/1369/alienvspredatorrequiem.html|title=Aliens vs. Predator: Requiem|publisher=High-Def Digest|author=Peter M. Bracke|date=2008-04-18|access-date=2008-05-18|archive-date=July 26, 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080726170102/http://bluray.highdefdigest.com/1369/alienvspredatorrequiem.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://bluray.highdefdigest.com/1212/residentevilextinction.html|title=Resident Evil: Extinction|publisher=High-Def Digest|author=Joshua Zyber|date=2008-01-07|access-date=2008-05-18|archive-date=March 29, 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080329063723/http://bluray.highdefdigest.com/1212/residentevilextinction.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://bluray.highdefdigest.com/373/vforvendetta.html|title=V for Vendetta|publisher=High-Def Digest|author=Peter M. Bracke|date=2008-05-14|access-date=2008-05-18|archive-date=May 17, 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080517043215/http://bluray.highdefdigest.com/373/vforvendetta.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://bluray.highdefdigest.com/1189/war.html|title=War|publisher=High-Def Digest|author=Kenneth S. Brown|date=2008-01-18|access-date=2008-05-18|archive-date=March 9, 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080309083448/http://bluray.highdefdigest.com/1189/war.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

In 2011, after [[DirecTV]] released the HR34 Home Media Center HD [[Digital video recorder|DVR]], picture-in-picture was introduced to all HD DVR models onwards; The feature has five options: Upper Left, Upper Right, Lower Right, Lower Left, and Side-by-Side.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://blog.solidsignal.com/tutorials/tip-watch-two-programs-time-directv/|title=TIP: Watch two programs at the same time with DIRECTV|last=Sweet|first=Stuart|date=2018-02-04|website=The Solid Signal Blog|language=en-US|access-date=2020-01-05|archive-date=March 21, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200321003739/https://blog.solidsignal.com/tutorials/tip-watch-two-programs-time-directv/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Citation|title=HR34-700 PIP|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vhM4n72J-Vc|language=en|access-date=2020-01-05|archive-date=February 21, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200221013725/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vhM4n72J-Vc&gl=US&hl=en|url-status=live}}</ref>

== Software support ==
Some [[streaming video]] websites may minimize a video stream similarly when browsing outside the playback page. Some web browsers (including [[Google Chrome]], [[Firefox]], and [[Safari (web browser)|Safari]]) provide APIs or similar functions that allow a playing video to be opened in a pop-up overlay atop other applications.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-10-23 |title=Firefox 63 arrives with Enhanced Tracking Protection, search shortcuts, and Picture-in-Picture on Android |url=https://venturebeat.com/2018/10/23/mozilla-firefox-63/ |access-date=2019-04-19 |website=VentureBeat |language=en-US |archive-date=April 19, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190419213921/https://venturebeat.com/2018/10/23/mozilla-firefox-63/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Porter |first=Jon |date=2018-10-19 |title=Chrome 70 brings picture-in-picture support to Windows and Mac |url=https://www.theverge.com/2018/10/19/17999482/chrome-70-picture-video-youtube-android-windows-mac-linux |access-date=2019-04-19 |website=The Verge |archive-date=January 10, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190110184330/https://www.theverge.com/2018/10/19/17999482/chrome-70-picture-video-youtube-android-windows-mac-linux |url-status=live }}</ref>

The [[mobile operating system]]s [[Android (operating system)|Android]] (starting with [[Android 7.0]] for [[Android TV]] devices and [[Android 8.0]] for other devices)<ref>{{Cite web |last=Amadeo |first=Ron |date=2017-09-04 |title=Android 8.0 Oreo, thoroughly reviewed |url=https://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2017/09/android-8-0-oreo-thoroughly-reviewed/6/#h6 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240412041919/https://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2017/09/android-8-0-oreo-thoroughly-reviewed/6/#h6 |archive-date=April 12, 2024 |access-date=2024-05-16 |website=[[Ars Technica]] |language=en-us}}</ref> and [[iOS]] (starting with [[iOS 14]])<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-09-17 |title=iOS 14: How to do Picture in Picture video multitasking on iPhone |url=https://9to5mac.com/2020/09/17/how-to-picture-in-picture-video-iphone-ios-14/ |access-date=2020-09-22 |website=9to5Mac |language=en-US |archive-date=January 28, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210128224040/https://9to5mac.com/2020/09/17/how-to-picture-in-picture-video-iphone-ios-14/ |url-status=live }}</ref> similarly provide native APIs for picture-in-picture overlays.

==References==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Television technology]]
[[Category:Television terminology]]