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Pin compatibility
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{{Short description|Electronics design technique}} {{Use dmy dates|date=January 2024}} {{more citations needed|date=May 2016}} In [[electronics]], '''pin-compatible''' devices are [[electronic component]]s, generally [[integrated circuit]]s or [[expansion card]]s, sharing a common [[Footprint (electronics)|footprint]] and with the same functions assigned or usable on the same [[Lead (electronics)|pin]]s.<ref name="dict-pincompat-define">{{cite web | url=http://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/pin-compatible.html | title=What is pin compatible? definition and meaning | publisher=WebFinance, Inc | work=BusinessDictionary.com | accessdate=4 March 2016}}</ref> Pin compatibility is a property desired by [[systems integrator]]s as it allows a product to be updated without redesigning [[printed circuit board]]s, which can reduce costs and decrease [[time to market]]. Although devices which are pin-compatible share a common footprint, they are not necessarily electrically or thermally compatible. As a result, manufacturers often specify devices as being either ''pin-to-pin'' or ''drop-in'' compatible.<ref name="altera-kb-compatibilitydefinition">{{cite web | url=https://www.altera.com/support/support-resources/knowledge-base/solutions/rd10261999_1469.html | title=What is the difference between pin-to-pin compatibility and drop-in compatibility? | publisher=Altera Corporation | work=Altera Knowledge Center Solution rd10261999_1469 | date=11 December 2012 | accessdate=4 March 2016}}</ref> Pin-compatible devices are generally produced to allow upgrading within a single [[product line]], to allow [[End-of-life (product)|end-of-life]] devices to be replaced with newer equivalents, or to compete with the equivalent products of other manufacturers. == Pin-to-pin compatibility == ''Pin-to-pin compatible'' devices share an assignment of functions to pins, but may have differing electrical characteristics (supply [[voltage]]s, or [[Electronic oscillator|oscillator]] frequencies) or thermal characteristics ([[thermal design power|TDP]]s, [[Thermal profile#Soldering of electronic products|reflow curve]]s, or [[Operating temperature#Ranges|temperature tolerances]]). As a result, their use in a system may require that portions of the system, such as its power delivery subsystem, be adapted to fit the new component. A common example of pin-to-pin compatible devices which may not be electrically compatible are the [[7400 series]] integrated circuits. The 7400 series devices have been produced on a number of different manufacturing processes, but have retained the same [[pinout]]s throughout. For example, all 7405 devices provide six [[NOT gate]]s (or inverters) but may have incompatible supply voltage tolerances. * 7405 β Standard [[Transistor Transistor Logic|TTL]], 4.75β5.25 V. * 74C05 β [[CMOS]], 4β15 V. * 74LV05 β Low-voltage CMOS, 2.0β5.5 V. In other cases, particularly with [[computer]]s, devices may be pin-to-pin compatible but made otherwise incompatible as a result of [[market segmentation]]. For example, [[Skylake (microarchitecture)#Server processors|Intel Skylake]] desktop-class [[Intel Core#Skylake microarchitecture|Core]] and [[Xeon E3 v5|Xeon E3v5]] processors both use the [[LGA 1151]] socket, but [[motherboard]]s using C230-series [[chipset]]s will only be compatible with Xeon-branded processors, and will not work with Core-branded processors.<ref name="intel-ark-i36100-compatibilities">{{cite web | url=http://ark.intel.com/products/90729/Intel-Core-i3-6100-Processor-3M-Cache-3_70-GHz#@compatibility | title=Intel Core i3-6100 Processor (3M Cache, 3.70 GHz) Specifications | publisher=Intel Corporation | accessdate=4 March 2016}}</ref><ref name="intel-brief-e31200v5">{{cite web | url=http://www.intel.co.uk/content/dam/www/public/us/en/documents/product-briefs/xeon-e3-1200v5-brief.pdf | title=Intel Xeon Processor E3-1200 V5 Product Family Brief | publisher=Intel Corporation | accessdate=4 March 2016 | pages=4}}</ref> == Drop-in compatibility == {{see also|Drop-in replacement}} A ''drop-in compatible'' device is a device which may be swapped with another without need to make compensating alterations to the system the device was a part of. The device will have the same functions available on the same pins, and will be electrically and thermally compatible. Such devices may not be an exact match to the devices they can replace. For example, they may have a wider range of supply voltage or temperature tolerances. == Software compatibility == {{see also|Computer compatibility#Software compatibility}} ''Software-compatible'' devices are devices which are able to run the same software to produce the same results without the software having to be modified first. [[Microcontroller]]s, [[Field-programmable gate array|FPGA]]s, and other programmable devices may be pin-to-pin compatible from the perspective of the program on the device, but incompatible in terms of hardware. For example, the device may take the signal on pin X, [[Negation|negate]] it, and output the result on pin Y. If the method of configuring a pin remains the same but the [[Semiconductor package|package]] of the device (such as [[TSSOP]] or [[QFN]]) changes, the program will continue to function but the physical locations of the pins the program works with may change. A device may also be pin-compatible while being software-incompatible. This may occur when the device uses a different [[instruction set]], or if the device has a [[multiplexer]] attached to a pin (which, for example, may allow the switching of the pin between being driven as [[GPIO]] or by an [[A/D]]) and that multiplexer selects, by default, a different input source than is selected on the device being replaced. To ease the use of software-incompatible devices, manufacturers often provide [[hardware abstraction layer]]s. Examples of these include, [[CMSIS]] for [[ARM Cortex-M]] processors and the now-deprecated [[HAL (software)|HAL]] subsystem for [[UNIX-like]] operating systems. ==See also== * [[7400 series]] integrated circuits * [[Programmable logic]] * [[Logic family]] * [[Semiconductor packages]] ==References== {{reflist|colwidth=30em}} ==External links== *[https://web.archive.org/web/20080703214923/http://www.kingswood-consulting.co.uk/giicm/ Giant Internet IC Master Database] β A list of 74'xx series and other generic chip pinouts. [[Category:Integrated circuits]] [[Category:Interoperability]]
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