Editing Pingu

{{Short description|Animated children's television series}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2018}}
{{Infobox television
| image                = Pingu Logo.png
| alt_name             = 
| genre                = {{ubl
  | [[Animated sitcom]]
  | [[Children's television series]]
  | [[Clay animation]]
  | [[Stop motion]]
  | [[Television comedy|Comedy]]
  }}
| creator              = {{ubl
  | [[Otmar Gutmann]]
  | Erika Brueggemann<ref name="Creator-credits" />
  }}
| writer               = {{ubl
  | Erika Brueggemann
  | Silvio Mazzola
  }}
| voices               = {{ubl
  | [[Carlo Bonomi]]
  | [[David Sant]]
  | Marcello Magni
  }}
| composer             = {{ubl
  | Antonio Conde (1990–1994)
  | Andy Benedict (1995–2000)
  | Keith Hopwood (2003–2006)
  }}
| country              = {{ubl
  | Switzerland (original)
  | United Kingdom (revival)
  }}
| language             = 
[[German language|German]] [[Grammelot]]
| num_series           = 6
| num_episodes         = 156 (+1 special)
| list_episodes        = List of Pingu episodes
| executive_producer   = {{ubl
  | Theresa Plummer-Andrews (2003–2006)
  | Jocelyn Stevenson (2003–2006)
  | Christopher Skala (2005–2006)
  }}
| producer             = {{ubl
  | Otmar Gutmann (1990–1993)
  | Seishi Katto (1993–2000)
  | Javier Garcia (1993–2000)
  | Jackie Cockle (2003–2006)
  | Bella Reekie (2003–2006)
  }}
| runtime              = {{ubl
  | 5 minutes
  | 25 minutes (special)
  }}
| company              = {{ubl
  | Pingu Filmstudio{{efn|Formerly known as Trickfilmstudio Otmar Gutmann for series 1–2.}} (original)
  | [[Hot Animation]] (revival)|[[HIT Entertainment]] (revival)<!-- 
  | {{hlist|[[Mattel Television]]|[[Aardman Animations]]}} (second revival) — it’s unknown if it will be a full revival of the original or a separate show like "In the City". -->
  }}
| network              = [[Schweizer Fernsehen|SF DRS]] (Switzerland)<br>[[ZDF]] (Germany)<!-- Per Template:Infobox television, Channel parameter is for the original broadcast channel, not international rebroadcast. While ZDF is based in Germany, the broadcaster was one of the co-commissioners and is credited on the end card.-->
| first_aired          = {{Start date|df=y|1990|03|07}}
| last_aired           = {{End date|df=y|2000|04|09}}
| network2             = [[CBeebies]]
| first_aired2         = {{Start date|df=y|2003|08|1}}
| last_aired2          = {{End date|df=y|2006|03|03}}
| related              = {{ubl|''[[Pingu in the City]]''}}
}}

'''''Pingu''''' is a Swiss British Australian [[stop motion]] animated children's television series originally produced in Switzerland. It was co-created by [[Otmar Gutmann]] and Erika Brueggemann.<ref name="Creator-credits">{{Cite AV media |url=https://youtube.com/watch?v=tdGdwLlovc4&t=1 |title=Pingu ''season 5 end credits'' |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211212/tdGdwLlovc4 |archive-date=2021-12-12 |url-status=live |quote=Originated by: Otmar Gutmann and Erika Brueggemann}}{{cbignore}}</ref> It centres on the titular anthropomorphic [[emperor penguin]] and his family, who live in the [[South Pole]]. The series aired on [[SF DRS]] for four series from 7 March 1990 to 9 April 2000, and was produced by the Swiss animation studio Pingu Filmstudio; with Swiss toy company Editoy AG, and later on, Pingu BV handling [[Intellectual property|IP]] ownership of the series.

The series has been popular outside of Switzerland, particularly in the United Kingdom, Australia and Japan, in part due to its lack of a real spoken language. Nearly all dialogue is in an invented [[grammelot]] "penguin language" referred to as 'Penguinese' or 'Pinguish',<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Stevens |first=Dana |date=1 February 2008 |title=The March of the Pingu |url=http://www.slate.com/articles/arts/television/2008/02/the_march_of_the_pingu.html |journal=Slate |access-date=22 May 2017}}</ref> consisting of babbling, muttering, and the titular character's characteristic sporadic honking sound, which can be popularly recognized as "Noot noot!" or other variants<!-- (stated to be "Noo, noo!" by the defunct Pingu website's trivia page)-->,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Pingu Fact #5 (viewable in webpage source code) |url=http://www.pingu.net/uk/pingu-facts.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070202203656/http://www.pingu.net/uk/pingu-facts.htm |archive-date=2 February 2007}}</ref> accompanied by turning his beak into a megaphone-like shape.<ref name="guardian_interview">{{Cite web |last1=Dickson |first1=Andrew |last2=Beaumont-Thomas |first2=Ben |date=11 January 2016 |title=How we made Pingu |url=https://www.theguardian.com/tv-and-radio/2016/jan/11/how-we-made-pingu-childrens-tv-animation |access-date=27 June 2018 |website=[[The Guardian]]}}</ref> In the first four series, all the characters were performed by Italian voice actor [[Carlo Bonomi]], using a language of sounds he had already developed and used earlier for [[Osvaldo Cavandoli]]'s ''[[La Linea (TV series)|La Linea]]''. 

After British children's company [[HIT Entertainment]] purchased Pingu BV in 2001, they produced a revival run of Pingu for two additional series in the [[United Kingdom]] and [[Australia]] through their in-house studio [[Hot Animation]], which aired on [[CBeebies]] from 1{{nbsp}}August 2003 to 3{{nbsp}}March 2006. It was nominated for a [[British Academy Film Awards|BAFTA award]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=2005 Children's Pre-School Animation |url=http://awards.bafta.org/award/2005/childrens/pre-school-animation |access-date=2022-08-13 |website=awards.bafta.org}}</ref> in 2005. The characters were jointly voiced by [[David Sant]] and Marcello Magni.<ref name="guardian_interview" /> A computer-animated revival series with two seasons produced in Japan for [[NHK]], entitled ''[[Pingu in the City]]'', aired from 7{{nbsp}}October 2017 to 30{{nbsp}}March 2019. A third revival series, being animated in stop-motion like the original, is currently under development at [[Mattel Television]] and [[Aardman Animations]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Aardman and Mattel to co-develop Pingu animated TV series |url=https://www.aardman.com/latest-news/2024/october/aardman-and-mattel-to-co-develop-pingu-animated-tv-series/ |access-date=2024-10-25 |website=app-aardman-cms-prod.azurewebsites.net |language=en}}</ref><ref name="revival">{{Cite news |title=Mattel and Aardman bring back Pingu |url=https://kidscreen.com/2024/10/22/mattel-and-aardman-bring-back-pingu/ |access-date=2024-11-11}}</ref>

The IP rights to Pingu are currently held by an entity owned by HIT/Mattel named Joker, Inc., which is usually called through its trade name "The Pygos Group" on copyright and trademark notices related to the ''Pingu'' property.

==Storyline==
{{main|List of Pingu episodes}}
{{:List of Pingu episodes}}

The program is set in [[Antarctica]] and focuses around penguin families living and working in [[igloo]]s. The main character, Pingu, belongs to one such family. He frequently goes on adventures with his little sister, Pinga, and often gets into mischief with his best friend, Robby, and his love interest, Pingi.

==Production history==
In 1984, Erika Brueggemann was working at [[Schweizer Fernsehen]] (the German-speaking division of [[SRG SSR]]) when she was introduced to animator [[Otmar Gutmann]]. Gutmann pitched a [[clay animation]] show starring [[sea lion]]s who crawled around in a funny way. Erika Brueggemann liked the idea of a clay cartoon character, but she preferred the clay penguins that Gutmann had made. She suggested that the main character should walk upright like a human and asked, "Why not a penguin?"<ref name="Brueggemann-interview">{{Cite web |date=April 2004 |title=Erika Brüggemann, langjährige Redaktorin im Kinder- und Jugendprogramm, über "Pingu" |url=https://medien.srf.ch/documents/20142/3708308/Jubi_LIVE_B4.pdf#page=12 |language=German}}</ref>

Brueggemann's colleague, Guido Steiger, agreed with her idea. Gutmann was not immediately convinced, since he had already created many sea lion characters out of [[plasticine]], but he eventually pushed forward with the penguin idea too. According to Erika Brueggemann, she gave "countless demonstrations on my part about how 'my' penguin had to move and act".<ref name="Brueggemann-interview" /> From this framework, Brueggemann, Gutmann and their team created a seven-minute pilot, "Pingu: Eine Geschichte Für Kinder Im Vorschulalter", which was finished in 1986.

The pilot was screened at the 1987 [[Berlin Film Festival]], where it won the Kleiner Baer award.<ref>{{Cite web |date=20 October 1993 |title=Obituary: Otmar Gutmann |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/obituary-otmar-gutmann-1512111.html |website=[[Independent.co.uk]]}}</ref> Its positive reception persuaded the director of Schweizer Fernsehen, {{ill|Ulrich Kündig|de}}, to commission an entire series of ''Pingu'' cartoons.

The series began production in 1988 and started airing on [[SF DRS]] from 1990–2000, originally consisting of 104 five-minute episodes and [[Pingu at the Wedding Party|one special 25-minute episode]]. The original stories were written by Brueggemann and Guido Steiger,<ref name="Brueggemann-interview" /> and some of the later stories were written by [[Silvio Mazzola]]. These episodes were animated at [[Otmar Gutmann|Trickfilmstudio]] in [[Russikon]], Switzerland.<ref name="FAQ">{{Cite web |title=Frequently Asked Questions about Pingu |url=http://www.geocities.com/EnchantedForest/5681/pinguFAQ.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080310140008/http://www.geocities.com/EnchantedForest/5681/pinguFAQ.html |archive-date=10 March 2008 |access-date=21 July 2007}}</ref> In the styling of voices, a [[Retroscripting|retroscript]] was chosen, and all voices were performed by Italian voice actor [[Carlo Bonomi]] without a script, using a language of noises he had already developed and used for [[Osvaldo Cavandoli]]'s ''[[La Linea (TV series)|La Linea]]''.<ref name="heart">{{Cite web |title=The Man Who Voiced Pingu Looks COMPLETELY Different to How We Imagined - Entertainment - Heart Radio |url=http://www.heart.co.uk/showbiz/where-are-they-now/man-who-voiced-pingu/#JMdvHRElB0oOMck5.97 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170202053052/http://www.heart.co.uk/showbiz/where-are-they-now/man-who-voiced-pingu/#JMdvHRElB0oOMck5.97 |archive-date=February 2, 2017 |access-date=December 31, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=14 September 2016 |title=The man who voiced Pingu is NOT what we expected |url=https://www.her.ie/amp/entertainment/the-man-who-voiced-pingu-is-not-what-we-expected-311321 |website=Her.ie}}</ref><ref name="History Press" /><ref name="carlobonomi" /> This feature enabled people of diverse linguistic backgrounds to follow the story.<ref name="History Press">{{Cite book |last=Wahlgren |first=Yens |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OXkLEAAAQBAJ&dq=Carlo+Bonomi+pingu+linea&pg=PT23 |title=The Universal Translator |date=2 February 2021 |publisher=[[The History Press]] |isbn=978-0-7509-9592-4 |language=en}}</ref><ref name="carlobonomi">{{Cite web |last=Thorne |first=Tony |title=Pingu's Lingo, or How to Get By in Penguinese |url=https://www.kcl.ac.uk/study/assets/word/english-language-centre/tony-thorne/pinguslingo.doc}}</ref>

In 1993, [[David Hasselhoff]] released a single titled "Pingu Dance", a [[hip hop music|rap]] song (in Switzerland only) based on the ''Pingu'' shorts and featuring samples of Penguinese. A portion of the song is used as the theme to ''Pingu'' in the third and fourth series, as well as the re-dubs of the first two series. It was also heard in the re-dubbed version of the episode "Pingu Looks After the Egg" (retitled "Pingu Helps with Incubating"), replacing the "[[Woodpeckers from Space]]" song from the original version.

A special 25-minute episode, ''[[Pingu at the Wedding Party]]'', was also produced in 1997 and introduced a family of green penguins.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Pingu Family at the Wedding Party |url=http://www.abc.net.au/tv/programs/pingu-family-at-the-wedding-party/ |website=ABC Television}}</ref>

===HIT Entertainment buyout===
On 29{{nbsp}}October 2001, [[HIT Entertainment]] bought the rights to the series, including the original 104 episodes and the wedding special, for £15.9 million.<ref>{{Cite news |date=29 October 2001 |title=Pingu sold for £16m |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/business/1626014.stm |access-date=21 July 2007 |work=Business |publisher=BBC News}}</ref> HIT later revived the show and produced a further 52 episodes from 2003–2006. These episodes were animated through stop motion like the original, but used resin casts of the original clay puppets, which had deteriorated by this time.<ref>{{Cite web |last=HIT Entertainment PLC |date=14 October 2002 |title=HIT Entertainment PLC Announces Record Year End 2002 Results |url=http://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/hit-entertainment-plc-announces-record-year-end-2002-results-76228802.html |website=prnewswire.com}}</ref>

The HIT Entertainment episodes were made by a completely new team at [[HOT Animation]], but co-creator Erika Brueggemann still traveled to the company's headquarters in the United Kingdom to check on production. At the time, she said, "Last year a production company from England bought everything... I traveled to Manchester last summer and met their highly motivated team who worked with great commitment, humor and responsibility towards children. I think Pingu is in good hands now."<ref name="Brueggemann-interview" />

Contrary to some sources, there was never any CGI used in these later episodes. When HIT Entertainment bought the rights, [[Carlo Bonomi]] was replaced with new voice actors Marcello Magni and [[David Sant]].<ref name="Irish Examiner">{{Cite web |date=August 17, 2003 |title=Pingu gets new voice |url=https://www.irishexaminer.com/lifestyle/arid-30109988.html |website=Irish Examiner}}</ref><ref name="guardian_interview" /> Magni and Sant, Italian and Spanish actors based in London, both had mime and clowning backgrounds and were already aware of the clown language [[grammelot]], on which the penguin language was based.<ref name="guardian_interview" />

In February 2012, [[Mattel]] acquired Pingu through its purchase of HIT Entertainment which was rebranded to [[Mattel Television]] shortly after.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Adler |first=Tim |date=24 October 2011 |title=Mattel Buys A $680M Ticket For Thomas The Tank Engine With HIT Entertainment Deal |url=https://deadline.com/2011/10/mattel-buys-a-680m-ticket-for-thomas-186064/ |access-date=21 October 2024 |website=[[Deadline Hollywood|Deadline]]}}</ref>

===Japanese popularity and ''Pingu in the City''===
{{Main|Pingu in the City}}

From its debut in the country in 1992, ''Pingu'' became well known in Japan. According to writer Silvio Mazzola in 1996, ''Pingu'' was most popular with high-school girls, with over 90% of Japanese girls aged 13–17 knowing about it.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Frequently Asked Questions about Pingu |url=http://www.geocities.ws/enchantedforest/5681/pinguFAQ.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200810211044/http://www.geocities.ws/enchantedforest/5681/pinguFAQ.html |archive-date=10 August 2020}}</ref> In 2020, an exhibition event commemorating the 40th anniversary of the original "Hugo" animation was held in Tokyo.<ref>{{Cite web |date=24 June 2020 |title=日本初公開の貴重な資料や当時のクレイ人形も展示！ピングーの魅力が詰まった「ピングー展」詳細決定！2020年8月12日(水)～8月24日(月) |url=https://www.atpress.ne.jp/news/216472}}</ref> ''Pingu'' currently airs as part of NHK's children's program ''Nyanchu's World'', and also on [[Cartoon Network (Japanese TV channel)|Cartoon Network Japan]]. Various merchandise exclusive to the country has been created, including tie-in toys with [[KFC]] and [[Mister Donut]], as well as various video games.

A Japanese-produced reboot of the series, titled {{Nihongo foot|''Pingu in the City''|ピングー in ザ・シティ|Pingū in za Shiti|post=,}} was announced in 2017. It premiered on [[NHK-E]] on 7{{nbsp}}October 2017. Unlike its previous series, it is [[computer-animated]], and features Pingu and his family moving to a big city. Each episode involves Pingu attempting to help out anyone there with their jobs, although he usually messes it up. The series was produced by [[Polygon Pictures]] in the same style of the original stop motion series through computer animation.<ref>{{Cite web |date=4 September 2017 |title=ピングー：新作テレビアニメは初のオールCg ポリゴン・ピクチュアズ制作 |url=https://mantan-web.jp/article/20170904dog00m200016000c.html}}</ref> It was directed by Naomi Iwata and written by both Kimiko Ueno and Shigenori Tanabe, with music done by Ken Arai.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Polygon Pictures Makes New Anime for Swiss Character Pingu |url=http://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2017-09-04/polygon-pictures-makes-new-anime-for-swiss-character-pingu/.120931 |access-date=7 October 2017 |website=Anime News Network |language=en}}</ref> It features voices by [[Ryota Iwasaki]] and Fumiya Tanaka, in a similar style to Carlo Bonomi, David Sant, and Marcello Magni.

===Second revival===
On 21{{nbsp}}October 2024, it was announced that a remake of the series was being co-developed by [[Aardman Animations]] and [[Mattel Television]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ford |first=Lily |date=2024-10-21 |title=Mattel and 'Chicken Run' Studio Aardman Team Up on Stop-Motion, Animated 'Pingu' Series |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/tv/tv-news/mattel-aardman-chicken-run-pingu-show-tv-animation-1236040137/ |access-date=2024-12-12 |website=The Hollywood Reporter |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-10-22 |title=Wallace and Gromit makers to create new Pingu series |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/newsround/articles/clylyrppp80o |access-date=2024-12-12 |website=BBC Newsround |language=en-GB}}</ref>

==Reception==
''Pingu'' has received mostly positive reviews. [[Common Sense Media]] gave it 4 out of 5 stars, stating: "Parents need to know that this claymation series is funny, endearing, and entertaining. Although [it] is appropriate for all ages, the plots might be difficult for the youngest viewers to follow".<ref>{{Cite web |date=19 May 2006 |title=Pingu – TV Review |url=https://www.commonsensemedia.org/tv-reviews/pingu |access-date=22 May 2017}}</ref> According to a 2008 ''[[Slate (magazine)|Slate]]'' article, the series is "an international sensation", but still remains obscure among American audiences.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Stevens |first=Dana |date=February 2008 |title=When will America embrace Pingu? |url=https://slate.com/culture/2008/02/when-will-america-embrace-pingu.html |journal=Slate}}</ref>

==Notes==
{{Notelist}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{Spoken Wikipedia|date=2025-03-03|En-Pingu-article-1277358076.ogg}}
* {{IMDb title}}

{{Pingu}}
{{Mattel}}

[[Category:Pingu| ]]
[[Category:1980s Swiss television series]]
[[Category:1986 Swiss television series debuts]]
[[Category:1990 animated television series debuts]]
[[Category:1990s preschool education television series]]
[[Category:1990s Swiss television series]]
[[Category:2000s British animated television series]]
[[Category:2000s British children's television series]]
[[Category:2000s preschool education television series]]
[[Category:2000s Swiss television series]]
[[Category:2003 British television series debuts]]
[[Category:Animated television series about families]]
[[Category:Animated television series about penguins]]
[[Category:Animated television series set in Antarctica]]
[[Category:Animated television series without speech]]
[[Category:Anthropomorphic penguins]]
[[Category:BBC children's television shows]]
[[Category:British animated television series]]
[[Category:British stop-motion animated television series]]
[[Category:British television series revived after cancellation]]
[[Category:Censored television series]]
[[Category:Child characters in animation]]
[[Category:Child characters in television]]
[[Category:Children's animated comedy television series]]
[[Category:Claymation television series]]
[[Category:Culture of Switzerland]]
[[Category:Fictional penguins]]
[[Category:Macaronic language]]
[[Category:Male characters in animation]]
[[Category:Male characters in television]]
[[Category:Swiss animated television series]]
[[Category:Swiss children's television series]]
[[Category:Television series by Mattel Television]]