Editing Pinus strobiformis

{{Short description|Species of conifer}}
{{Speciesbox
| image = Pinus strobiformis, Desmoronado, Jalisco, Mexico 1.jpg
| image_caption = ''Pinus strobiformis'' in Jalisco, Mexico
| status = LC
| status_system = IUCN3.1
| status_ref = <ref name="iucn status 20 November 2021">{{cite iucn |author=Farjon, A. |date=2013 |title=''Pinus strobiformis'' |volume=2013 |page=e.T42416A2978637 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2013-1.RLTS.T42416A2978637.en |access-date=20 November 2021}}</ref>
| display_parents = 3
| genus = Pinus
| parent = Pinus subsect. Strobus
| species = strobiformis
| authority = [[George Engelmann|Engelm.]]
| synonyms = ''Pinus ayacahuite'' var. ''strobiformis'' <small>(Engelm.) Lemmon</small><br>''Pinus ayacahuite'' var. ''brachyptera'' <small>Shaw</small><br>''Pinus ayacahuite'' var. ''novogaliciana'' <small>Carvajal</small><ref name=POWO1/>
| range_map =  Pinus strobiformis range map.jpg
| range_map_caption = Natural range (green), with the closely related ''[[Pinus stylesii]]'' (orange), and ''[[Pinus reflexa]]'' (blue)
}}

'''''Pinus strobiformis''''', also known as '''Chihuahua white pine''', is a medium-sized [[Pinus classification|white pine]] tree [[endemism|endemic]] to western [[Mexico]] in the [[Sierra Madre Occidental]] mountain range. It is typically a high-elevation pine growing mixed with other [[conifers]] in [[montane forest]]. It was formerly considered conspecific with ''[[Pinus reflexa]]'' (southwestern white pine) of the southwestern United States and ''[[Pinus stylesii]]'' of northeastern Mexico, but is now treated as distinct from these.<ref name="POWO1">{{cite web | title=''Pinus strobiformis'' Engelm. | website=Plants of the World Online | url=https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:197099-2 | access-date=2024-11-17}}</ref><ref name="POWO2">{{cite web | title=''Pinus reflexa'' (Engelm.) Engelm. | website=Plants of the World Online | url=https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:197082-2 | access-date=2024-11-17}}</ref><ref name="POWO3">{{cite web | title=''Pinus stylesii'' Frankis ex Businský | website=Plants of the World Online | url=https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77091065-1 | access-date=2024-11-17}}</ref>

==Description==
[[File:Pinus strobiformis, Madera, Chihuahua, Mexico 4.jpg|left|thumb|Cone, at Madera, Chihuahua, Mexico]]
''Pinus strobiformis'', a member of the [[Pinus classification|white pine]] group, ''[[Pinus]]'' subgenus ''[[Strobus]]'', is a straight, slender tree growing to {{convert|30|m}} (rarely {{convert|40|m}}) tall and {{convert|1|m}} in diameter. The [[bark (botany)|bark]] is smooth and silvery-grey on young trees, aging to furrowed and red-brown or dark grey-brown. The branches are spreading and ascending. The twigs are slender, pale red-brown, aging to smooth grey or grey-brown. The buds are ellipsoid, red-brown, and resinous. The [[Leaf|leaves]] (needles) are five per bundle ([[Fascicle (botany)|fascicle]]), spreading, 8–14&nbsp;cm long, 0.6-1.0&nbsp;mm in diameter, straight, slightly twisted, pliant, dark green to blue-green, and persist 3–5 years. The upper surfaces (adaxial, facing the centre of the fascicle) is conspicuously whitened by narrow [[stomatal]] lines. The lower surfaces (abaxial, the outer face away from the centre of the leaf fascicle) are without evident stomatal lines. The margins are sharp, razorlike and finely serrulate, apex narrowly acute to short-subulate. Each fascicle has a [[deciduous]] [[leaf sheath|sheath]] 1.5-2.0&nbsp;cm long which is shed early.

The cones are very large, 16–50&nbsp;cm long and 9–11&nbsp;cm broad, and have scales with a very characteristic prolonged and often recurved or S-shaped apex. The seeds are large, and with a very short wing; they are dispersed mainly by [[bird]]s, particularly the [[Mexican jay]].

==Distribution==
It is native to Mexico in the [[Sierra Madre Occidental]] mountains, from a short distance south of the [[US–Mexico border]] south through [[Chihuahua (state)|Chihuahua]] and [[Durango]] to [[Jalisco]].<ref name="POWO1"/>  The pine rarely appears in pure strands, but grows along with other native conifers, such as [[Pinus durangensis|Durango pine]] ''Pinus durangensis'', [[Pinus arizonica|Arizona pine]] ''Pinus arizonica'', [[Populus tremuloides|American aspen]] ''Populus tremuloides'', [[Abies durangensis|Durango fir]] ''Abies durangensis'', [[Pseudotsuga menziesii|Douglas-fir]] ''Pseudotsuga menziesii'', and the Mexican [[subspecies]] of [[Picea engelmannii|Engelmann's spruce]] ''Picea engelmannii'' subsp. ''mexicana''. It is a drought tolerant tree but greater populations grow on moist and cool places living in association with other pines.

<!-- ==Uses==
The southwestern white pine can be grown as a [[Christmas tree]], [[windbreak]] tree, or an ornamental tree. It is popular as a replacement in drier areas for the eastern white pine. It can be used in cabinet making, but it is poor as a lumber tree.<ref name="USDA">{{cite web |title=Pinus strobiformis |url=http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/plants/tree/pinsto/all.html |work=Fire Effects Information System |publisher=USDA Forest Service |access-date=25 July 2013}}</ref>  The seeds were used as a food by Native Americans in the present day [[southwestern United States]].<ref>{{cite book |last=Whitney |first=Stephen |title=Western Forests (The Audubon Society Nature Guides) |date=1985 |publisher=Knopf |location=New York |isbn=0-394-73127-1 |page=[https://archive.org/details/westernforests00whit/page/356 356] |url=https://archive.org/details/westernforests00whit/page/356}}</ref> [references cited cover P. strobiformis sensu Sudworth non Engelmann, = P. reflexa]  -->

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons category}}
*[http://www.pinetum.org/cones/PNStrobus.htm ''Pinus strobiformis'' Cone photos; compare also ''Pinus reflexa'' and ''Pinus flexilis'' (scroll ¼ way down page)]
*[http://www.pinetum.org/articles/Pinus/PNstylesiiFrankis2009.pdf Article describing differences from ''Pinus reflexa'' and ''Pinus stylesii'']

{{Taxonbar|from=Q2746153}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Pinus|strobiformis]]
[[Category:Trees of Northern America|Pinus strobiformis]]
[[Category:Edible nuts and seeds]]
[[Category:Plants used in Native American cuisine]]
[[Category:Least concern flora of North America|Pinus strobiformis]]
[[Category:Flora of the Sierra Madre Occidental]]