Editing Pinus tabuliformis

{{Short description|Species of conifer}}
{{Speciesbox
| image = PinusTabulaeformis4.jpg
| status = LC
| status_system = IUCN3.1
| status_ref = <ref name="iucn status 12 November 2021">{{cite iucn |author=Farjon, A. |date=2013 |title=''Pinus tabuliformis'' |volume=2013 |page=e.T42419A2978916 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2013-1.RLTS.T42419A2978916.en |access-date=12 November 2021}}</ref>
| genus = Pinus
| display_parents = 3
| parent = Pinus subsect. Pinus
| species = tabuliformis
| authority = [[Elie-Abel Carrière|Carr.]]
}}

'''''Pinus tabuliformis''''', also called '''Chinese red pine''',<ref name="iucn status 12 November 2021"/> '''Manchurian red pine''',<ref>{{Cite book|url=http://www.forest.go.kr/kna/special/download/English_Names_for_Korean_Native_Plants.pdf|title=English Names for Korean Native Plants|publisher=[[Korea National Arboretum]]|year=2015|isbn=978-89-97450-98-5|location=Pocheon|pages=575|access-date=17 December 2016|via=[[Korea Forest Service]]|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170525105020/http://www.forest.go.kr/kna/special/download/English_Names_for_Korean_Native_Plants.pdf|archive-date=25 May 2017}}</ref> or '''Southern Chinese pine'''<ref>{{PLANTS|id=PITA4|taxon=Pinus tabuliformis|accessdate=5 October 2015}}</ref> is a [[pine]] native to northern [[China]] and northern [[Korea]].

==Description==
''Pinus tabuliformis'' is a medium-sized [[evergreen]] [[tree]] growing to {{Convert|20–30|m|abbr=off}} tall, with a flat-topped crown when mature. The growth rate is fast when young, but slows with age. The grey-brown [[Bark (botany)|bark]] fissures at an early age compared to other trees. The broadly spreading shape is very pronounced, in part due to the long [[horizontal plane|horizontal]] branching pattern.

The needle-like [[leaf|leaves]] are shiny grey-green, {{Convert|10–17|cm|abbr=off|frac=4}} long and {{Convert|1.5|mm|frac=16}} broad, usually in pairs but occasionally in threes at the tips of strong shoots on young trees. The [[conifer cone|cones]] are green, ripening brown about 20 months after pollination, broad ovoid, {{Convert|4–6|cm|abbr=on|frac=8}} long, with broad scales, each scale with a small prickle. The [[seed]]s are {{Convert|6–7|mm|abbr=on|frac=32}} long with a {{Convert|15–20|mm|abbr=on|frac=16}} wing, and are wind-[[Biological dispersal|dispersed]].

{{gallery|mode=packed
|Pinus tabuliformis Shang Ning.jpg|Foliage and cone
|Pinus tabuliformis Hua Shan3.jpg|In [[Hua Shan]], [[Shaanxi]]
|CekCung.jpg|In [[Badaling]], [[Hebei]]
|后石坞古松 - Ancient Pines in Houshiwu Scenic Area - 2012.07 - panoramio.jpg|In [[Tai'an]], [[Shandong]]
}}

=== Varieties ===
There are two [[variety (botany)|varieties]]:
*''Pinus tabuliformis'' var. ''tabuliformis''. China, except for Liaoning. Broadest cone scales under 15&nbsp;mm broad.
*''Pinus tabuliformis'' var. ''mukdensis''. Liaoning, North Korea. Broadest cone scales over 15&nbsp;mm broad.

Some botanists also treat the closely related Henry's pine (''[[Pinus henryi]]'') and Sikang pine (''[[Pinus densata]]'') as varieties of Chinese red pine; in some older texts even the very distinct Yunnan pine (''[[Pinus yunnanensis]]'') is included as a variety.

==Taxonomy==
In some older texts the name is spelled "''Pinus tabulaeformis''".<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=Li |first=Hui-Lin |title=The Origin and Cultivation of Shade and Ornamental Trees |publisher=[[University of Pennsylvania Press]] |year=1974 |isbn=0-8122-1070-0 |location=Pennsylvania, United States |pages=201, 202, 205 |language=en}}</ref>

The [[specific epithet]], ''tabuliformis'' ('table-shaped'), refers to the species' flat-topped crown.

==Distribution and habitat==
The species can be found in northern [[China]] from [[Liaoning]] west to [[Inner Mongolia]] and [[Gansu]], and south to [[Shandong]], [[Henan]] and [[Shaanxi]], as well as northern [[Korea]].

==Uses==
The [[wood]] is used for general [[construction]]. The pulpwood produces certain [[resin]]s that are used as artificial [[vanilla]] flavouring ([[vanillin]]). The resin is also used to make [[turpentine]] and related products, and is used [[medicinal]]ly to treat a variety [[Respiration (physiology)|respiratory]] and internal ailments, such as [[kidney]] and [[Urinary bladder|bladder]] upsets, [[wound]]s, and [[ulcer (dermatology)|sore]]s. The bark is a source of [[tannin]]. Medicinal use of the pine needles also takes place, which also contain a natural [[insecticide]], as well as a source for a [[dye]].{{citation needed|date=August 2019}} The needles are used to brew [[pine needle tea]] (''sollip-cha'').<ref name="SKLD">{{Cite web|url=http://stdweb2.korean.go.kr/search/View.jsp?idx=194142|title=sollip-cha|website=[[Standard Korean Language Dictionary]]|publisher=[[National Institute of Korean Language]]|language=ko|script-title=ko:솔잎차|access-date=9 June 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180225064945/http://stdweb2.korean.go.kr/search/View.jsp?idx=194142|archive-date=25 February 2018|url-status=dead}}</ref>

In the ancient Chinese [[Zhou dynasty]], P. tabuliformis was an official memorial tree, being planted on temple grounds, and in graveyards near the tombs of kings.<ref name=":0" />

It has been widely used for [[Afforestation in China|afforestation]] in Northwest China.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Hu |first1=Yanting |last2=Tian |first2=Qing |last3=Zhang |first3=Jinxia |last4=Benoy |first4=Glenn |last5=Badreldin |first5=Nasem |last6=Xing |first6=Zisheng |last7=Luo |first7=Zhuzhu |last8=Zhang |first8=Fu |date=2022-07-08 |editor-last=Liu |editor-first=Chun |title=Effectiveness of Chinese pine (Pinus tabulaeformis) plantation at reducing runoff and erosion rates in Anjiagou Watershed in Semi-arid Region of Gansu, China |journal=PLOS ONE |language=en |volume=17 |issue=7 |pages=e0271200 |doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0271200 |doi-access=free |issn=1932-6203 |pmc=9269950 |pmid=35802737|bibcode=2022PLoSO..1771200H }}</ref>

Its cultivation is uncommon outside of China, grown only in [[botanical garden]]s.

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons category|Pinus tabuliformis}}
*[http://www.pinetum.org/cones/PNPinus.htm Photos of cones (scroll half-way down)]
*[http://www.pinetum.org/sp/PNtabuliformis.htm Photos of foliage]
*[http://www.pfaf.org/database/plants.php?Pinus+tabuliformis&CAN=WIKIPEDIA Plants for a future – uses]

{{Taxonbar|from=Q1073968}}

[[Category:Pinus|Tabuliformis]]
[[Category:Trees of China]]
[[Category:Flora of Korea]]
[[Category:Taxa named by Élie-Abel Carrière]]