Editing Plane Crazy

{{short description|1929 film directed by Walt Disney and Ub Iwerks}}
{{For|the game|Plane Crazy (video game){{!}}''Plane Crazy'' (video game)}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=October 2020}}
{{Infobox film
| name           = Plane Crazy
| image          = Plane Crazy 1928 Poster.jpg
| alt            = 
| caption        = Theatrical release poster
| director       = {{plainlist|
* [[Walt Disney]]
* [[Ub Iwerks]]
}}
| producer       = Walt Disney
| story          = {{plainlist|
* Walt Disney
* Ub Iwerks
}}
| music          = [[Carl W. Stalling]]
| animator       = Ub Iwerks
| layout_artist  = 
| starring       = Walt Disney
| background_artist = 
| studio         = [[Walt Disney Animation Studios|Walt Disney Studio]]
| distributor    = [[Pat Powers (producer)|Pat Powers]] (Celebrity Productions)
| released       = {{Film date|1928|5|15|test screening|1929|3|17|wide release|ref2=<ref name="LJ1999" /><ref name="BM1999" />}}
| color_process  = Black and white
| runtime        = 5:56 <small>(one reel)</small><ref>[https://mubi.com/films/plane-crazy MUBI]</ref>
| country        = United States
| language       = English
}}
'''''Plane Crazy''''' is a 1929 American animated [[short film]] directed by [[Walt Disney]] and [[Ub Iwerks]]. The cartoon, released by the [[Walt Disney Animation Studios|Walt Disney Studios]], is the first finished project<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=McGowan |first=Andrew |date=2023-04-05 |title=Mickey Mouse’s Debut Wasn't in 'Steamboat Willie' — It Was in This |url=https://collider.com/mickey-mouse-short-plane-crazy/ |access-date=2024-09-21 |website=Collider |language=en}}</ref> to feature appearances of [[Mickey Mouse]] and [[Minnie Mouse]], and was originally a [[silent film]]. It was given a test screening to a theater audience and potential [[Film distributor|distributors]] on May 15, 1928.<ref name=":0" /> An executive from [[Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer]] saw the film, but the film failed to pick up a distributor. Later that year, Disney released Mickey's first sound cartoon, ''[[Steamboat Willie]]'', which was an enormous success; ''Plane Crazy'' was officially released as a sound cartoon on March 17, 1929.<ref name="LJ1999">{{cite book |last1=Lenburg |first1=Jeff |title=The Encyclopedia of Animated Cartoons |date=1999 |publisher=Checkmark Books |isbn=0-8160-3831-7 |access-date=June 6, 2020 |url=https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780816038312/page/107/mode/2up |pages=107–109}}</ref><ref name="BM1999">{{Cite book|title=Hollywood cartoons: American animation in its golden age|last=Barrier|first=Michael|publisher=[[Oxford University Press]]|year=1999|isbn=9780195167290|pages= 49}}</ref> It was the fourth Mickey film to be given a wide release after ''Steamboat Willie'', ''[[The Gallopin' Gaucho]]'' and ''[[The Barn Dance]]'' (1929).

== Plot ==
[[File:Plane Crazy (1929) with sound.webm|thumb|thumbtime=4:18|The sound cartoon version.|left]]
Mickey is trying to fly an airplane to imitate [[Charles Lindbergh]]. After building his own airplane, he does a flight simulation to ensure that the plane is safe for flight, but the flight fails, destroying the plane. Using a roadster, a turkey's tail and the remains of his plane to create a new plane, he asks his girlfriend Minnie to join him for its first flight after she presents him with a horseshoe for good luck. They take an out-of-control flight with exaggerated, impossible situations. [[Clarabelle Cow]] briefly "rides" the aircraft.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://weirdspace.dk/Disney/ClarabelleCow.htm|title=Clarabelle Cow (From Disney) - WeirdSpace}}</ref>

Once he regains control of the plane, he repeatedly tries to kiss Minnie. When she refuses, he uses force: he breaks her concentration and terrifies her by throwing her out of the airplane, catching her with the airplane, and he uses this to kiss her. Minnie responds by slapping Mickey and [[parachute]]s out of the plane using her [[bloomers (clothing)|bloomers]]. While distracted by her, Mickey loses control of the plane and eventually crashes into a tree. Minnie then lands, and Mickey laughs at her exposed bloomers. Minnie then storms off, rebuffing him. Mickey then angrily throws the good luck horseshoe given to him by Minnie, and it boomerangs around a tree, hitting him and knocking him out.<ref>[https://d23.com/a-to-z/plane-crazy-film/ Plane Crazy (film) - D23]</ref>

== Production ==
[[File:Plane Crazy.png|thumb|left|Minnie gives Mickey a horseshoe as a [[Iron in folklore#Horseshoes|good luck charm]] before his flight]]
The short was co-directed by Walt Disney and Ub Iwerks. Iwerks was also the sole [[animator]] for this short and spent just two weeks working on it in a back room, at a rate of over 700 drawings a day.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Of Mice and Magic: A History of American Animated Cartoons|last=Maltin|first=Leonard|publisher=[[McGraw-Hill]]|year=1980|isbn=0-07-039835-6|page=34}}</ref> It is also speculated [[Hugh Harman]] and [[Rudolf Ising]] might have done work for the short as well.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.intanibase.com/iad_entries/entry?shortID=94 |title=1928: Plane Crazy |publisher=Disney Shorts |access-date=October 18, 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120301151952/http://www.disneyshorts.org/shorts.aspx?shortID=94 |archive-date=March 1, 2012}}</ref><ref>[https://www.mouseplanet.com/10821/The_History_of_Oswald_the_Lucky_Rabbit__Part_Two The History of Oswald the Lucky Rabbit, Part Two]</ref> The sound version contained a soundtrack by [[Carl W. Stalling]], who recorded it on October 26, 1928, when he was hired, and a month before ''Steamboat Willie'' was released.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Hollywood Cartoons: American Animation in Its Golden Age|last=Barrier|first=Michael|publisher=[[Oxford University Press]]|year=1999|isbn=9780195167290|pages= 49 ; 53}}</ref>

The point of view shot from the plane made it appear as if the camera was tracking into the ground.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://cartoonresearch.com/index.php/flights-of-fancy-part-1-revving-up/|title=Flights of Fancy (Part 1) – Revving Up|date=2021-12-22|access-date=2021-12-22|website=Cartoon Research|last=Gardner|first=Charles}}</ref> When they shot this scene, they piled books under the spinning background to move the artwork closer to the view.{{citation needed|date=December 2021}}

== Reception ==
[[File:1 - Plane Crazy.jpg|thumb|The title card of the sound version of Plane Crazy]]
''[[The Film Daily]]'' (March 24, 1929): "Clever. Mickey Mouse does his animal antics in the latest mode via areoplane. [sic] The cartoonist has employed his usual ingenuity to extract a volume of laughs that are by no means confined to the juveniles. The sound effects are particularly appropriate on this type of film, and certainly add greatly to the comedy angle with the absurd squeaks, yawps and goofy noises."<ref>{{cite journal |title=Short Subjects: Sound |journal=[[The Film Daily]] |date=March 24, 1929 |page=12 |url=https://archive.org/details/filmdaily4748newy/page/n719/mode/2up |access-date=February 23, 2020}}</ref>

''[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]'' (April 3, 1929): "Walt Disney sound cartoon, produced by Powers Cinephone, one of the Mickey Mouse series of animated cartoons. It's a snappy six minutes, with plenty of nonsensical action and a fitting musical accompaniment. Constitutes an amusingly silly interlude for any wired house. Disney has derived some breezy situations, one or two of them a bit saucy but, considering the animal characters, permissible."<ref>{{cite journal |title=Talking Shorts |journal=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]] |date=April 3, 1929 |page=11 |url=https://archive.org/details/variety94-1929-04/page/n9/mode/2up |access-date=February 23, 2020}}</ref>

== Home media ==
The short was released on December 2, 2002, on ''[[Walt Disney Treasures: Wave Two#Mickey Mouse in Black and White|Walt Disney Treasures: Mickey Mouse in Black and White]]''<ref>{{cite web |title=Mickey Mouse in Black and White DVD Review|url=https://www.dvdizzy.com/mmblackwhite.html |website=DVD Dizzy |access-date=19 February 2021}}</ref> and on December 11, 2007, on ''[[Walt Disney Treasures: Wave Seven#The Adventures of Oswald the Lucky Rabbit|Walt Disney Treasures: The Adventures of Oswald the Lucky Rabbit]]''.<ref>{{cite web |title=The Adventures of Oswald the Lucky Rabbit DVD Review |url=https://www.dvdizzy.com/oswald.html |website=DVD Dizzy |access-date=14 February 2021}}</ref>

== Copyright and preservation status ==
The silent version was copyrighted on May 26, 1928, eleven days after it was test screened.<ref>{{Cite book |title=Catalog of Copyright Entries, 1928 Dramatic Compositions Motion Pictures For the Year 1928 Vol 1 Part 1 |year=1928 |pages=2730 |publisher=U.S. Govt. Print. Off. |url=https://archive.org/details/catalogofcopyrig11libr/page/148/}}</ref> The copyright for the silent version was renewed on March 14, 1956.<ref>{{Cite journal |title=Catalog of copyright entries. Ser.3 pt.12-13 v.9-12 1955-1958 Motion Pictures. |journal=Catalog of Copyright Entries.musical Compositions |year=1891 |pages=54 |url=https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mdp.39015084451130&view=page&seq=270}}</ref> The sound version was copyrighted on August 9, 1930, and was renewed on December 16, 1957,<ref>{{Cite book |title=Catalog of Copyright Entries 1957 Motion Pictures And Filmstrips Jan-Dec 3D Ser Vol 11 Pts 12-13 |year=1957 |pages=117 |publisher=U.S. Govt. Print. Off. |url=https://archive.org/details/catalogofcopyrig3111213li/page/117}}</ref> but the copyright on the title card of the film says 1929 (MCMXXIX).<ref>{{cite AV media |date=1929 |title=A Mickey Mouse Sound Cartoon: Plane Crazy |url={{fullurl:File:Plane Crazy (SILENT).webm}} |publisher=Walt Disney Studio |quote=Copyright MCMXXIX}}</ref> It is unknown to what extent changes were made between the original silent version and the sound version.

The silent version of the film entered the public domain in the United States on January 1, 2024. The sound version entered the public domain on January 1, 2025 according to [[Copyright Term Extension Act|current U.S. copyright law]].<ref>{{cite web |last1=Jenkins |first1=Jennifer |title=Mickey, Disney, and the Public Domain: a 95-year Love Triangle |url=https://web.law.duke.edu/cspd/mickey/ |website=web.law.duke.edu |publisher=Duke Center for the Study of the Public Domain |access-date=1 January 2024}}</ref>

== Legacy ==
* In 1930, the story of ''Plane Crazy'' was adapted and used for the first story in the [[Mickey Mouse (comic strip)|''Mickey Mouse'' comic strip]]. This adaptation, entitled "Lost on a Desert Island", was written by Walt Disney with art by Ub Iwerks and Win Smith.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://inducks.org/story.php?c=YM%20001|title=Lost on a Desert Island}}</ref>
* In the Mickey Mouse short ''[[The Nifty Nineties]]'' (1941), Mickey and Minnie's car runs out of control and runs into a cow. The scene was taken almost directly from ''Plane Crazy''.
* The cartoon ''Mickey's Airplane Kit'' (1999) from the series ''[[Mickey Mouse Works]]'' and ''[[House of Mouse]]'' featured a similar premise in which Mickey built his own airplane to impress Minnie.
* In the feature film ''[[Walt Before Mickey]]'', ''Plane Crazy'' was featured.<ref>[https://www.imdb.com/title/tt3154310/movieconnections/?tab=mc&ref_=tt_trv_cnn Walt Before Mickey (2015) - Connections - IMDb]</ref>
* ''Plane Crazy'' plays in a continuous loop in the Main Street Cinema at [[Disneyland]], albeit silently, next to ''[[Steamboat Willie]]''.<ref>[https://disneyland.disney.go.com/attractions/disneyland/main-street-cinema/ Main Street Cinema|Rides & Attractions|Disneyland Park|Disneyland Resort]</ref>
* The airplane, horseshoe, and "How to Fly" book are on display as props from this short in the queue of the [[Mickey & Minnie's Runaway Railway]] attraction at Disneyland.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.laughingplace.com/w/news/2023/01/25/photos-first-look-inside-the-mickey-minnies-runaway-railway-queue-at-disneyland/|title=Photos: First Look Inside the Mickey & Minnie's Runaway Railway Queue at Disneyland|website=laughingplace.com|date=January 25, 2023|accessdate=March 24, 2023}}</ref>

== See also ==
* [[Mickey Mouse (film series)|''Mickey Mouse'' film series]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{Commons category-inline|Plane Crazy}}
* {{Wikisource-inline|single=yes}}
* {{IMDb title}}
* {{DisneyAtoZ|title=''Plane Crazy''}}
* ''[https://web.archive.org/web/20080224030109/http://www.disneyshorts.org/years/1928/planecrazy.html Plane Crazy]'' at The Encyclopedia of Disney Animated Shorts

{{Mickey Mouse in animation}}
{{Minnie Mouse in animation}}
{{Ub Iwerks}}
{{Authority control}}
{{Clarabelle Cow in animation}}

[[Category:1928 American animated short films]]
[[Category:1928 comedy films]]
[[Category:1929 American animated short films]]
[[Category:1929 comedy films]]
[[Category:1920s Disney animated short films]]
[[Category:1920s English-language films]]
[[Category:American animated black-and-white films]]
[[Category:American aviation films]]
[[Category:Animated films about aviation]]
[[Category:Animated films without speech]]
[[Category:Cultural depictions of Charles Lindbergh]]
[[Category:Films directed by Ub Iwerks]]
[[Category:Films directed by Walt Disney]]
[[Category:Films produced by Walt Disney]]
[[Category:Films scored by Carl Stalling]]
[[Category:Films set on airplanes]]
[[Category:Mickey Mouse short films]]
[[Category:Silent American comedy short films]]
[[Category:Surviving American silent films]]