Editing Polish mine detector

{{Short description|WWII landmine detector}}
{{refimprove|date=February 2013}}
[[File:MINE DETECTOR IN NORTH AFRICA 1942.jpg|thumb|Men of the Royal Engineers in North Africa demonstrate the use of a mine detector (August 1942)]]
[[File:Production of mine detectors UK, 1943.jpg|right|thumb|Mine Detectors being assembled (1943)]]
The '''Mine detector (Polish) Mark I''' ({{Langx|pl|wykrywacz min}}) was a [[metal detector]] for [[land mine|landmines]] developed during [[World War II]]. Initial work on the design had started in Poland but after the [[invasion of Poland]] by the Germans in 1939, and then the [[Fall of France]] in mid-1940, it was not until the winter of 1941–1942 that work was completed by Polish lieutenant [[Józef Kosacki]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Maslen |first1=Stuart |title=Anti-personnel mines under humanitarian law : a view from the vanishing point |date=2001 |publisher=Intersentia |isbn=9789050951890 |pages=126–127}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Hammond |first1=Bryn |title=El Alamein : the battle that turned the tide of the second World War |date=2012 |publisher=Osprey Publishing |isbn=9781780964539|quote=The first, and most important, was a reliable portable mine detector, of which the most noted example was invented by a Polish officer, Józef Stanisław Kosacki.}}</ref>

== History ==
In the pre-war period, the Department of Artillery of Poland's Ministry of National Defence ordered the construction of a device that could be helpful in locating [[dud]]s on artillery training grounds. The instrument was designed by the [[AVA Radio Company|AVA ''Wytwórnia Radiotechniczna'']], but its implementation was prevented by the German [[invasion of Poland]]. Following the fall of Poland and the transfer of Polish HQ to France, work restarted on the device, this time intended as a mine detector. Little is known of this stage of construction as the work was stopped by the [[Battle of France]] and the need to evacuate the Polish personnel to Great Britain.

There in late 1941 Lieutenant [[Józef Kosacki]] devised a final version, based partially on the earlier designs. His invention was not patented; he gave it as a gift to the British Army. He was given a letter of thanks from the King for this act. His design was accepted and 500 mine detectors were immediately sent to [[Second Battle of El Alamein|El Alamein]] where they doubled the speed of the [[Eighth Army (United Kingdom)|British Eighth Army]].<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=vSYDAAAAMBAJ&dq=popular+science+june+1941&pg=PA93 "Detector Spots Buried Mines"]. ''[[Popular Science]]'', May 1943.</ref><ref>F. Majdalany ''The Battle of El Alamein: Fortress in the Sand'' 2003-p 86 "The new Polish mine detector (invented by a Polish officer serving in Britain) was making its debut in this battle, 500 of them having been rushed out to Eighth Army in time for Alamein, but some were faulty and many became damaged in ."</ref> During the war more than 100,000 of this type were produced, together with several hundred thousands of further developments of the mine detector (Mk. II, Mk. III and Mk IV). The detector was used later during the [[Allied invasion of Sicily]], the [[Allied invasion of Italy]] and the [[Invasion of Normandy]]. This type of detector was used by the British Army until 1995.

An attempt was made to mount a version of the mine detector on a vehicle so that sappers would be less vulnerable. To this end "Lulu" (on a [[Sherman tank]]) and subsequently "Bantu" (on a [[Staghound armoured car]]) were developed. The detector mechanism was in non-metallic rollers on arms held away from the vehicle. When the roller passed over a mine or a similar piece of metal it was indicated in the vehicle. Prototypes were built but never tried in combat.<ref>Fletcher, ''The Universal Tank'' 1993 HMSO 0 11 290534 X pp 94–95.</ref>

== Design ==
{{cquote|The Polish detector had two coils, one of which was connected to an [[Electronic_oscillator|oscillator]] which generated an oscillating current of an acoustic frequency. The other coil was connected to an [[amplifier]] and a headphone. When the coils came into proximity to a metallic object the balance between the coils was upset and the headphone reported a signal. The equipment weighed just under 30 pounds [14 kilograms] and could be operated by one man. The Polish detector saw service throughout the war and the Mark 4c version was still used by the British Army until 1995.|5|5|Mike Croll|The History of Landmines}}

==See also==
*[[Demining]]
*[[Land mine]]

==Notes==
{{Reflist}}

==References==
{{Refbegin}}
*"The History of Landmines" by Mike Croll published in Great Britain in 1998 by Leo Cooper, Pen & Sword Books Ltd. {{ISBN|0-85052-628-0}}
*''The Polish Contribution to The Ultimate Allied Victory in The Second World War'' Tadeusz Modelski, Worthing, England 1986, Page 221
* Time Magazine/Canadian Edition, March 8, 1999, page 18
*Mieczysław Borchólski "Z saperami generała Maczka", MON 1990, {{ISBN|83-11-07794-0}}
{{Refend}}

==External links==
* [http://www.eurofresh.se/detector.html Polish mine detector (Time Magazine/Canadian Edition), March 8, 1999 page 18]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20031012213843/http://12pulkulanow.com/main_folder/Mine%20Detector.htm MK. III "Polish" Mine Detector]

[[Category:World War II military equipment of Poland]]
[[Category:Mine warfare countermeasures]]
[[Category:Science and technology in Poland]]
[[Category:World War II military equipment of the United Kingdom]]
[[Category:Polish inventions]]
[[Category:Metal detecting]]
[[Category:Military equipment of Poland]]
[[Category:Military equipment of World War II]]
[[Category:Military equipment introduced from 1940 to 1944]]