Editing Pope Gregory V

{{Short description|Head of the Catholic Church from 996 to 999}}
{{Infobox Christian leader
| type = Pope
| honorific-prefix = [[List of popes|Pope]]
| name = Gregory V
| church = [[Catholic Church]]
| image =  Otto III wird von Papst Gregor V. zum Kaiser gesalbt.jpg
|caption=Gregory V (left) anoints [[Otto III, Holy Roman Emperor|Otto III]] as [[Holy Roman Emperor]] (drawing {{circa|1450}})
| birth_name = Bruno  
| term_start = 3 May 996
| term_end = 18 February 999
| predecessor = [[John XV]]
| successor = [[Sylvester II]]
| birth_date = c. 972
| birth_place = [[Stainach-Pürgg|Stainach]], [[Duchy of Carinthia]], [[Holy Roman Empire]]
| death_date = 18 February 999 (aged c. 27)
| death_place = [[Rome]], [[Papal States]]
| parents = [[Otto I, Duke of Carinthia]]<br>[[Judith of Carinthia]]
| other = Gregory
| title = [[Bishop of Rome]]
}}

'''Pope Gregory V''' ({{langx|la|Gregorius V}}; c. 972 – 18 February  999), born '''Bruno of Carinthia''', was the [[bishop of Rome]] and ruler of the [[Papal States]] from 3 May 996 to his death. A member of the [[Salian dynasty]], he was made [[pope]] by his cousin, [[Emperor Otto III]].

==Family==
Bruno was a son of [[Otto I, Duke of Carinthia]],{{sfn|Brooke|2014|p=438}} a member of the [[Salian dynasty]] who was a grandson of [[Holy Roman Emperor Otto I|Otto I, Holy Roman Emperor]], and his wife, [[Judith of Carinthia]], most likely a member of the [[Luitpoldings|Luitpolding dynasty]]. He is the only pope who was born in modern [[Austria]], and is sometimes referred to as "the first German pope" or as "the only Austrian pope;" German and Austrian identity was not formed at the time of Gregory's life.<ref>Gerhard Jelinek: ''Mutiger, klüger, verrückter: Frauen, die Geschichte machten,'' Amalthea Signum Verlag, 2020. (in German)</ref><ref>Stephan Vajda: ''Die Babenberger: Aufstieg einer Dynastie,'' Orac, 1986, p.&nbsp;26. (in German)</ref>

==Papal election==
Bruno was the chaplain of his cousin, Emperor [[Otto III]], who presented him as a candidate and arranged his election.{{sfn|Kalik|Uchitel|2019|p=35}}{{sfn|Baumgartner|2003|p=17}} Bruno was elected and succeeded [[John XV]] as [[pope]], taking the name Gregory V{{sfn|Kitchin|1922|p=52}} to honour [[Pope Gregory I|Pope Gregory the Great]]; he thus became the first pope to choose a regnal name for a reason other than avoiding a name that was too pagan or that of [[Saint Peter]].{{sfn|McBrien|2000|p=164}} He is often counted as the first German pope (or the second if [[Pope Boniface II|Boniface II]], an [[Ostrogoths|Ostrogoth]], is counted).{{sfn|McBrien|2000|p=138}} Following Otto's return to Germany, Gregory was forced to flee Rome, after the election of [[antipope John XVI]], whom [[Crescentius II]] and the nobles of Rome had chosen against the will of Otto III.{{sfn|Baumgartner|2003|p=17}}

==Policies==
Politically, Gregory acted consistently as the Emperor's representative in Rome and granted many exceptional privileges to monasteries within the [[Holy Roman Empire]]. One of his first acts was to crown [[Otto III]] emperor on 21 May 996.{{sfn|Collins|2001|p=191}} Together, they held a synod a few days after the coronation in which [[Arnulf, Archbishop of Reims]], was ordered to be restored to his [[See of Reims]],{{sfn|Glenn|2004|p=109}} and [[Gerbert of Aurillac]], was condemned as an intruder. King [[Robert II of France]], who had been insisting on his right to appoint bishops, was ultimately obliged to retract his claim, and also to put aside his wife, [[Bertha of Burgundy]], by the rigorous enforcement of a sentence of [[excommunication]] on the kingdom.{{sfn|Duckett|1988|p=130}}

Until the conclusion of the council of [[Pavia]] in 997, John XVI and Crescentius were in possession of Rome. The revolt of Crescentius II was decisively suppressed by Otto III, who marched upon Rome. John XVI fled, and Crescentius shut himself up in the [[Castel Sant'Angelo]]. The Emperor's troops pursued the antipope, captured him, cut off his nose and ears, cut out his tongue, blinded him, and publicly degraded him before Otto III and Gregory V.{{sfn|Levillain|2002|p=646}} When the much respected [[Nilus the Younger|St. Nilus of Rossano]] castigated both the Emperor and Pope for their cruelty, John XVI was sent to the [[monastery of Fulda]] in Germany, where he lived until {{circa|1001}}.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.santiebeati.it/dettaglio/72100| title = Agasso, Domenico. "San Nilo da Rossano", Santi e Beati, February 1, 2001}}</ref> The Castel Sant'Angelo was besieged, and when it was taken in 998, Crescentius was hanged upon its walls.

==Death==
[[File:59-Gregorio-V.jpg|thumb|262px|Tomb of Pope Gregory V]]
Gregory V died suddenly, not without suspicion of foul play, on 18 February 999. He is buried in [[St. Peter's Basilica]] near [[Pope Pelagius I]]. His successor was Gerbert, who took the name [[Pope Sylvester II|Sylvester II]].

==References==
{{reflist}}

==Sources==
*{{cite book |title=Behind Locked Doors: A History of the Papal Elections |first=Frederic J. |last=Baumgartner |publisher=Palgrave Macmillan |year=2003 }}
*{{cite book |title=Europe in the Central Middle Ages: 962-1154 |first=Christopher |last=Brooke |publisher=Routledge |year=2014 }}
*{{cite book |first=Eleanor Shipley |last=Duckett |title=Death and Life in the Tenth Century |publisher=University of Michigan Press |year=1988 }}
*{{cite book |title=Politics and History in the Tenth Century: The Work and World of Richer of Reims |first=Jason |last=Glenn |publisher=Cambridge University Press |year=2004 }}
*{{cite book |title=The Papacy: An Encyclopedia |editor-first=Philippe |editor-last=Levillain |publisher=Routledge |year=2002 }}
*{{cite book |first=Richard P. |last=McBrien |title=Lives of the Popes: The Pontiffs from St. Peter to Benedict XVI |publisher=HarperCollins Publishers |year=2000 }}
*{{cite book |title= Slavic Gods and Heroes |first1=Judith |last1=Kalik |first2=Alexander |last2=Uchitel |publisher=Routledge |year=2019 }}
*{{cite book |title=Keepers Of The Keys Of Heaven: A History Of The Papacy |first=Roger |last=Collins |publisher=Basic Books |year=2001 }}
*{{cite journal |journal=The Catholic Historical Review |publisher=Catholic University of America Press |title=A Pope-Philosopher of the Tenth Century: Sylvester II (Gerbert of Aurillac) |first=William P.H. |last=Kitchin |volume=8| issue =  1, April |year=1922 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/i25006259 |pages=42–54}}

==External links==
{{Commons category|Gregorius V|Gregory V}}
* [http://www.pilger-speyer.de/beitrag-aus-archiv/article/ein-salier-auf-dem-stuhl-petri/ ''Ein Salier auf dem Stuhl Petri''], Online article on Gregory V, from the Diocese of Speyer's publication, ''[[Der Pilger]]'' {{inlang|de}}
* {{Geschichtsquellen Person|118697382|Gregorius V papa}} {{inlang|de}}
{{s-start}}
{{s-hou|[[Salian dynasty]] ||972||999}}
{{s-rel|ca}}
{{s-bef|before=[[John XV]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Pope]]|years=996–999}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Sylvester II]]}}
{{s-end}}

{{Popes}}
{{Catholicism}}
{{History of the Catholic Church}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Gregory 05}}
[[Category:Popes]]
[[Category:German popes]]
[[Category:10th-century German clergy]]
[[Category:Salian dynasty]]
[[Category:970s births]]
[[Category:999 deaths]]
[[Category:10th-century popes]]
[[Category:Burials at St. Peter's Basilica]]