Editing Port Newark–Elizabeth Marine Terminal

{{short description|Major component of the Port of New York and New Jersey}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=July 2023}}
{{use American English|date=July 2023}}
{{distinguish|Port Elizabeth, New Jersey}}
{{Infobox port
| name = Port Newark–Elizabeth Marine Terminal
| image = Port_Newark–Elizabeth_Marine_Terminal.png
| image_size = 300px
| image_caption = Port Newark–Elizabeth Marine Terminal in [[New Jersey]]
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[[Image:Wpdms terra portnewarkelizmarineterm.jpg|thumb|The port facility in pink along with the usual route of ships entering [[Newark Bay]] via [[The Narrows]] and [[Kill Van Kull]] between [[Bayonne, New Jersey]], and [[Staten Island]]]]
[[File:Container port facilities in Newark Bay.JPG|thumb|Container port facilities at [[Port Newark-Elizabeth Marine Terminal]] seen from [[Bayonne, New Jersey]]]]
[[Image:Line3174 - Shipping Containers at the terminal at Port Elizabeth, New Jersey - NOAA.jpg|thumb|upright=1.1|Part of the A.P. Moller Container terminal at Port Elizabeth]]
[[File:Patrol Boat Hocking in Newark Bay.jpg|thumb|[[USACE]] patrol boat on [[Newark Bay]]]]
'''Port Newark–Elizabeth Marine Terminal''', a major component of the [[Port of New York and New Jersey]], is the principal [[container ship]] facility for goods entering and leaving the [[New York metropolitan area]] and the northeastern quadrant of [[North America]]. 

Located on [[Newark Bay]], the facility is run by the [[Port Authority of New York and New Jersey]]. Its two components, Port Newark and the Elizabeth Marine Terminal (sometimes called Port Elizabeth) sit side by side within the cities of [[Newark, New Jersey|Newark]] and [[Elizabeth, New Jersey|Elizabeth]], [[New Jersey]], just east of the [[New Jersey Turnpike]] and [[Newark Liberty International Airport]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://njmonthly.com/articles/jersey-living/port-newark-elizabeth-marine-terminal/|title = How Port Newark Moves the World|date = July 18, 2019 |last1=Alex |first1=Patricia |last2= Lynn |first2=Kathleen |website=New Jersey Monthly}}</ref>

==Operations==
{{As of|2004}}, the facility was the largest on the [[East Coast of the United States|U.S. East Coast]] and the second-largest in the country.<ref>{{cite news |title=New York Port Hums Again, With Asian Trade |first=Eric |last=Lipton |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2004/11/22/nyregion/22port.html |newspaper=The New York Times |date=November 22, 2004 |access-date=2011-07-20}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.logisticsmgmt.com/article/top_30_u.s._ports_big_ports_got_bigger_in_2020|title=Top 30 U.S. Ports: Big ports got bigger in 2020|last=Burnson|first=Patrick|date=May 5, 2021|website=Logistics Management}}</ref>

Container goods typically arrive on container ships through [[The Narrows]] and the [[Kill Van Kull]] before entering Newark Bay, a shallow body of water that has been dredged to accommodate large ships. Some ships enter Newark Bay via the [[Arthur Kill]]. The port facility consists of two main dredged slips and multiple loading cranes. [[Intermodal container|Shipping containers]] are arrayed in large stacks visible from the New Jersey Turnpike before being loaded onto rail cars and trucks.

Since 1998, the port has seen a 65% increase in traffic.{{Citation needed|date=February 2008}} In 2006, it handled more than 20% of all US imports from Germany, more than any other US port.<ref>[http://www.worldportsource.com/trade/imports/weight/DEU.php Foreign imports to USA ports, measured in kilograms, from Germany] (from 'worldportsource.com'. Accessed 2008-02-14.)</ref>

In 2009, the major port operators at Port Newark–Elizabeth included Maher Terminals, [[APM Terminals]] (part of [[A. P. Moller-Maersk Group|A. P. Moller-Maersk]]), and Port Newark Container Terminal (owned by Ports America Inc.).

===Improvements===
The port received new cranes in May 2014.<ref name=":0" />

The height of ships serving the port is limited by the [[Bayonne Bridge]] over Kill Van Kull. This limitation grew more serious with the [[Panama Canal expansion project|Panama Canal's 2016 expansion]] that enabled bigger, [[New Panamax]] ships to reach the port from Asia. In 2012, the Port Authority announced plans to raise the Bayonne Bridge's roadway to {{convert|215|ft}} over the water, at a cost of around $1.7 billion.<ref name="Bayonne Bridge">{{cite web|title=Bayonne Bridge Navigational Clearance Program|url=http://www.panynj.gov/bayonnebridge/|publisher=The Port Authority of New York and New Jersey|access-date=16 December 2012}}</ref> The increased navigational clearance was achieved in June 2017, and the overall bridge project was completed in 2019. Other improvements are expected to cost additional billions of dollars, including larger cranes, bigger railyard facilities, deeper channels, and expanded wharves.<ref name=":0">{{cite news |url=http://www.nj.com/news/index.ssf/2014/05/giant_shipping_cranes_arrive_at_port_heralding_super_post-panamax_era.html |title=Giant shipping cranes arrive at port, heralding 'super post-Panamax' era |work= NJ.com |last=Strunsky |first=Steve |date=May 18, 2014 |access-date=2014-06-23}}</ref>

==Rail facilities==
[[File:Bayonne, New Jersey and Staten Island, New York.jpg|thumb|upright=1.2|Port Newark and the adjacent Doremus Ave. Auto Terminal auto processing facilities]]
[[ExpressRail]], an initiative of the PANYNJ, provides dockside [[transloading]] operations at both Port Elizabeth (operated by [[Millennium Marine Rail]]) and Port Newark. [[Conrail Shared Assets Operations]] (CRCX) is the [[terminal railroad]] connecting to the [[Chemical Coast]] for [[CSX Transportation]] (CSX) and [[Norfolk Southern]] (NS).

The auto-processing facilities at the north end of Port Newark and the adjacent Doremus Ave. Auto Terminal are served by dockside trackage. [[Oak Island Yard]], the major [[classification yard]] in the region, is just north of the port. NS operates an ExpressRail yard south of the port next to [[Jersey Gardens]].

==History==
[[File:PSM V66 D289 Mechanical ditch digging on the newark meadows 1904.png|thumb|upright=1.2|Early reclamation efforts]]
[[File:PortNewarkNJTurnpike.jpg|thumb|upright=1.2|[[Port Newark]]]]
The western edge of Newark Bay was originally the Newark Meadows, shallow tidal [[wetlands]] covering about {{convert|12|sqmi|km2}}. In the 1910s, the city of Newark began excavating an angled shipping [[Channel (geography)|channel]] in the northeastern quadrant of the wetland. This became the basis of Port Newark.<ref>{{cite news| url=https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1915/06/27/301808242.pdf | work=The New York Times | title=To Make Newark Bay A Big Port; The Jersey Meadow's Being Transformed Into a Busy Spot, with Docks and Reclaimed Land | date=1915-06-27}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=French|first=Kenneth|title=Images of America:Railroads of Hoboken and Jersey City|publisher=[[Arcadia Publishing]]|date=February 24, 2002|location=[[Portsmouth, New Hampshire]]|pages=25–29|url=http://www.arcadiapublishing.com/mm5/merchant.mvc?Screen=PROD&Product_Code=9780738509662&Store_Code=arcadia&search=Images+of+Rail&offset=0&filter_cat=&PowerSearch_Begin_Only=&sort=&range_low=&range_high=%20%26srch_series%3D1|access-date=November 21, 2009|isbn=978-0-7385-0966-2}}</ref> Work on the channel and terminal facilities on its north side accelerated during [[World War I]], when the federal government took control of Port Newark. During the war, nearly 25,000 troops were stationed at the Newark Bay Shipyard.<ref>[http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/facility/newark-bay.htm Newark Bay Shipyard]. Globalsecurity.org. Retrieved on 2014-06-23.</ref>

The [[Port Authority of New York and New Jersey]] was formed in 1921,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.panynj.gov/port/Port |title=The page you're looking for can't be found - the Port Authority of NY & NJ |website=www.panynj.gov |access-date=3 February 2022 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20110611110349/http://www.panynj.gov/port/Port |archive-date=11 June 2011 |url-status=dead}}</ref> and the Newark Bay Channels were authorized by the [[Rivers and Harbors Act]]s in 1922. Shipping operations languished after the war, and in 1927, the city of Newark started construction of Newark Airport (now known as [[Newark Liberty International Airport]]) on the northwestern quadrant of the wetlands that lay between Port Newark and the edge of the developed city. The port authority took over the operations of Port Newark and Newark Airport in 1948 and began modernizing both facilities and expanding them southward.

The [[SS Ideal X|SS ''Ideal X'']], considered the first container ship, made her maiden voyage as a container carrier on April 26, 1956,<ref name="urlThe Port Authority of New York and New Jersey - Press Release">{{cite web |url=http://www.panynj.gov/abouttheportauthority/PressCenter/PressReleases/PressRelease/index.php?id=812 |title=The Port Authority of New York and New Jersey - Press Release }}</ref> carrying 58 containers from Port Newark to the [[Port of Houston]].<ref name="panynj1">[http://www.panynj.gov/port/history.html History - Port of New York and New Jersey - Port Authority of New York & New Jersey]. Panynj.gov. Retrieved on 2014-06-23.</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.richmondfed.org/publications/research/region_focus/2012/q2-3/pdf/economic_history.pdf |title=Archived copy |access-date=2013-08-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121019045612/http://www.richmondfed.org/publications/research/region_focus/2012/q2-3/pdf/economic_history.pdf |archive-date=2012-10-19 |url-status=dead }}</ref> [[SeaLand]] expanded its operations into the newly developed container terminal.

In 1958, the port authority dredged another shipping channel, which straightened the course of Bound Brook, the tidal [[inlet]] forming the boundary between Newark and Elizabeth. Dredged materials were used to create new upland south of the new Elizabeth Channel, where the port authority constructed the Elizabeth Marine Terminal. The first shipping facility to open on the Elizabeth Channel was the new {{convert|90|acre|ha|adj=on}} [[SeaLand|Sea-Land]] [[Container terminal|Container Terminal]], which was the prototype for virtually every container terminal constructed thereafter.<ref name="panynj1"/>

This new port facility antiquated most of the traditional waterfront port facilities in [[New York Harbor]], leading to a steep decline in such areas as [[Manhattan]], [[Hoboken, New Jersey|Hoboken]], [[Jersey City]] and [[Brooklyn]]. The automated nature of the facility requires far fewer workers and does not require the opening of containers before onward shipping.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Levinson|first=Marc|title=The Box: How the Shipping Container Made the World Smaller and the World Economy Bigger|publisher=Princeton University Press|year=2016|isbn=9780691170817|edition=2nd|location=Princeton|pages=102–134}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://jerseydigs.com/history-of-jersey-city-part-1/|title=A Neighbor's History of Jersey City – Part 1: Hamilton's High Hopes|website=jerseydigs.com|date=December 11, 2024|accessdate=December 12, 2024}}</ref>

In 2000, a Congressional study deemed the port and other transportation, communications, oil, and chemical facilities along a {{convert|2|mile}} stretch of New Jersey "the nation's most enticing environment for terrorists", according to a 2005 ''[[New York Times]]'' article.<ref name="nyt2005">{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2005/05/09/nyregion/09homeland.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0 |title=Facing the City, Potential Targets Rely on a Patchwork of Security |date=May 9, 2005 |agency=The New York Times |access-date=September 17, 2014 |author=Kocieniewski, David |work=The New York Times |location=New York City}}</ref>

In 2011, PANYNJ restructured the lease of a major tenant, Port Newark Container Terminal (PNCT), whose owner had been subject of the [[Dubai Ports World controversy]]. The agreement calls for a 20-year extension of PNCT's existing lease through 2050, subject to PNCT's investment of $500 million and an expansion from {{convert|180|acres}} to about {{convert|287|acres}} to accommodate additional volume. It is expected to generate an annual increase in container volume from [[Mediterranean Shipping Company]], the world's second-largest shipping company, from 414,000 to 1.1 million containers by 2030.<ref>{{Citation |last=Strunsky |first=Steve |title=Port Newark terminal lease deal to double volume |newspaper=The Star-Ledger |date=June 17, 2011 |url=http://www.nj.com/business/index.ssf/2011/06/port_newark_terminal_lease_dea.html |access-date=2011-07-28}}</ref><ref>{{Citation |last=Gibson |first=Ginger |title=Expansion of Port Newark Container Terminal will spur job growth, Gov. Christie says |newspaper=The Star-Ledger |date=July 27, 2011 |url=http://www.nj.com/news/index.ssf/2011/07/expansion_of_port_newark_conta.html |access-date=2011-07-28}}</ref> Various planned steps to accommodate this growth include deepening the Kill van Kull, raising the Bayonne Bridge, and expanding [[rail freight]] facilities. Highstar Capital, the owner of PNCT's parent company Ports America is shopping the company.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Tan|first1=Wei Zhe|title=Yildirim eyes CMA CGM stake sale to fund Ports America purchase|url=https://lloydslist.maritimeintelligence.informa.com/LL109021/Yildirim-eyes-CMA-CGM-stake-sale-to-fund-Ports-America-purchase|access-date=29 July 2017|publisher=Lloyd's List|date=July 6, 2017}}</ref> In 2017, a Turkish company seeks to buy Ports America.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Barnard|first1=Bruce|title=Yildirim, pursuing Ports America, seeks buyer for CMA CGM stake|url=http://www.joc.com/port-news/terminal-operators/ports-america-group/yildirim-pursuing-ports-america-seeks-buyer-cma-cgm-stake_20170706.html|publisher=JOC|date=July 6, 2017}}</ref>

In July 2023, an Italian-flagged ship owned by the [[Grimaldi Group]] carrying close to 1,200 vehicles for export caught fire, resulting in the death of two [[Newark Fire Department]] firefighters.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Tully |first1=Tracey |last2=Ives |first2=Mike |last3=Young |first3=Elise |date=July 6, 2023 |title=How 2 Firefighters Died in a Blaze They Were Ill-Equipped to Face |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2023/07/06/nyregion/newark-ship-firefirefighters-new-jersey.html |work=The New York Times |access-date=July 7, 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.nj.com/news/2023/07/port-newark-resumes-reopens-for-business-after-deadly-cargo-ship-fire.html | title=Port Newark channel reopens for business after deadly cargo ship fire | last1=Rodas | first1=Steven | last2=Livio | first2=Susan K. | date=July 9, 2023 }}</ref>

==Port of New York and New Jersey facilities==
Other seaport terminals of the [[Port Authority of New York and New Jersey]] include:
* [[Howland Hook Marine Terminal]] on [[Arthur Kill]] at [[Newark Bay]]
* [[Port Jersey Marine Terminal]] on [[Upper New York Bay]]

==See also==
{{Portal|Transport|New Jersey}}
* [[Gateway Region]]
* [[Chemical Coast]]
* [[Marine life of New York-New Jersey Harbor Estuary]]
* [[List of North American ports]]
* [[List of ports in the United States]]
* [[List of world's busiest container ports]]

==References==
{{Reflist|1}}

==External links==
{{commons category|Port Newark–Elizabeth Marine Terminal}}
*[https://www.pnct.net/ Official website]

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{{DEFAULTSORT:Port Newark-Elizabeth Marine Terminal}}
[[Category:Container terminals]]
[[Category:Economy of Newark, New Jersey]]
[[Category:Buildings and structures in Elizabeth, New Jersey]]
[[Category:Geography of Newark, New Jersey]]
[[Category:Port Authority of New York and New Jersey]]
[[Category:Port of New York and New Jersey]]
[[Category:Ports and harbors of New Jersey|Newark-Elizabeth Maine Terminal]]
[[Category:Transportation buildings and structures in Essex County, New Jersey]]
[[Category:Transportation in Newark, New Jersey]]