Editing Postal card

{{Distinguish|postcard}}
[[File:Sniatyn 1875 Karta.jpg|right|thumb|Austria-Hungary postal card of 1875, Polish version, sent from Sniatyn (Ukraine).]]
[[File:US-PostalCard1881.jpg|right|thumb|United States postal card of 1881.]]
[[File:Ganzsache Bayern P44-1.jpg|right|thumb|Bavarian postal card of 1892.]]
[[File:Postal card UK 1890.jpg|right|thumb|United Kingdom postal card of 1895.]]

[[File:MessageReplyCardsCubaCirca1890.jpg|right|thumb|A message reply card, still attached, sent from Cuba to Germany, 1894.]]
[[File:Surcharged overprinted postal card, China Post.jpg|thumb|A Chinese zodiac "Year of the ox" postal card with an overprinted surcharged imprinted stamp, 1997]]

'''Postal cards''' are [[postal stationery]] with an [[imprinted stamp]] or [[indicium]] signifying the prepayment of postage. They are sold by [[Postal authority|postal authorities]].  On January 26, 1869, Dr. [[Emanuel Herrmann]] of [[Austria]] described the advantages of a ''Correspondenz Karte''.<ref>Österreich 1850-1918, Spezialkatalog und Handbuch, von Dr. Ulrich FERCHENBAUER, Wien 1981, p.503</ref> By October 1, 1869 the world's first postal card was produced by Austria-Hungary.<ref name=VanGelder>Van Gelder, Peter J.; ''The Collectors' Guide to Postal Stationery'', A Squirrel Publication (1997) {{ISBN|0-947604-07-3}}</ref>  They caught on quickly. By the end of 1870, Great Britain, Finland, Switzerland and [[Württemberg]] joined the countries issuing postal cards. In the United States, they were first produced in 1873.<ref name=Bussey>Bussey, Lewis E., Ed.; ''United States Postal Card Catalog'', United Postal Stationery Society, 2010, 248 pages. A complete and authoritative look at U.S. postal cards.</ref>  Some of the forms taken by postal cards include the regular single card which may be [[Commemorative stamp|commemorative]] or [[Definitive stamp|definitive]], attached message-reply cards, [[airmail]] postal cards, and official postal cards used for official government business with a "penalty for private use".

To the post office, there were positive advantages to postal cards as opposed to correspondence in [[envelope]]s. The cards were lighter and less bulky than letters and they were all the same size. The result was that they occupied less than one third of the space required by the same number of letters.  To the public there were also advantages.  They were simple and cheap making them an instant success.<ref name=VanGelder /> Britain had a half-penny rate to begin with.  The U.S. "penny postcard" rate lasted through 1951.<ref name=Bussey />

Presumably for the purpose of getting a prompt reply, a sender was given the opportunity to pay for postage ''both'' ways with an attached message-reply card, first introduced by Germany in 1873.<ref name=VanGelder />  Other European countries quickly followed suit.  Spain furnished message-reply cards to her Colonies: Cuba (1880), Philippines (1889) and Puerto Rico (1898).<ref>Littrell, Robert, Ed.; ''Postal Cards of Spanish Colonial Cuba, Philippines and Puerto Rico'', UPSS, 2010; {{ISBN|978-0-9800112-4-1}}</ref>   The U.S. issued them first in 1892.<ref name=Bussey /> Message-reply cards were attached [[tête-bêche]]
and likely to be perforated or rouletted to facilitate separation once in the hands of the recipient.  The recipient could then tear them apart and use the prepaid reply card to correspond with the original sender. Normally the message card would be identical to the reply card except with the distinction of having additional language such as "WITH REPLY CARD" or "''La otra tarjeta es para la respuesta''" or "''Carte Postale Réponse''" or similar words to distinguish the two.  In the U.S., message and reply cards have been identical since 1968.<ref name=Bussey />

Nowadays the term '''postal card''' is clearly differentiated from the term '[[postcard]]', which designates cards prepared by private companies and which do not have prepaid franking. (Postcards are readily available at commercial outlets, the addition of an [[Adhesive postage stamp|adhesive stamp]] is required to mail them and they are frequently illustrated with pictures or printed advertisements; they are ''not'' considered postal stationery any more than a plain envelope or sheet of parcel wrapping are.)<ref name=VanGelder /> Historically, however, this terminological distinction was not evident: in the UK the term 'post card' was used for what was called in the US a 'postal card'.  

==References==
{{Reflist}}

== Further reading ==
* Bussey, Lewis E., Ed.; ''United States Postal Card Catalog, 2010'', [[United Postal Stationery Society]] (UPSS).
* Dagnall, H. ''The Evolution of British Stamped Postcards & Letter Cards: their history & documentation''. Queensbury: H. Dagnall, 1985 249p.
* Falberg, Bill, and Undersander, Dan; ''Historical Catalog of U.S. Postal Card Essays and Proofs: 1874–1885'', UPSS, 2008.  (electronic version, 2010) 384 pages.
* Gage, Alexander D., Edward G. Fladung & Melvin Feiner (Eds.). ''Higgins & Gage World Postal Stationery Catalog''. Pasadena: Higgins & Gage, 1964–89 (19 volumes)
* Gough, James P. ''The Postal History of the Universal Postal Union: The Postal Card (Worldwide) 1869–1974''. London: Royal Philatelic Society London, 2019 {{ISBN|9781913015046}} 935p. (2 volumes)
* Krieger, George T.; ''The Postal Stationery of the Possessions and Administrative Areas of the United States of America''; United Postal Stationery Society, 2009, {{ISBN|978-0-9800112-3-4}}.
* Littrell, Robert, Ed.; ''Postal Cards of Spanish Colonial Cuba, Philippines and Puerto Rico'', UPSS, 2010.
* Stendel, Robert; ''U.S. Domestic Postal Card Regulations'', 1874–1885, United Postal Stationery Society, 2010 edition.
* Wukasch, Ken; ''Postal Cards of the World's [[Columbian Exposition]]''; UPSS, 2005.

== External links ==
{{Commons category|Postal cards}}
* [http://www.libanpostcard.com/postcard_history.html Postal Cards and Post Cards History]: Mostly picture postcards, but some information and illustrations of postal cards.
* [http://www.cubafil.org/MemberPages/RobertLittrell/PC/1878.html Postal Cards of Cuba (1878 -1958)]: Comprehensive Cuban collection
* [http://www.myprepaidcards.blogspot.com Postal Card -Carte Postale -Dopisnica] : My collection

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Philatelic terminology]]
[[Category:Postal stationery]]
[[Category:Postcards]]